He insists rightly that the first place for a woman is in the home, and that anything which diverts her from that is a loss to the whole of society; but, subject to this proviso, he is strongly in favour of girls learning some useful accomplishment, especially that of cookery. Perhaps he makes too much of the point that the way to the hearts of men, as to that of other beasts, is through their stomach; but there can be no question that it would be a great help to a girl to know something before marriage of the way to manage a household. On this point and on many others, such as the education and the recreations of girls, the various occupations of unmarried women (especially nursing), and, above all, in the two chapters on 'Helpful Wives' and 'The Influence of a Wife,' the writer has much to say which, if not precisely new, can yet well bear restating, and which most people will find interesting. No doubt much of it has been said before in his two earlier volumes, and we do not think that this quite comes up to their level; but it may still be recommended as a book which any one may find readable, and from which most may derive instruction. A few errors may be noticed with a view to correction in a subsequent edition. The same proverb is quoted twice on successive pages (pp. 244, 245); and the orthography of the names which appear as Caroline Hershel (p. 235), Hannah Moore (p. 244), and Eugénie de Guénin (p. 254), may be commended to the author's attention.

Zeno. By a LADY. (Oxford: Parker and Co., 1890.)

Is it to be taken as one of the natural results of the extension of the female range of study that, whereas the mere male who gathers from his college tutor stray notions of 'the Heraclitean flux and the Parmenidean "Ev' is content to record the same in his note-book with a view to future examinations, here is a lady who has adapted this seemingly unpromising subject-matter to the purposes of a romance? For, as it may be as well to warn readers, the Zeno whose name appears on the title-page is not the author of Stoicism, but the disciple of Parmenides, who, in support of his master's theories concerning Being and not-Being (or, as Dr. Hutchison Stirling delights to call them, the beënt and the non-beënt), propounded the famous paradox of Heracles and the tortoise. Whether the authoress was rewarded for her exertions by a high class in the schools we are not told; but we would gladly believe so. Certainly there is much knowledge scattered through the pages of this volume, and the authoress touches with equal confidence on philosophy, mathematics, and the classical writers. From the point of view of fiction the carping critic might allege a certain lack of interest in the story, and from that of philosophy the student unversed in the mysteries of the Eleatic doctrine might complain of a certain obscurity; but there is much instruction. and some amusement to be derived from the volume, and the authoress is genuinely to be congratulated, both on the range of learning which it exhibits, and on the enthusiasm which her studies have evidently aroused in her.

It would be hyper-criticism to dwell on a few details of questionable accuracy, but the reader must be prepared for a few shocks to

his preconceived notions. It is something of a surprise to find that Aristotle calmly appropriated large passages of Parmenides for his own uses, and that Democritus borrowed without acknowledgment a love-song from Meleager. It may provoke remark also to find Aristotle taking part in a conversation in the middle of the fifth century, which implies that at his death he had reached the patriarchal age of 140 or thereabouts; but as the authoress informs us that she supposes Zeno, Xenophanes, Gorgias, and Democritus all to have exceeded the century, we can only suppose that she has found that the study of philosophy greatly promotes vitality. Democritus seems to have begun young, too, for at the early age of nine we find him successfully 'refuting Realism and Conceptualism alike.' We also are delighted to find ourselves, quite early in the volume, assisting at a crowded meeting in support of woman's rights; and we observe a striking similarity in the manners and customs of the inhabitants of Bosporus to those of a more modern city not unlike in name, which seems to show to which of our seats of learning we are to ascribe this surely very remarkable volume.

The War in the Crimea. By General SIR EDWARD HAMLEY, K.C.B. With Portraits and Plans. (London: Seeley and Co., Limited, 1891.)

It was a happy thought which confided to Sir Edward Hamley the task of giving us in a succinct form the history of the War in the Crimea. We have had enough of eloquent, copious, not to say verbose, accounts of the campaign of 1854-5, but these are mostly compiled by men who lay no claim to any special knowledge of the profession of arms. It is refreshing to turn from them to this book, written by one who is well known to have devoted himself to the study of the higher operations of war, and who witnessed with intelligence, strengthened by wide reading, many of the incidents of the campaign. He writes with a rare modesty. If he ventures to suggest (p. 62) that at the Alma we might well have attacked and turned the Russian right and forced her back upon the sea, rather than threaten her left and engage her directly in the centre, he gives his opinion courteously and cautiously, well knowing that he is a mere pedant who insists on the observance of axioms in the field, coûte que coûte. That the enemy were allowed to retire unmolested is shown not to have been the fault of the English general, to whom also is to be credited the well-known flank-march, which Sir Edward vividly describes, by short natural touches which show that he was there, and had his eyes open. Indeed, that is one characteristic of the book. The reader, with the aid of this book of 300 pages, will have a clear, unbiassed, scientific account of the war, and a short and satisfactory explanation of the policy of the different Powers who were engaged in it. Sir Edward deals trenchantly and well with the strategic views set forth by Todleben, as also with the mistakes and mendacities which seem indigenous in the lands of the Czar ; and his mode of treating the endless animadversions of the hired scribes on the sufferings of our army, are worthy of all praise. He goes to the

