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GLOSSARY.

The Roman numerals denote the Canto, the Arabic the Stanza.

A.

Abide, v. 17, to attend on, as a physician his patient.

About, i, II, abouts, ix. 36, to the edge, or out of; A. S. abútan, lit. around, on the outside. Or perhaps in this place, to the end; Fr. à bout. Accord, x. 50; xii. 15, to grant. In both cases in the phrase according his request.' From this the transition to the apparently adverbial use of the word easy: according to' is simply='acceding to,' and is not a true adverb at all.

Acquit, vii. 52; viii. I, to release. Fr. acquitter, forensic Lat. acquietare, to render the debtor quiet. Here to release a prisoner.

Address, ii. II, to dress; but x. II, to direct. Fr. adresser, It. drizzare, dritto, Lat. directus, dirigere. "His way with me addrest," is directed his steps in my company.' Chaucer, Clerkes Tale, 8864, uses dress in the same sense: "But to Griselde agen I wol me dresse.”

Afflicted (Introduction, 4), lowly. It. afflitto: From L. Lat. afflictio, used of the recitation of the Penitential Psalms by penitents lying flat on the ground-so following the Lat. " affligere se ad terram," to dash oneself down on the ground.

Affronted, viii. 13, to be met with opposition. It. affrontare, O. Fr. affronter, from L. Lat. affrontare terminari, affrontatio, a boundary mark, placed at the beginning of a farm, &c.

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Afore, x. 49, in front of. Standing far afore," at a distance in front of them. A.S. æt-fóre.

Aftersend, v. IO, to send after. These compounds are not rare in Spenser. Aghast, ix. 21, it terrified (pret. or elliptical for did aghast'); we now use only the adj. Chaucer uses the verb to agast—

"That me agasteth in my dreme (quod she)." Legend of Dido, 246. Horne Tooke, Div. of Purley, part I. chap. x., says " Aghast, agast, may be the p. p. agazed

All the whole army stood agazed on him.""

i. Henry VI. I. I. But agazed, and Fuller's phrase (Worthies, Bucks) "men's minds stood at a gaze," are erroneous as derivations. The Goth. us-gaisjan, to horrify, contains the root whence it comes, us being the Ger. aus, Eng. out, and gaisjan connected with Ger. geist, A.S. gast, Eng. ghost; cp. Sc. gousty, desolate.

Agraste, x. 18, shewed grace or favour to. It. aggratiare.

Albe, v. 45, although; so the now rare albeit.

In F. Q., Bk. V. ii. 6, Spenser writes "albee he rich or poor," whether he be. Alight, (I) iii. 20, fallen; used as an adj., ' is alight,' where we now should say 'has lighted.' Chaucer, Prol. 723, has "whan we were alight." (II) xii. 25, to come to a stop; of one halting in a hasty course, not of one dismounting.

All, x. 47; xii. 23, although.

Als, ix. 18, also. A. S. ealswa.

Amate, ix. 45, to stupify; to be or make stupid, as a dreamer, from O. Fr. amater, mater, to mortify, from mat, dull, faint. Ger. matt. Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 836, has

"O Golias, unmesurable of lengthe,

How mighte David make the so mate?"

Mate, in check-mate, where it means the full stop put to the game, is a Semitic word. and, if at all connected with our amate, is only so accidentally. Amis, iv. 18, amice. Lat. amictus. An oblong piece of fine linen worn by priests as a tippet to cover the shoulders and neck.

Amove, iv. 45; viii. 21; ix. 18, to move. Not from a-movere, but

movere.

Amount, ix. 5, to ascend, out of a dwelling " low in an hollow cave." Andvile, xi. 42, anvil. A. S. anfilt; the prefix an-, ant-, ent-, denoting in Teutonic languages anything that is opposite, against; so the an-vil will be that which stands up against the falling blow of the hammer. Du. aenbeld, beelden, to fashion, shape; O. H. Ger. villen, fillen, to strike, beat: cp. Lat. in-cudere, incus.

Annoy, vi. 17, annoyance or hurt; a n. subst. Queen Elizabeth herself uses this word, "such snares as threaten mine annoy." Ellis' Specimens of Early Engl. Poets, ii. 136. Fr. ennui, It. annoio, connected with Lat.

посео.

Appease, iii. 29, to cease from (spoken of laments). Fr. apaiser. Lat. appacare.

Ger, rath.

Still

So F. Q.

