There is also another way of expreffing the Future Time.

For if we confider the Time to come of the Action as finished; or if we confider two Things to come, one of which is fuppofed to be paft, before the other will be done, we exprefs that Time by the adding of have to shall or will.

The Future Time of the Action not finished is thus expreffed: As,

Singular. I fall have burned, thou shalt have burned or you hall have burned, he shall have burned. Plural. We all have burned, ye hall have burned or you fall have burned, they fall have burned.

This Tenfe you may call the fecond Future.

N. B. Shall is often omitted or left out; as, If ke write, for fhall write; If he bave written, for fball have written. The Prefent and Preter Times are alio frequently ufed inftead of this, and the other Future Time: As, When he writes, for when he fall write; when he has written, for when he bail have written.

A Scheme of the Tenfes of the Verb Alive, confidering the Action as imperfect or not finished, or perfect and finished.

1. The prefent Time of the imperfect Action.

Sing. I burn or do burn, thou burneft or doft burn, or you burn or do burn, he burneth [burns] or doth burn. Plural. We burn or do burn, ye or you burn or do burn, they burn or do burn.

11. The Preter Time of the imperfect Altion.

Sing. I was burning, thou waft or you was burning, he was burning. Plural. We were burning, ye or you were burning, they were burning.

III. The Future Time of the imperfect Action.
Sing. I fall burn, thou fhalt or you fhall burn,

he

he fhall burn. Plural. We fhall burn, ye or you fhall burn, they fhall burn.

Or, Sing. I will burn, thou wilt or you will burn, he will burn. Plural. We will burn, ye or you will burn, they will burn.

IV. The Prefent Time of the Perfect Action. As, Sing. I have burned, thou haft or you have burned, he hath or has burned. Plural. We have burned, ye or you have burned, they have burned,

V. The Preter Time of the Perfect Action.

Sing. I burned, thou burnedit or you burned, heburned. Plural. We burned, ye or you burned, they burned.

Or thus, Sing. I had burned, thou hadst or you had burned, he had burned. Plural. We have burned, ye or you had burned, they had burned.

Or thus, Sing. I did burn, thou didst or you did burn, he did burn. Plural. We did burn, ye or you did burn, they did burn.

VI. The Future Time of the Perfect Action. Sing. I fhall have burned, thou shalt or you fall have burned, he fhall have burned. Plural. We fhall have burned, ye or you thall have burned, they fhall have burned.

Or, Sing. I will have burned, thou wilt or you will have burned, he will have burned. Plural. We will have burned, ye or you will have burned, they will have burned.

Questions relating to the Sixteenth Chapter.

Q. When may I use the Prefent Tense without the Verb do?

4. When you fimply or barely affirm the Thing to be fo or fo; as, I burn, I love, I read, &c. Q When do you use do, to denote the Prefent · Tonfe?

A. When you would exprefs the Action more diftinctly or fully, or when I deny the Thing to

be fo or fo; as, I do love it dearly, I do read, I do not logge him.

Q. When do you exprefs the Prefent Time by am, and the Active Participle?

A. When I would exprefs that I am now a doing the Thing, or my Continuance in doing it; as, I am reading now, I am now burning. The Prefent. Time is alio moft frequently thus expreffed, in anfwer to the Queftion, What are you doing? A. I: am writing, I am reading.

And fo likewife are the other Tenfes often expreffed by this Verb and the Active Participle; as, What was you a doing? A. I was playing. What have you been doing? A. I have been reading,

Q. When do you use the Preter Tenfe without the Verbs, have, had, &c.

A. When I would denote the Action as past, without determining or naming the Time when the Thing was done; as, Iloved, I burned, I wrote, I taught.

Q. When do you exprefs the Preter Time by the help of the Verb have?

A. When I say that the Thing is precisely or juft done, or that it is already done; as, I have fought, or I have been fighting; I have burned the Paper, or I have been burning it. The Preter Time is always thus exprelled in anfwer to the Question, Have you done it? As, Have you danced? I have [danced]. Has Charles played? He has [played],

N. B. Danced and played are put into Crotchets, because in answer to the Queftion made by have, the Participle Paffive is felcom expreffed; as, Have you fupt? A. I have.

Have, is also used in the Question How often? and in answer to it, when the particular Time is not ipecihed. How often have you feen the King?

I have feen him fifty times. But if the precife Time is expreft, we ufe did, an Interrogative, and the Preter Time without the Helping Verb in the Anfwer; as, Did you fee the King when you were at Kenfington? Yes, I faw him twice.

Q. When is the Preter Time to be expreffed by the Verb was, and the Active Participle?"

A. When we would exprefs the Time paft of an imperfect or unfinished Action, (or when we would exprefs, that at fome Time paft fomething was then a doing, but not finished;) as, I was jupping, or --I was then at Supper.

Q. When do you express the Preter or paft Time by the Verb had?

A. When we would denote a Time as past, before fome other Time past; as, I had read it before he came.

Or, when we would denote or mark the Time paft of an Action not done, only defigned; as, I I had watered the Garden, if I could have found the

Pot.

Q. When is the Preter or past Time to le expreffed by did?

A. when we would exprefs the Time paft in an emphatical or full manner; as, I did burn it, not Peter.

Or, when the Adverb not is added to the Verb; as, I did not burn the Houfe, I did not do it.

Q. When do you exprefs the Future Time by will? A. When I promife or threaten to do a Thing; as, I will fludy, I will punish you.

Q. When is the Future Time to be expressed by fall?

A. When one fimply foretells the Thing; as, I fall go, I ball lofe it, I shall die.

Q. When must I use the second Future Time?

A,

A. When you would denote or exprefs an Action that will be paft, before another will be finithed; as, I shall have dined, before he will

come.

CHAP. XVII.

Of the Formation of the Times of the Verb Paffive.

THE Verb Paffive is expreffed by the help of the Verb am or be, and the Paffive Participle; burned.

as,

I am

The Prefent Time is thus expreffed,

Sing. I am burned, thou art or you are burned, he is burned. Plural. We are burned, ye or you are burned, they are burned.

But the other Formation be, is used in a depending Sentence, after the Conjunctions if, although, &c. As, If I be burned, although he be burned, &c.

N. B. When the Paffive Participle ends in en, (for there are feveral irregular ones, that end thus) this en is frequently neglected in the Tenfes of the Active Verb formed by have and had; as, I have or I had spoke to him. Yet when this Participle is ufed as an Adjective, or helps to make the Paffive Verb, it is better and more usual to use the Ending en; as, It is a written Book, not a writt Book; it is fpoken abroad, not spoke abroad; it was written,

not writ.

There are three Preter Times; which are thus expreffed,

The first Preter. abfolute, commonly called the Preter-imperfect Time; as,