Shamefast, x. 15, (now) shamefaced. A. S. sceamfæst; it has no connexion at all with the face; cp. stedfast, fast in its place.

Share, ii. 18, portion, piece. A. S. scéran, to shear, share, to divide; so shears, plough-share, shard, scar, shred, sheer.

Shew, iii. 10, sign or track (as of passers by).

Shine, x. 67, bright light, sheen; so Ps. 97. 4, "His lightnings gave shine unto the world," and Milton, Ode xxii., “girt with taper's holy shine.” Gloss. II. Sheen.

Shrilling, v. 6, pres. part. of to shrill, to sound loud and sharp. Gloss. II. Shroud, i. 6, to take shelter (from a storm).

Sign, x. 61, watchword. We still speak of the countersign.

Silly, i. 30; ii. 21, harmless, simple; thence foolish. A. S. sæl, time, luck, happiness; adj. sál, prosperous, good, ge-selig, happy; Ger. selig.

Sink, i. 22, hoard, deposit, first of treasure, afterwards of anything, fair or foul. A.S. sinc, gathered treasure.

Sithens, iv. 5; ix. 8, since (so also sith, vii. 22); A. S. síð, lately; and subs. sið, path, journey, thence time; so in Scotland still syne, time, "auld lang syne." All the forms of this word had originally both the illative and the temporal signification; but in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, sith came to be used specially as the illative, and sithence, since, as the temporal conj. Spenser, however, here uses both sithens and sith as causal only. See Marsh on the English Language, Lect. xxvi. Slight, vii. 30; viii. 23, trick, device; so sleight of hand.'

Snaggy, vii. 10, covered with snags, or knots (of a club); a word now wrongly deemed an 'Americanism.'

Snub, viii. 7, knob, of a knotty club.

Solemnize, x. 4, solemn rite (a subst.).

Sooth, iii. 29, truth; so soothsayer. A. S. soð.

Souce, v. 8, to dash violently, the same word as souse.

Souse, iii. 31, to immerse; especially in salt water; (Fr. sous, Lat. sub; or from Lat. salsum, Dut. soute.

Sowne, i. 41, sound; also written soun, soune. Fr. son, It. suono, Lat. sonus. So Chaucer spells it, Boke of the Duchesse, 162, "That made a dedely slepynge soune."

Sperse, i. 39; iv. 48, disperse. Lat. spargere, sparsus.

Spill, iii. 43, to ravage. To spill and to spoil are not the same word:

Chaucer,

spill is from A. S. spillan, to waste, destroy, cp. Ger. verspillen; spoil, from Lat. spoliare, to take away the dress or armour, to strip. Clerkes Tale, iii. 55, has "that ye may save or spille."

Spoused, x. 4, betrothed.

Spread, xii. 11, to spread himself over, cover.

Spy, ii. 17, espial, keen looking and espying.

Stadle, vi. 14, staff, prop, (wherewith to stay his feet); from A. S. staðol, foundation, stede-dæl. Richardson, Dict., v. staddle, says, “Anything that remains standing, as young trees left uncut, and (as in Spenser) a staff cut from such trees."

Starke, i. 44, stiffened. Ger. stark, strong.

Stayre, iv. 13, step.

Sted, iv. 2; viii. 17; ix. 41; xi. 46, place; so "in my stead" is still used.

A. S. stede, place, as in home-stead, bed-stead, stedfast, steady. Though the Danish stedfader, stedbroder, &c. are connected with this word, the Engl. stepfather, &c. comes from another source.

Stew, xi. 44, hot, steaming place. Fr. to estuver, to stew, or bathe; estuve, stove. Again A. S. stofa, bath or stove; Ger. stube, whence comes the L. Lat. stuba.

Stint, ix. 29, to put an end to, used of strife. So stunted is used of trees whose growth is stopped. A. S. stintan, to be blunt, dull, faint.

Stole, i. 4; xii. 22, a long robe; not the strip of black silk familiar to the English clergy. Gr. σToλos.

Stound, vii. 25; viii. 12, 25, 38; xi. 36, a minute, or portion of time. A. S. stund, a short space of time, from the verb standan; Ger. stund, an hour.

