lepsis; § 220. Polysyndeton; § 221. Asyndeton and Polysyndeton Con-

trasted; § 222. Paroemiac Figures; § 223. Proverb; § 224. Apoph-

thegm; § 225. Epigram.

CHAPTER X.

ENERGY..

.Page 204

§ 226. Definition; § 227. Simplicity as Tending to Energy; § 228.

Conciseness; § 229. Retrenchment of Superfluous Words; § 230. Pre-

cision; § 231. The Definite; § 232. The Concrete; § 233. Demonstra-

tive Terms; § 234. Proper Terms; § 235. Other Qualities that Tend

to Energy; § 236. Illustrations; § 237. Faults of Style as Opposed to

Energy.

CHAPTER XI.

VIVACITY..

218

§ 238. Definition ; § 239. Vivacity in Thought; § 240. In Expression;

$241. Copiousness; § 242. Versatility; § 243. Brilliancy; § 244. Vivid-

ness; § 245. Felicity of Style; § 246. Faults of Style as Opposed to

Vivacity.

CHAPTER XII. THE ILLUSTRATIVE STYLE...

226

§ 247. The Illustrative Style; § 248. Example; § 249. Allusion;

§ 250. Comparison and Metaphor; § 251. Anecdote.

CHAPTER XIII. THE EPIGRAMMATIC STYLE.

230

§ 252. Epigrammatic Style; § 253. In Poetry; § 254. In Prose;

§ 255. Faults in the Epigrammatic Style.

CHAPTER XIV.

OTHER QUALITIES OF STYLE ASSOCIATED WITH VI-

VACITY..

........

234

§ 256. Classical Style; § 257. Suggestive Style; § 258. Other Terms

applied to Style.

CHAPTER I.

PART III.-HARMONY IN STYLE.

EUPHONY...

239

$259. Harmony in Style; § 260. Euphony; § 261. In Different Kinds

of Composition; § 262. Examples; § 263. Violations of Euphony in

Various Letters and Syllables; § 264. By Repetition of Words; § 265.

Repetition of Words sometimes Necessary.

CHAPTER II. ELEGANCE..

247

§ 266. Elegance; § 267. Violations of Elegance; § 268. Affectations;

§ 269. Mannerism; § 270. Colloquialisms; § 271. Slang; § 272. Cant;

§ 273. Vulgarisms.

CHAPTER III. THE HARMONIOUS ARRANGEMENT OF Words...

254

§ 274. Harmonious Arrangement of Words requires Euphony and

Elegance; § 275. Harmonious Succession of Words; § 276. Modi-
fying Words; § 277. Impersonal Constructions; § 278. Appended

Clauses; § 279. Explanatory Words; § 280. Prepositions; § 281. Va-
riation of Connectives; § 282. Variety in Clauses; § 283. Co-ordina-
tion of Clauses; § 284. The Close of the Sentence.

CHAPTER IV. TRANSITIONS...

Page 261

§ 285. Harmony in General; § 286. The Introduction; § 287. Transi-

tions; § 288. The Formal Transition; § 289. The Elegant Transition;

$290. Paragraphs; § 291. Conclusion.

CHAPTER V.

WORD-PAINTING AND ONOMATOPOEIA.

265

§ 292. Word-Painting; § 293. The Music of Words; § 294. Onoma-

topoeia; § 295. In Poetry; § 296. In Prose; § 297. The Latin Element
in the English Language Invaluable for Purposes of Harmony.

§ 298. Rhythm in Poetry; § 299. Rhythm in Prose.

276

CHAPTER VII. QUALITIES OF STYLE ASSOCIATED WITH HARMONY.. 282

$ 300. Qualities of Style Conducive to Harmony; § 301. Figures of

Speech; § 302. Ease of Style; § 303. Ornament; § 304. Violations of
Elegance; $305. Carelessness; § 306. The Florid Style; § 307. The
Pretentious Style; § 308. Ostentation; § 309. Vulgarity.

PART IV.-METHOD.

CHAPTER I. SUBJECT-MATTER.

§ 310. Method Defined; § 311. Subject-Matter.

CHAPTER II. THE PURPOSE OF THE WRITER...

294

296

§ 312. The Purpose of the Writer; § 313. The Aim to Instruct;

§ 314. The Aim to Convince; § 315. The Aim to Persuade; § 316.
The Aim to Please; § 317. The Union of Different Aims.

CHAPTER III. MODES OF INVENTION...

