Scale of drawing.

Letters of ref grence.

Signatures of inventor and vit Besses.

ance of this rule the effectiveness of the work after reduction will be much increased. Shading (except on sectional views) should be used only on convex and concave surfaces, where it should be used sparingly, and may even there be dispensed with if the drawing is otherwise well executed. The plane upon which a sectional view is taken should be indicated on the general view by a broken or dotted line. Heavy lines on the shade sides of objects should be used, except where they tend to thicken the work and obscure letters of reference. The light is always supposed to come from the upper left-hand corner at an angle of forty-five degrees. Imitations of wood or surface graining should not be attempted.

(5) The scale to which a drawing is made ought to be
large enough to show the mechanism without
crowding, and two or more sheets should be used
if one does not give sufficient room to accomplish
this end; but the number of sheets must never be
more than is absolutely necessary.

(6) The different views should be consecutively num
bered. Letters and figures of reference must be care-
fully formed. They should, if possible, measure at
least one-eighth of an inch in height, so that they
may bear reduction to one twenty-fourth of an
inch; and they may be much larger when there is
sufficient room. They must be so placed in the
close and complex parts of drawings as not to in-
terfere with a thorough comprehension of the same,
and therefore should rarely cross or mingle with
the lines. When necessarily grouped around a
certain part, they should be placed at a little dis-
tance, where there is available space, and con-
nected by short broken lines with the parts to
which they refer. They must never appear upon
shaded surfaces, and when it is difficult to avoid
this, a blank space must be left in the shading where
the letter occurs, so that it shall appear perfectly
distinct and separate from the work. If the same
part of an invention appear in more than one view
of the drawing it must always be represented by
the same character, and the same character must
never be used to designate different parts.
(7) The signature of the inventor should be placed at
the lower right-hand corner of each sheet, and the

signatures of the witnesses at the lower left-hand
corner, all within the marginal line, but in no in-
stance should they trespass upon the drawings.
(See specimen drawing, Appendix.) The title Title.
should be written with pencil on the back of the
sheet. The permanent names and title will be sup
plied subsequently by the office in uniform style.

When views are longer than the width of the sheet, Large views.
the sheet should be turned on its side, and the
heading will be placed at the right and the signa-
tures at the left, occupying the same space and posi-
tion as in the upright views, and being horizontal
when the sheet is held in an upright position; and
all views on the same sheet must stand in the same
direction.

zette.

(8) As a rule, one view only of each invention can be Figure for Ga
shown in the Gazette illustrations. The selection
of that portion of a drawing best calculated to ex-
plain the nature of the specific improvement would
be facilitated and the final result improved by the
judicious execution of a figure with express refer-
ence to the Gazette, but which might at the same
time serve as one of the figures referred to in the
specification. For this purpose the figure may be
a plan, elevation, section, or perspective view, ac-
cording to the judgment of the draftsman. It
must not cover a space exceeding 16 square inches.
All its parts should be especially open and distinct,
with very little or no shading, and it must illustrate
the invention claimed only, to the exclusion of all
other details. (See specimen drawing.) When
well executed, it will be used without curtailment
or change; but any excessive fineness, or crowding,
or unnecessary elaborateness of detail will necessi-
tate its exclusion from the Gazette.

rolled for trans-
mission.

vertisement,

or

address permit-
ted on face of
drawings."

(9) Drawings should be rolled for transmission to the Drawings to be office, not folded. An agent's or attorney's stamp, or advertisement, No stamp, ador written address will not be permitted upon the face of a drawing, within or without the marginal line. 52. In certain cases these rules may be modified as to 1887-51. drawings for designs. (See rules for designs, 83 and 84.) designs. 53. All reissue applications must be accompanied by new drawings, of the character required in original applications, reissue applica

Drawings for

1887-52.
Drawings for

tions.

- L

4895.

Rev. Stat., sec. and the inventor's name must appear upon the same in all cases; and such drawings shall be made upon the same scale as the original drawing, or upon a larger scale, unless a reduction of scale shall be authorized by the Commissioner.

1887-53.

Defective draw

ings.

1887-51.

54. The foregoing rules relating to drawings will be rigidly enforced. Every drawing not artistically executed in conformity thereto may be admitted for purposes of examination if it sufficiently illustrates the invention; but in such cases a new drawing must be furnished before the application can be allowed. The office will make the necessary corrections at the applicant's option and cost.

55. Applicants are advised to employ competent artists to Drawings furnished by office. make their drawings.

1887-55. Rev. Stat., sec. 4891.

required.

The office will furnish the drawings at cost, as promptly as its draftsmen can make them, for applicants who can not otherwise conveniently procure them.