66

Stoup, xi. 18, swoop, or stoop; used particularly in falconry, of a hawk swooping down upon a bird. So Ben Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3, has Here stands my dove: stoop at her, if you dare." Connected with stoop, steep. Stowre, ii. 7; iii. 30; iv. 46; v. 51; vii. 12; viii. 5; x. 40, disturbance, stir as of battle. A. S. stýrian, to stir, move; O. N. stúror, sorrow, disturbance; Scottish stour, din of battle.

Stub, ix. 34, stock of tree; so our verb to stub up,' of roots, and stubble. Stye, xi. 25, to mount, ascend. A.S. stig, a path; stígan, to ascend. Connected with this are our words stage, stalk, stile (stigel), stair, stirrup (=sty-rope). In Yorkshire, stee is used for a ladder. Horne Tooke adds stag to this list, by reason of his lofty head. Ger. steigen, Dan. stige. Sty in the eye is a swelling or rising. Spenser himself, in his View of the State of Ireland, says, "The stirrup was so called, in scorn, as it were a stay to get up; being derived from the Old Engl. word sty, which is to get up or mount;" which shews that Spenser clearly regarded the verb as obsolete. Suffised, ii. 43, satisfied.

Sup, iv. 22, drink. A. S. sipan, to sip. A word formed from the sound. Suspect, vi. 13, suspicion, Swayne, viii. 13, youth, properly a labourer; from A. S. swán, a herdsman, servant, connected with swincan, to labour, to swink; Dan. svend, youth, servant, journeyman; so in boatswain, coxswain.

Swelt, vii. 6, swelled, or sweltered. A. S. swélan, to be hot, burn, to sweal (of a candle).

Swinge, xi. 26, to singe, Or it may here mean to strike, from A. S. swingan, to beat, strike.

T.

Table, ix. 49, picture. Fr. tableau, Lat. tabula; so in the phrase "the table of Apelles;" it was "a pictured table, representing on one side the beauty of sobriety, on the other the deformity of drunkenness."-Bailey's Dict., Table. So Spinelly (1515) writes of a " table for an awter, made by the best master in the land." The L. Lat. tabula was the embossed or painted frontal of an altar; made often of precious metals. It would be a proper gift to a shrine. So Britomart (F. Q. III. iv. 10) vows to Neptune "a table," if she is saved.

Tackles, xii. 42, tackling, rigging. We still talk of a fisherman's tackle.

Talaunts, xi. 41, talons. Fr. talon.

Teade, xii. 37, torch. Lat. taeda.

Teene (or tyne), ix. 34; xii. 18, trouble, sorrow; so Shepheards Calender, Ecl. xi. 41, 66 my wofull teene;" from A.S. teona, injury, teonan, tynan, to vex, anger. (Connected with A. S. tyndan, to kindle, Dut. teenen, Dan. tænde, Ger. zunden; hence also tinder, and to tine or tind a candle.) Tell, iv. 27, count; so we speak of telling beads,' 'the tale of sheep,' a tally, House of Commons tellers. A. S. tellan, to count.

Then, x. 10, than.

Thenforth, ii. 40, thenceforth; but the reading is doubtful.
Thewes, ix. 3; x. 4, qualities, manners. So Chaucer, Marchaundes Tale,
298. A. S. þeάw, that which distinguishes or perfects one's habits,
behaviour; in the pl., manners, morals. When used in the sense of
strength, or muscle (as always by Shakespeare), it is perhaps connected
with A. S. beob, a thigh; or the phrase 'thewes and sinews' may have
originally signified skill and strength,' and the words have come to be
used indifferently.

Tho, i. 18; v. 11; xi. 42, then. Old Engl. do, da, dag; A. S. þonne.
Thorough, i. 32; x. 1, through. A. S. þurb, or þorb, Ger. durch.

Con

nected with A. S. duru, or þuru, a door, Ger. thür. In Dutch, door is both door (subst.) and through (prepos.) In Old Engl. thorrucke is used for door. Chaucer, Person's Tale, has "Ydlenesse is the thorrucke of all wycked thoughtes;" whence the word thorough (through) comes directly. The adj. thorough has the same stem-meaning.