304

$318. Two Kinds of Invention; § 319. Accumulative Invention;

§ 320. Creative Invention; § 321. The Real and the Ideal; § 322.

Poetic Fiction; § 323. Prose Fiction; § 324. The Two Kinds of In-

vention Intermingled; § 325. Of the Two Kinds, the Creative is the

Greater.

CHAPTER IV. THE STATUS...

309

§ 326. Arrangement of Subject-Matter; § 327. Status; § 328. Where

the Aim is to Instruct; § 329. Where the Aim is to Convince or Per-
suade; § 330. Leading Stages of Oratory; § 331. The Status where the
Aim is to Please; § 332. The Title.

CHAPTER V. CLASSIFICATION.

.....

315

§333. Classification; § 334. In Narrative; § 335. In Description;

§ 336. Grouping; § 337. In Exposition; § 338. Analysis and Synthesis;

§ 339. General and Particular Propositions.

CHAPTER VI. THE ORDER OF THOUGHT.

.. Page 325

§ 340. Order of Thought; § 341. Chronological; § 342. Logical;

§ 343. In Narration; § 344. Concurrent Streams; § 345. Retrogression ;

§ 346. Explanatory Narrative; § 347. Summary; § 348. In Exposition;

$ 349. Proof; $ 350. Refutation; § 351. Examples; § 352. Dramatic
Order of Thought; § 353. Scenic Order of Thought; § 354. Order of
Thought in Dramatic and Narrative Writing; § 355. General Rule.

CHAPTER VII.

ARGUMENTS..

347

§ 356. Arguments; § 357. Difference between Rhetoric and Logic;

§ 358. Logic Defined; § 359. Reasoning; § 360. Terms; § 361. Propo-

sitions; § 362. Definitions; § 363. Proof; § 364. Deduction; § 365. In-

duction; § 366. Mill's Four Experimental Methods of Inquiry; § 367.

Enthymeme; § 368. Kinds of Arguments; § 369. Causative; § 370.
Illustrative; § 371. Exemplative; § 372. Experience; § 373. Analogy ;
§ 374. Contrast; § 375. Application of the Different Classes of Argu-

ments.

CHAPTER VIII. THE PRESENTATION OF ARGUMENTS...

358

§ 376. Presentation of Arguments; § 377. Clearness of Statement and

Strengthening of Argument; § 378. Transition; § 379. Amplification;

$380. Diminution; § 381. Condensation; § 382. Comprehensiveness;

$ 383. Generalization; § 384. The Definite; § 385. Description in

Oratory; § 386. Emphasis of Propositions; § 387. Assertion; § 388.

Denial; § 389. Apophthegm; § 390. Digression; § 391. Repetition of

Propositions; § 392. Recapitulation.

CHAPTER IX. THE INTRODUCTION..

368

$393. Introduction; § 394. In Narrative; § 395. In the Drama ;

§ 396. In Oratory; § 397. The Introduction with Reference to its own

Character; § 398. General Nature of the Introduction; § 399. The

Preface.

CHAPTER X. THE CONCLUSION........

373

§ 400. The Conclusion; § 401. In Narrative Fiction; § 402. In His-

tory; § 403. In Biography; § 404. In the Drama; § 405. In Oratory;

§ 406. Different Kinds of Conclusion.

PART V.-THE EMOTIONS.

CHAPTER I. THE BEAUTIFUL.

380

$407. Influence of the Emotions in Literature; § 408. Classifica-

tion of the Emotions; § 409. Literary Esthetics; § 410. Theories

of the Beautiful; § 411. Definition of the Beautiful; § 412. Taste;

§ 413. The Beautiful in Nature; § 414. Color; § 415. Form or Fig-

ure; § 416. Motion; § 417. Sound; § 418. Proportion; § 419. Variety;

$420. Design; § 421. The Beautiful in Morals; § 422. The Beautiful in

Literature; § 423. Difference between the Ancient and Modern Idea

of the Beautiful.

CHAPTER II. THE SUBLIME...

. Page 395

§ 424. The Sublime; § 425. The Sublime in Nature-the Vast and

Boundless; § 426. Awe; § 427. The Moral Sublime; § 428. The Sub-

lime in Literature; § 429. Sources of the Sublime; § 430. Illustrations;

§ 431. Difference between the Sublime and the Beautiful.

CHAPTER III. THE RIDICULOUS..