No employés of the Patent Office, except those regularly assigned to such duty, shall make any drawings, whether copies or originals, for applicants, agents, or attorneys.

THE MODEL.

56. Preliminary examinations will not be made for the Models, when purpose of determining whether models are required in particular cases. Applications complete in all other respects will be sent to the examining divisions, whether models are or are not furnished. A model will only be required or admitted as a part of the application when on examination of the case in its regular order the primary examiner shall find it to be necessary or useful. In such case, if a model has not been furnished, the examiner shall notify the appli cant of such requirement, which will constitute an official action in the case. When a model is received in compliance with the official requirement, the date of its filing shall be entered on the file-wrapper. Models not required nor admitted, if already filed, will be returned to the applicants. When a model is required, the examination will be suspended until it shall have been filed. From a decision of the primary examiner overruling a motion to dispense with a model an appeal may be taken to the Commissioner in person, under the provisions of Rule 145.

57. The model must clearly exhibit every feature of the machine which forms the subject of a claim of invention, but should not include other matter than that covered by the actual invention or improvement, unless it be necessary to the exhibition of the invention in a working model.

Material

58. The model must be neatly and substantially made of 1887-57. durable material, metal being deemed preferable; but when dimensions. the material forms an essential feature of the invention, the model should be constructed of that material. The mode! must not be more than one foot in length, width, or height, except in cases in which the Commissioner shall admit working models of complicated machines of larger dimensions. If made of wood, it must be painted or varnished. Glue must not be used; but the parts should be so connected as to resist the action of heat or moisture. When practicable, to prevent loss, the model or specimen should have the name of the inventor permanently fixed thereon. In cases where models are not made strong and substantial, as here directed, the application will not be examined until a proper model is furnished.

els.

and

Working mod.

Rev. Stat., sec.

485.

Models in re

jected and aban

59. A working model is often desirable, in order to enable 1887-58. the office fully and readily to understand the precise operation of the machine. 60. In all applications which have remained rejected for 1887-59. more than two years the model, unless it is deemed necessary that it should be preserved in the office, may be returned to the applicant upon demand and at his expense; and the model in any pending case of less than two years' standing may be returned to the applicant upon the filing of a formal abandonment of the application, signed by the applicant in person. (See Rule 171.)

doned cases.

ented cases.

Models belonging to patented cases shall not be taken Models in patfrom the office except in the custody of some sworn employé of the office specially authorized by the Commissioner. 61. Models filed as exhibits in contested cases may, at 1887-60. his expense and upon his order, be returned to the applicant. If not claimed within a reasonable time, they may be disposed of at the discretion of the Commissioner.

SPECIMENS.

Models filed as

exhibits.

1887-61.
Rev. Stat., sec.

62. When the invention or discovery is a composition of matter, the applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall 4890. furnish specimens of the composition, and of its ingredients, Specimens. sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment. In all cases where the article is not perishable, a specimen of the composition claimed, put up in proper form to be preserved by the office, must be furnished. (Rules 56, 60, and 61 apply to specimens also.)

1887-62.

Order of exam. ination.

Privileged

cases.

1887-63.

Questions of

form.

THE EXAMINATION.

63. Applications filed in the Patent Office are classified according to the various arts, and are taken up for examination in regular order of filing, those in the same class of invention being examined and disposed of, as far as prac ticable, in the order in which the respective applications are completed.

The following new applications have preference over all other new cases at every period of their examination in the order enumerated:

(1) Applications wherein the inventions are deemed of peculiar importance to some branch of the public service, and when for that reason the head of some Department of the Government specially requests immediate action, and the Commissioner so orders. (2) Applications for extensions.

(3) Applications for reissues.

(4) Applications and interferences involving the same, covering inventions patented by the same inventor in foreign countries.

(5) Applications which appear to interfere with other applications previously considered and found to be allowable, or which it is demanded shall be placed in interference with an unexpired patent or patents.

The following applications, previously acted upon, will have preference over other business:

(1) Cases remanded by an appellate tribunal for further action, and statements of grounds of decisions provided for in Rules 135 and 145.

(2) Applications which have been put into condition for further action by the examiner shall be entitled to precedence over new applications in the same class of invention.

(3) Applications which have been renewed or revived but the subject-matter not changed.

(4) When the inventor dies and his executor or administrator files a new application for the same invention, the new application may be given the same status in the order of examination as the original by order of the Commissioner.

64. The first step in the examination of an application will be to determine whether it is, in all respects, in proper form. If, however, the objections as to form are not vital, the examiner shall proceed to the consideration of the appli