Apply, x. 46, attend to. Used elliptically by Spenser, "Ne other worldly
business did apply" = nor did apply himself to other worldly business.
Aread, Areed, Introd. 1; viii. 31, 33; ix. 6, 23, 28; x. 17, 51, 64; xii. 28,
to advise, inform, interpret. We still use it in to read a riddle.'
common in Scotland. A. S. red, arád, is counsel.
Arise, (I) vi. 32, escape; (II) x. 4, to ascend (to heaven).
Arras, viii. 35, a kind of tapestry made at Arras in Artois.
Bk. III. i. 34, "Costly cloth of Arras and of Tours."
Aslake, iii. 36, to soften, appease, abate; so to slake of thirst; thence
used metaph. of lime; slaked lime being that which has had its heat taken
out of it by water; and slack is slaked or relaxed. A.S. sleac, slack,
slow. Nares, Gloss. v. Aslake, notices that we may learn from Drayton
when the word became obsolete. In the first quarto ed. of his "Matilda"
(1594), he wrote

"Now like a roe, before the hounds imbost,
Who overtoyl'd his swiftness doth aslake,"

but in the second ed. (1610) he changed it to

"When him his strength beginneth to forsake."

Assay, ii. 13, 24; iv. 8; vii. 27; viii. 2;

xi. 32, to essay, prove. Fr.

essayer, Low Lat. exagium, a pair of scales. See Gloss. II. Assoiled, x. 52, absolved. Lat. absolvere.

Assynd, vii. 98, marked out. Lat. assignare.

Astond, ii. 31 (astound, viii. 5; ix. 35), astounded, astonished. From astone; A.S. stunian, to stun, Ger. erstaunen; connected with Fr. étonner; possibly with Lat. attonitus.

Aswaged, iii. 5, grew mild. Used in neut sense. O. Fr. assouager, Lat. suavis. Attach, xii. 35, to seize, arrest; a law term. Fr. attacher, L. (forensic) Lat. attachiare, to take and bind a prisoner. The term was mostly in use

among English and Scottish law-writers. It occurs in Magna Carta. Attaint, vii. 34, to stain. L. (forensic) Lat. attaincta, attincta, to convict of some criminal act; connected with Fr. attaindre, Lat. attinguere. Hence comes our shorter form to taint, tainted, of meat, &c. convicted of having lost its sweetness and goodness.

Attayne, iii. 8, to find, fall in with.

Avale, i. 21, to fall, sink. Fr. avaller, from L. Lat. avalare, to drop down a river, or to descend from a hill; Lat. ad vallem, just as amount is ad montem. The O. Fr. phrase would be à mont et à val, to amount and avale. O. Fr. avaler (descendre aval), in Mod. Fr. to swallow down. Cp. Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 577, and Hamlet, “vailed lids.”

B.

Bains, xii. 36, banns (of marriage), so spelt for convenience of rhyme. The word is derived either from the Fr. bandon, It. bando, proclamation, or from A.S. bannan, to command. Some think that to call the banns of marriage,' is simply to proclaim the bands or bonds of matrimony. Spenser seems to use the word as equivalent to 'bonds,' as may be seen by the context; but wrongly, as the d is radical (bind, bindan). Bale, vii. 28, 39; viii. 14; ix. 16, 29, mischief, misery, trouble. balvjan, A.S. bealu, torment, destruction; Icel. böl, calamity. See Gloss. II.

Goth.

Bastard, vi. 24, mean, low, base; part. based or bast. Not in this place =
illegitimate, which is a somewhat later sense of the word springing from the
O.Fr. phrase "Fils de bas," a low-born son. Ducange, Gloss. M. et I.
Lat., says that the L. Lat. bastardus is derived from bass (bassus, It. basso,
Fr. bas) and tardd, to spring from, to germinate.
Battailous, v. 2, fit for battle.

Bauldrick, vii. 29, belt, from the low Lat. baldringus, which Du Cange
explains as the ring or belt of a bold man; others from balteus. O. Fr.
baudré; O. H. Ger. balderick. Spelt bawdrick by Chaucer (Prol. 116),
"the bawdrick was of grene." It was also the name for the leathern
belt or strap used in old church-bells to fasten the clapper inside the bell.
It was also sometimes spelt bawdrope.
See Notes and Queries, June 21,
1851.
Baye, vii. 3, to bathe; so embay (ix. 13) and bay-salt, salt for baying or
steeping meat.

Become, (I) x. 16, come to, or gone to; so what has become of you?'

Cp. R. Brunne's "Where are now all thise, where are thei becomen ?” (II) x. 66, to suit or fit. Ger. bequemen, to be becoming.