root of the matter, and, while he condemns the system, he makes due allowance for the difficulties of the situation, and is not sparing of the praise which is undoubtedly due to the heroism and discipline of the English. His book will doubtless receive due notice and criticism in the military periodicals of the day, but we advise all who take an interest in the war which dispelled the dream of peace in which Europe had slumbered for nearly forty years, to study this book, and they will realise the opening scene of the great drama on which the curtain has not yet fallen. For let it ever be remembered that the objective point of Russia is not Constantinople but Jerusalem, and that already the politician and the strategist can discover that neither on the Balkans nor the mountains of Afghanistan will the storm of battle burst, nor on the flanks of Europe's line of defence, but on the centre between the Caspian and the Black Sea, on the plains of Persia, in the valley of the Euphrates, on the frontiers of the Holy Land, will be fought out the strife between the South and the North which was only commenced by 'The War in the Crimea.' God grant that England may ever hold herself prepared! The Providence of God has placed her in a position which towers high above that of every nation upon earth. Let us have faith in Him, and keep our powder dry'!

The Journal of Sir Walter Scott, from the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford. 2 vols. (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1890.)

THE quarter which has elapsed since the publication of our latest number has been fruitful in excitements. In the Church there has been the event of the judgment of Archbishop Benson and his assessors on the case of the Bishop of Lincoln. In the domain of national life the charges against the colleagues of Mr. Stanley, involving, to some extent, the fair fame of their leader, have been the subject of keen controversy, in the foreign as well as in the English press; and now a still fiercer conflict nearer home, depending on the question (a more difficult one than it may appear at first sight) of the relations between public and private morality, is threatening the disruption of a great political party.

All this turmoil may for a season throw literature into the background. But good literature in time asserts its claims upon the attention of men, who become weary of the pressure of passing excitements upon the brain and begin to long for some form of relaxation. To such we may commend this first complete edition of the Journal of Sir Walter Scott. It is a real study in psychology, and if it has elements of sadness, that sadness is overcome by admiration of the dauntless struggle which Scott waged against misfortune. These volumes are handsomely printed, and are admirably edited by their publisher, Mr. David Douglas, who, in addition to his natural gifts, has enjoyed, through his acquaintance with many friends, and descendants of the friends, of Scott, peculiar advantages for such a task. It is to a great-granddaughter of Scott-the Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott-that the reading public owe the enjoyment of seeing in full the pages from which Lockhart, with much skill and good feeling, made large extracts

in his biography. We are We are not without hope of being able to return to the subject at greater length in a future number of this Review. Meanwhile we feel assured that a study of these volumes will add much to the appreciation, not only of Scott's character, but also of his place in the world of letters and history.

2

The Primary Charge of the Right Reverend G. F. P. Blyth, D.D., Bishop of the Church of England in Jerusalem and the East. Addressed to the Clergy and Laity under the Bishop's Superintendence; and (as a Report) to the Church which the Bishop represents. (London: Wells Gardner, Darton and Co., 1890.) It may be in the recollection of some of our readers that in April 1887 we felt it our duty, under the heading of 'Note on the Jerusalem Bishopric,'' to place on record a firm but, as it seemed to us, a temperate protest against the repetition of what we called 'the disastrous mistake of 1841, by appointing an Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem and the East.' The misgivings which we ventured to express gave umbrage in certain quarters, and brought us grave remonstrances, which were received with all due attention and respect. We have now before us The Primary Charge of Bishop Blyth, and we think that any candid reader of it must allow that it more than bears out the apprehensions to which, in common with Dr. Liddon (in his letters to the Guardian of February 1887), expression was given in the pages of this Review. Those apprehensions were pooh-poohed at the time by Dr. Blyth. He considered that the charge of 'proselytizing' was 'a good deal exaggerated,' and that it affected independent agencies rather than the C.M.S. and the London Jews Society. With creditable candour he admits that he has had to change his mind. 'It may be perhaps objected that I have changed my expressed opinions on the subject of these missions. Well, I am bound to confess that experience has obliged me to modify them' (p. 14). The Bishop's Charge abounds--we might have said reeks-with evidence, not only that proselytizing' is carried on in defiance of the entreaties and recommendations of Bishops, Archbishops, and Lambeth Conferences, but that the Bishop in Jerusalem is to a great extent 'boycotted' by his clergy. The Charge is indeed a very noble declaration of sound Church principles, which reflects the highest credit on its author, but for all that it is very painful reading, and we can only regret that it has reached us too late to admit of our dealing with it at greater length. The strained relations--to use no stronger term-between the Bishop and his clergy must present a very discreditable aspect of the Church of England to Eastern Churches, and can only help to retard the consummation of that union for which all good Christians pray.

1 See Church Quarterly Review, vol. xxiv. p. 225.
2 See Guardian, February 9, 1887.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXI.