8. Dom, the place where, or rank of: as, dukedom, the rank of a duke. 9. Hood, the state of: as, boyhood, the state of a boy. Ship, office of, state of: as, rectorship, the office of a rector. 10. T, th, a thing, a being: as, gift, a thing given; length, a being long. § 29. ADJECTIVES. 1. Ac, al, ical, an, ar, ary, ic, id, ine, ory, belonging to, relating, or pertaining to: as, demoniac, belonging to the devil; filial, belonging to a son. Aceous, of, consisting of, like: as, cetaceous, of the whale kind. Ant, ent, being as, abundant, abounding. Ate, having, being: as, affectionate, having affection. 2. Ble, may be, or can be, fit to be: as, portable, that may earried. 3. En, made of: as, silken, made of silk. be Escent, growing or becoming: as petrescent, becoming stone. 4. Ful, full of: as, hopeful, full of hope. 5. Ile, belonging to, may, or can be: as, flexile, may be bent. Ish, belonging to, like, little of: as, childish, like a child. Ive, having power, that can: as, persuasive, having power to persuade. 6. Less, without: as, artless, without art. Like, ly, like, or resembling as, manlike, like a man. 7. Ose, ous, full of, given to : as, verbose, full of words; contentious, given to contention. 8. Some, somewhat, full of: as, frolicsome, full of frolic. 9. Ward, in the direction of, or looking towards: as, inward, looking towards the inside. § 30. AFFIXES TO VERBS. 1. Ate, en, fy, ish, ize, ise, to make, to give, to put: as, renovate, to make new again; blacken, to make black; fortify, to make strong; establish, to make firm; fertilize, to make fruitful. § 31. ROOTS. We only insert a few of the roots, referring the pupil to Orwald's Etymological Dictionary, which has a fund of knowledge, and ought to be examined by all. 1. Ag-o, actum, to do, to act, to lead, to guide: as, agent, one who acts (for another;) actor, navigate. Alter, another as, alterable, that may be changed. Anim-us, the mind, or thinking principle: as, animadvert, to turn the mind; unanimity, being of one mind. Ann-us, a year: as, annual, pertaining to the year; biennial, belonging to two years. Anthrop-os, a man: as, philanthropy, the love of man. Arche, the beginning, rule, government: as, patriarch, a ruler of a family; monarch, one who rules alone. Arm-a, arms: as, armipotent, one who is powerful in Ars, art-is, an art, skill: as, artful, full of art. Astr-on, a star: as, astronomy, the science of the stars; astrol, astrology, astrologer. Audi-o, to hear: as, audible, that may be heard; audime, auditor, inaudible. Avant, before, forward: as, vancourier, one who runs before; avantguard or vanguard, advance, vantage. § 32. Bene, good, well: as, benedict, to say well; benefaction, benevolent. Bini, two by two; bis, twice: as, biped, two footed; biennial, bifarious, bivalve, biscuit. Bole-o, to cast, to throw, to put: as, problem, any thing put forward (for solution;) bolt, emblem, symbolize. Bellum, war: as, rebel, to war back, or to oppose. Cad-o, casum, to fall: as, casual, belonging to a fall, or accident; coincidence, a falling together; decay, cadence, accident. Caed-o, caesum, to cut, to kill: as filicide, killing a son; infanticide, killing an infant; fanicide, excision, incide. Cande-o, to be white, to set on fire: as, incendiary, one who sets houses on fire; candent, incense, candid, candidate, candle. Cano, cantum, to sing: as, canticle, a little song; accent, charmer, descant, canto, subchanter. Capi-o, captum, to take, to take in or up, to hold or contain: as, captive, one taken (in war;) exception, a taking out; participate, to take a part in ; capacity, captor, deceit, conceive. Caput, itis, the head: as, capital, belonging to the head; cap, captain, chapter, bicipital. Caro, carnis, flesh: as, carniverous, eating flesh; carnal, carnation; charnel, carnelion or cornelion. Caus-a, a cause, origin, a reason: as, accuse, to lay a cause, (to blame ;) causes, excuse, causal, recuse. Ced-o, cessum, to go, to give up: as, intercessor, one who goes between; accede, to give up to, to come to. Cern-o, cretum, to separate, to sift, to see, to judge: as, discern, to see; secret, separate and laid aside; discreet, secrete, decree, concern, excuse. Cit-o, to call, to cite, to stir up: as, excite, to call out ; incite, misquote, recite. Clam-o, to cry, to call: as, exclaim, to cry out; clamors, misclaim, unclaimed. Claud-o, clausum, to shut, to close: as, exclude, to shut out; include, to shut in; closer, seclude. Col-o, cultum, to till, to inhabit: as, cultivate, that may be tilled; culture, auscultation. Cor, cordis, the heart: as, discord, heart asunder; accord, concord, record. Corpus, corpor-is, a body: as, corporal, belonging to the body; corps, corpuscle, corporation. Cred-o, creditum, to believe, to trust: as, credit, belief of, or trust; credent, creed, credulity. Cre-o, creatum, to make out of nothing: as, creature, the thing created; recreate, creator. Cresc-o, cretum, to grow, to increase: as, concrete, growing together; increase, cresive, recruit. Cura, care, concern: as, curate, one who has care of souls; careful, secure, sinecure. Curro, cursum, to run: as, excursion, a running out; incur, courier, courant. Cuti-o, cussum, to shake: as, concussion, a shaking together; discuss, excuss, percussion. 