movement of these products. It is rather surprising to note the large number of products made from the cottonseed.

Then I have a table showing the amount of cottonseed produced and crushed, oil and meal produced and exported, and number of vegetable-oil refineries, by States. While crushing usually occurs in cotton-producing States, it does not always occur in the State where the cottonseed is produced. This is illustrated by the map, exhibit 6-B, which gives the location of active crushing mills in 1933-34. The refineries are very frequently in States far distant f in the Cotton Belt. Perhaps I should point out that most of our cottonseed moves from gins within an area of 100 miles from the crusher. We find some interstate movement to the city of Memphis, where cotton from the Arkansas and Mississippi deltas cross the State lines going to Memphis; but the crude oil is sold to refineries no only in the Cotton Belt, but in Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin, far outside the Cotton Belt.

I submit table X, showing the production and export of cotton linters, as produced from cottonseed. I just point out that in 1933 and 1934 approximately one-fifth to one-fourth was exported and therefore moved in foreign commerce.

TABLE X.-Cotton linters, production and exports, 1928-34, in runing bales

1 Bureau or the Census, Cotton Production and Distribution, Bulletin 171, pp. 27 and 36.

Table XI shows the number of cottonseed-oil refineries, by types of organization. Group 1, cottonseed-oil companies, shows three chains controlling 15 refineries and 29 independent plants. Group 2 is packing companies, with four chains having a total of 23 plants.

Senator O'MAHONEY. To what do you refer as "packing companies"?

Mr. MYERS. Swift, Armour, Wilson, and Cudahy.

Group 3 is food companies, one chain controlling three plants. We have one chain of soap companies controlling three plants. Then we have a miscellaneous classification into which several independents fall. In all, we have 95 cottonseed-oil refineries, 44 of which are in chains and 51 of which are listed as independents. These data were taken from the trade journal of the cottonseed industry.

Table XII shows the cottonseed crushing mills in the United States. The data were taken from the international cottonseedproducts directory. It shows the name of the company, its location, the number of plants, and the number of crushers. Of the larger companies, there are 27 having a total of 232 mills, while of the independents there are 292 mills, so that approximately half the crushing mills are members of large chain organizations and approximately half are independents.

TABLE XII.-Cottonseed crushing mills in the United States

From International Cottonseed Products Directory, 1934-35. Published by Cotton and Cotton Oil Press, Dallas, Tex.

TABLE XII.-Cottonseed crushing mills in the United States-Continued I. LARGE COTTONSEED CRUSHING COMPANIES-Continued

Senator O'MAHONEY. What are your conclusions from all this material?

Mr. MYERS. Perhaps I could present it in a summary. The facts which I have presented here briefly show there is an interstate movement of both cotton and cottonseed, but especially of raw cotton, from the point of production to the point of ultimate consumption. In the case of cotton we have a further interstate movement from the point of production to the point of first consumption, the spinning and weaving mills, a further interstate movement to the point of knitting and finishing the garments, and then the finished products move in interstate commerce in reaching the ultimate consumer. We find the companies handling this commerce are in part large companies doing business in many States, and in part small companies with headquarters in one State but shipping to many States. Senator AUSTIN. Are they competitors?

Mr. MYERS. There is every reason to believe that the cotton merchants and cotton mills are competitive. I know of no evidence to the contrary.

Senator Ŏ'MAHONEY. Do you care to add anything else?

Mr. MYERS. I have finished.

Senator O'MAHONEY. The committee will stand adjourned subject to the call of the chairman. I shall undertake to communicate with the other members of the committee and announce the next hearing date.

(Whereupon, at 12:15 p. m., the subcommittee adjourned, subject to the call of the chairman.)

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