It

Thrall, ii. 22; v. 45; vii. 44; viii. 1, 32, 37, slave, prisoner. A.S. þræl, bondman; so thraldom. Probably connected with A.S. þirel, a hole, drill; þirlian, to pierce, thrill, drill, whence also thurh, through. may refer to the notion of stringing things together by drilling holes through them.

Thrill, iii. 42; x. 19, thrillant (part.), xi. 21, to pierce; so nostril is nose-thrill (Chaucer spells it nose-thurles), the hole pierced through the nose. See Thrall.

Thristy, v. 15, thirsty (by metathesis).

Throw, x. 41, throe, pang. A. S. þreá, þreag, pain.

Tide, ii. 29, time, while.

A.S. tid, time, whence tidan, to betide; Ger. zeit; so Shepheards Cal., Ecl. x. 117, "troublous tydes." It comes to signify sea tides, from the times, or set seasons, of their recurrence. Timely, i. 21; iv. 4, in their time: the timely hours,' the hours as they duly passed.

Tire, (I) iy. 35, tier, a rank or row. Fr. tirer, to draw. (II) viii. 46; x. 31, 39, attire, dress; generally, though not always, applied to head-dress; cp. tiara. A.S. tyr, a Persian head-dress. So 2 Kings 9. 30, Jezebel "tired her head;" and Levit. 16. 4, "with the linen mitre shall he be attired." Possibly connected with Ger. zieren. Attire in O. Fr. is atour, attour, a woman's hood or head-dress. L. Lat. atorna, mundus muliebris.' Top, vii. 29, head. (Cp. cop, a head.) Tort, xii. 4, wrong. Fr. tort; used in law. L. Lat. tortum, an injustice. Toy, vi. 28, pastime. Richardson thinks from A. S. tawian, to till, prepare (of hides, so Dan. touge); Dut. toyen, touwen, to dress, ornament.

But

the word is really derived from the Ger. zeug, Low Ger. tüg, Sw. tyg, Dan. to. It is used for the compound spiel-zeug, which answers to our play-toy, or plaything. See Wedgwood's Dictionary. Trace, viii. 31, walk, follow on the track.

tracks,' to walk off.

So in America to make

Tract, i. II; iii. 10, trace, the footing of man or beast. Fr. trait, Lat. tractus, trabo.

Traine, (I) iii. 24; ix. 31, train, anything drawn out in length; whence (II) i. 18. viii. 17; xi. 37, tail. Fr. trainer. (III) i. 18; iii. 24, trap, or snare. We speak of laying a train to catch a person.' Lat. trabere. Transmew, vii. 35, transmute. Fr. transmuer, Lat. transmutare. See Mew. Treachour, iv. 41; ix. 32, traitor. Fr. triche, tricherie, to cheat, cheating, trick, treachery. Gloss. II.

Treen, ii. 39; vii. 26 (adj.), of, or belonging to, trees. So ashen,' 'eughen,' made of the ash, the yew. It is not probable that Spenser meant to revive the old gen. pl. of the subst. 'tree,' or 'tre.'

Trenchand, i. 17; xi. 24, sharp-cutting; now written trenchant, after the more modern Fr. part. pres. of trancher. Our word trench (tranché) is from the same; perhaps from Lat. truncus, cut off.

Trinall, xii. 39, belonging to the number three, threefold. Fr. trin, Lat. trinalis, trinus.

Triplicity, xii. 39, quality of being threefold. Fr. triplicité, Lat. triplicitas, tres and plicare. It here refers to the harmonies of angelic song, the angels being marshalled in threes. See note on xii. 39.

"And how the signs in their triplicities,

By sympathizing in their trine consents," &c.
Drayton's Man in the Moon.

The word treble, used of the last or highest part in music, is also from triple. Truncked, viii. 10, truncated, having had its top or limbs lopped off; so a truncated cone' is one from the top of which a slice has been cut off. Lat. truncus, maimed.

Tway, vii. 27, twain, as in the phrase 'in twain.'

Twyfold, v. 28, twofold; used of a team of horses driven two and two.
Tyne, ix. 15 (see Teene), anxiety, toil, pain.
Tyrannesse, v. 46, a female tyrant.

U.

Ugly, ix. 48, horrible, fearful (of crime).

Unacquainted, v. 21, unusual, with which one is not acquainted.
Unbid, ix. 54, without a prayer. A. S. un- and ge-béd, a prayer.

Uncouth, i. 15; xi. 20, unusual, properly unknown; used in this sense by
Spenser, Shepheards Calender, Ecl. ix. 60: "In hope of better that was
uncouth." A.S. uncuð, from cyban, gecydan, to know; so E. Eng.
selcouth, seldom known, rarely known, uncommon.
The later sense of
awkwardness is a natural deduction.

Undight, iii. 4 (see Dight), to unfasten, take off, a dress or ornament.
Uneasy, v. 36, without ease, disturbed, thence restless.

Uneath, ix. 38; x. 31; xi. 4, scarcely, with difficulty, not with ease.

A.S. un-eaðe, uneasy; O. Eng. une-edes, with difficulty; Icel. auð, easy, and unodi, uneasy; and in Scottish audie is an easy-going fellow. There is some doubt as to the usage of the word in xi. 4, "and seemed uneath to shake the stedfast ground," where some commentators suppose that it is a contraction for underneath. See Note on xi. 4. Unhable, iv. 23, incapable. Lat. inhabilis.

Unhastie, iii. 4, slow.

Unkindly, i. 26, unnatural, unlike their kind. See Kindly.
Unlich, v. 28, unlike.

Unthrifty, iv. 35, wicked, or unthrifty scath' may be ruin that wastes without care or stint.'

66

Untill, xi. 4, unto, to; so til for to in N. Eng., "to gang til Carlisle." Chaucer, Kn. Tale, 2106, has Hom til Athenes." So also Dan. til, to, of place. Ger. ziel, limit, aim; A. S. tilan end, station, towards which one tends in a journey; and tilean, to till the ground, comes from the A.S. adj. til, fit, suitable, leading to its object or end; whence tillage is the preparation of the ground towards its proper end, harvest.

Unwary, xii. 25, unexpected, whereof they were not aware.

Unweeting, ii. 45; vii. 6; x. 65; xi. 29, not knowing, unconscious, unaware. A.S. witan, to wot, weet, know. See Weet.

Upstart, i. 16, started up.

Upwound, i. 15, knotted together, wound up.

Venger, iii. 20, avenger.

V.

Vew, ix. 20, appearance. Fr. vue, Lat. videre.

Vild, heading to c. iii.; ix. 46, vile; vildly, i 20; iii. 43, vilely. Vital, iv. 49; v. 19, having, or giving life. Lat. vitalis; vital paines,' • vital spright.'

Voyage, ix. 18, journey; as the Fr. voyage, It. viaggio.

W.

Wade, i. 12, to walk, or go. Spenser also uses the form to vade, Bk. III. ix. 20. The verb to wade, A. S. wádan, did not at first necessarily signify walking through water, though A.S. wád is a ford. Connected with Lat. vadere, vadum, where also the verb is used more generally, and the subst. signifies a ford. L. Lat. vadare, to cross a ford, is in its turn derived from vadum.

Wage, iv. 39, gage, or pledge; so 'wager of battle;' to lay a wager,' is to lay down a pledge for the correctness of an opinion. Also to wage war,'' to engage in fight.' Fr. gage. Gloss. II.

Warrayd, v. 48, laid waste; the same word as worry, and perhaps as barry (of an army). Connected with to wear, and war. Fairfax, i. 6, has "The Christen Lords warraid the eastern land." (A.S. werig, weary?). To worow, in O. Eng. to strangle; as dogs worry a sheep, seizing it by the neck (Ger. wurgen); but this is not the original sense. Waste, i. 42, wasted, squandered.

=

Wastfull, i. 32; iii. 3; viii. 50, wild. Fr. gâter; O. Fr. gaster, It. guastare, Lat. vastare, to spoil, devastate.