33. Damn-um, loss, hurt: as, condemn, damage, indemnify. Deca, decem, tem: as, decimal, numbered by ten; decade. Dens, dentis, a tooth: as, dental, belonging to the teeth; trident, indent, dentist. Di-es, a day: as, diary, a book for every day; triduan, meridian, diurnal. Dic-o, dicatum, to set apart, to show, to denote: as, dedicate, to set apart; index, to show, or point out; indication. Dic-o, dictum, to speak, to say: as, benediction, saying good; predict, to say before; interdict, malediction. Dign-us, worthy: as, dignify, to make worthy; condign, indign, disdain. Do, datum, to give: as, donor, one who gives; edition, a giving out; addible, outdate, recondite.. Doce-o, doctum, to teach: as, docile, easy to be taught. Dole-o, to grieve, to be in pain: as, dolesome, somewhat full of pain; indolent, condole. Dubi-us, doubtful: as, indubious, not doubtful; dubious. Duco, ductum, to bring, to lead: as, ductile, that may be bent; adduce, conducive, deduce. Du-o, two: as, duel, a fight between two; deuce, doubling, duplicate. Dur-us, hard, solid: as, durate, to make hard; durous, obduracy, indurate, during. § 34. Em-0, emptum, to bury: as, exempt, bought from ; redeemer, one who buys back. Eo, it-us, gone: as, ambition, a going round; exit, gone out ; sedition, obit, tansit, initiate. Equ-us, even, equal, just: as, equinox, equal day and night; equivalent, equity, equator. Err-o, to wander, to mistake: as, erroneous, wandering; err, error, arrant, oberr. Eu, well, good: as, eulogy, a speaking good; evangelist, eucharist. Exter-us, outside, foreign: as, external, belonging to the outside; exotic, foreign; external, exterior. 35. Faci-es, the make or form of any thing, the face: as, efface, to put the make or form out; faceless, surface, fashion. Faci-o, factum, to make, to do, to cause, to give: as, manufacture, to make with the hand; perfect, thoroughly done; artificial, made by art; horrific, causing horror; beatify, edify, deficit, affect, fiat, fact, refit, suffice. Fall-o, falsum, to slip, to deceive: as, falsify, to make false ; rifle, fallacious. Fa-ri, to speak: as, infant, not able to speak; preface, to speak before. Fend-o, fensum, to keep off, to strike: as, defend, to keep off; fence, fend, offend. Fer-o, to carry, or bear, to bring: as, suffer, to bear under; biferous, bearing two; prefer, vociferate. Fid-es, faith, credit, trust: as, confide, trusting together; affy, modified, fiducial, infidel. Fini-s, the end, a bound: as, finite, having limits; confine, to put ends together. Firm-us, stable, firm, strong: as, confirm, to strengthen together; affirm, firmament. Flect-o, flexum, to bend, to change: as, deflect, to turn down, reflection, the act of bending back; inflect. Flos, flor-is, a flower, a blossom: as, floral, relating to flowers; florid, floweret, reflourish. Flu-o, fluxum, to flow: as, affluent, flowing to; reflux, flowing back; fluor, effluvia. Form-a, a form, a figure: as, transform, to change the form; formation, triform, multiform, enform, cruciform. Fort-is, strong, valiant: as, fortify, to make strong; fort, deforce, fortitude, forcer. Frang-o, fractum, to break: as, fraction, the act of breaking; fragor, frail, infract, saxifrage. Fund-o, fusum, to pour, to melt: as, confound, to pour together, (to perplex ;) fusible, that may be melted; offuse, suffuse, refund, infusion. § 36. 1. Ge, the earth: as, geography, description of the earth; apogee, from the earth; george, geometry. Genus, gener-is, a race, a family, a kind: as, gender, sex, or kind; generous, of noble birth; genuine, of one's own production; ungentle, unregenerate. Ger-o, gestum, to bear, to bring: as, ingest, to throw with the stomach; jester, egest, vicegerent. Gradi-o, gressus, to go step by step: as, transgress, to go beyond; aggress, to go to, (to assault;) digress, undergraduate. Graph-o, to trace lines, to write, to describe: as, autograph, the handwriting of any one; graphic, well described; engrave, anagram, geography. Grati-a, favor, thankfulness: as, gratify, to make grateful; agree, gratis, greet. Gravis, heavy, weighty: as, gravitate, to tend to the centre; gravely, grief, ingravidate. 2. Habeo, habitum, to have, to hold: as, exhibit, to hold out; prohabit, to hold forward; inhibit, inhabile, able. Haer-o, haesum, to stick: as, adhere, to stick to ; coherent, inhere, inhesion. 37. 1. Jac-io, jactum, to throw, to cast, to dart: as, eject, to throw out; subjection, throwing or placing under. Judic-o, judicatum, to give sentence, to judge: as, judicial, relating to a judge; prejudice, judgment formed beforehand. |