404

§ 432. The Ridiculous; § 433. Wit; § 434. Humor; § 435. Wit and

Humor in English Literature; § 436. The Ridiculous in Literature;

§ 437. Without a Purpose; § 438. With a Purpose; § 439. Epigram;

§ 440. Squib; § 441. Pasquinade; § 442. Lampoon; § 443. Bon-Mot;

§ 444. Parody; § 445. Satirical Poetry in General; § 446. Satirical

Writings in Prose; § 447. Special Forms of the Ridiculous; § 448.

Banter; § 449. Chaff; § 450. Paronomasia; § 451. The Pun; § 452.

Retort; 453. Repartee; § 454. Double-Entendre; § 455. Buffoonery;

§ 456. Irony; § 457. Innuendo; § 458. Sarcasm; § 459. Sneer; § 460.

The Power of the Ridiculous; § 461. Legitimate Use of the Ridicu-

lous; § 462. Abuse of the Ridiculous.

CHAPTER IV. THE FANTASTIC.

§ 463. The Fantastic.

CHAPTER V. THE DESIRES..

428

430

§ 464. The Desires; § 465. Self-Preservation; § 466. Self-Esteem;

§ 467. Ambition; § 468. Avarice; § 469. The Desire for Knowledge.

§ 471. The Passions; § 472. Love; § 473. Aversion; § 474. Passions

associated with Happiness; § 475. Passions associated with Sorrow.

CHAPTER VIII. LITERATURE OF THE DESIRES, AFFECTIONS, AND PAS-

SIONS....

....

442

§ 476. Literature of the Affections and Passions; § 477. Expressing

Happiness; § 478. Sorrow; § 479. The Pathetic in the Sacred Scrip-

tures; § 480. In Classical Literature; § 481. In Medieval Literature;

§ 482. In Modern Literature; § 483. The Pathetic an Animating Ele-

ment in Literature.

CHAPTER IX. FORMS OF EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH THE EMO-

TIONS AND PASSIONS.
448

§ 484. Forms of Expression relating to the Emotions; § 485. Where

Superiority is Implied; § 486. Inferiority; § 487. Equality; § 488.

Personal Reference.

PART VI.-THE GENERAL DEPARTMENTS OF

LITERATURE.

CHAPTER I.

DESCRIPTION..

. Page 456

§ 489. Literature Defined and Classified; § 490. Objective Descrip-

tion; § 491. Subjective Description; § 492. The Two Kinds United.

CHAPTER II. NARRATION.

§ 493. Narration; § 494. Objective; § 495. Subjective.

461

CHAPTER III. EXPOSITION.

466

§ 496. Exposition; § 497. Outline of Human Knowledge; § 498.

Classification of Expository Writings.

CHAPTER IV.

ORATORY...

469

§ 499. Oratory; § 500. Debate; § 501. Controversial; § 502. Parlia-

mentary.

CHAPTER V. THE TACTICS OF ORATORY,.

474

§ 503. Tactics of Oratory; § 504. Conciliation; § 505. Self-Deprecia-

tion;506. Compliment; § 507. Thanks; § 508. Concession; § 509.

Confession; § 510. Permission; § 511. Consultation with the Audience;

§ 512. Emphasis; § 513. Statement of the Necessity of a Case; § 514.

Statement of a Future Occurrence; § 515. Dwelling upon a Proposi-

tion; § 516. Rapid Mention; § 517. Holding the Audience in Sus-

pense; § 518. Preparation for What is to Follow; § 519. Unexpected

Statement; § 520. Reference to Past Events; § 521. Possibility Con-

trasted with Reality; § 522. Explanation; § 523. Statement of the

Reason for a Thing; § 524. Answers to Objections; § 525. Anticipa-

tion of Objections.

CHAPTER VI. THE ARTIFICES OF ORATORY...........

485

§ 526. Artifices of Oratory; § 527. Expression of Doubt or Igno-

rance; § 528. Intentional Omission of Words; § 529. Withdrawal of an

Expression; § 530. Apparent Intent; § 531. Supposed Case; § 532.

Other Forms of Artifice.

CHAPTER VII.

ATTACK AND DEFENCE...

491

§ 533. Attack and Defence; § 534. Attack; § 535. Personal Attack;

§ 536. Incidental Reference; § 537. Side-Thrust; § 538. Defence;

$539. Strict Defence; § 540. Indirect Reply; § 541. Defence turned

into Attack; § 542. Testimony of an Adversary,