Bed, ix. 41, bid.

Bedight, xii. 21, dight, dressed, adorned. See Dight.

Beheast, iv. 18, command. A.S. hátan (pret. hét), to promise, ordain, command.

Behight, (I) x. 50, entrusted; also behot, behet; (II) x. 64, to promise; so behott, xi. 38. Cp. Chaucer, Boke of the Duchesse, 620. Bend, iii. 34, to couch (of a spear put in rest). Gloss. II.

Beseem, viii. 32, to appear.

Beseene, xii. 5, "decked or adorned for sight." (Richardson.) It is properly beheld, viewed, as Chaucer uses it, evil besey,' or 'goodly byseyn,' of an ill or a rich appearance. A.S. beseon, to see, look at. Bespeak, ii. 32, speak. So Milton, Hymn to the Nativity:

"Until their Lord bespake."

Bestedd, i. 24, situated. A.S. stede, place (as in homestead); more usually in an unpleasant sense; 'ill bestead.' So Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 551.

Betake, (I) v. 28, to take into her wagon; (II) ix. 44, to betake oneself; (III) xii. 25, deliver to another. Skinner says, "Betake, Lat. tradere,

to deliver into one's hands." A.S. betacan, to commit, assign; O.E. betake (pret. betaughte).

Bethinke, vi. 16, think, to be mentally determined.

Bethrall, viii. 28, to take captive, imprison. See Thrall.

Bever, vii. 31, the visor or front piece of a helmet, which is dropped when the wearer wishes to drink; so connected with beverage,' E. Eng. bever, drink. The word survives in E. Anglia. Farm labourers shout Bever' at harvest-time, meaning that they wish for drink. (See Morris, E. E. Specimens, p. 390, 1. 332.) Fr. boire, It. bevere, Lat. bibere. Bewaile, vi. I, to choose, select. "In Old English to waile and to bewaile mean to make choice of, to select." (Upton.) Ger. wählen. Douglas has "Wale out all thaym bene waik," as transl. of Virg. Æn. 5. 716, "invalidum delige ;" and Chaucer speaks (Tr. and Cr. v. 30) of "wailid wine," that is, chosen, choice wine. Cp. the N. Engl. proverbial reply to the man who doubted if it were his own wig that had been fished out of the river: 66 There's no wale of wigs in the Tweed." The reading 'assaile' has been proposed as an escape from the difficulty of the word. Bewray, iv. 39, to accuse, as an informer does. So Matth. 26. 73, “ thy speech bewrayeth thee." A.S. wrégan.

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Bid, i. 30, to pray. See x. 3. Ger. beten, A.S. biddan. The subst. bead (A.S. béd) probably means first a prayer, and then the measuring beads' on which prayers are told. Or bead may come from O. Engl. bee (A.S. béb or beág), a crown or ring. See Morris, E. E. Specimens, P. 415. Beadsman, properly one who prays. So in the Glossary published with the Shepheards Calender we have this note: "To bidde is to pray, whereof cometh beades for praiers, and so they say 'to bidde his beades,' sc. to say his praiers." In the Romaunt of the Rose, 7372, are these lines:

"A peire of bedis eke she bere,
Upon a lace, alle of white threde,
On which that she hir bedes bede."

Bilive, belive, also written blive, v. 32; ix. 4, quickly, forthwith, 'with life,' in a lively manner.

Bit, viii. 41, food, anything bitten.

Blaze, xi. 7, blazon forth, proclaim. A.S. blæsan, to blow; Ger. blasen. So St. Mark I. 45, "to blaze abroad the matter," to blow it far and wide. So Sidney, Arcadia, ii., has “being blazed by the country people." Bless, (I) to give a blessing (benedicere), connected with bliss.

(II) ii.

18; vii. 12; ix. 28, “God from him me blesse," preserve me from evil, deliver, where the sense is clearly derived from 'Deus me benedicat ;' 'God defend me with His blessing.' (III) v. 6; viii. 22, to wave or brandish, as a sword, This sense probably comes from the waving the hands in making the sign of the cross; as in Ascham's Toxoph. p. 196, new ed.: 'In drawing (their bow) some fet such a compasse, as though they would turn about, and blesse all the field." See Nares' Gloss. v. Bless. (IV) Bailey says, "blist or blest in Spenser means wounded; Fr. blessé." Mr. Morris suggests the Old Eng. blisse to put an end to; as in the Story of Gen. and Exod. 1. 553.

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Blott, x. 27, spot, blemish.

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Blubbred, vi. 9, swollen with weeping. The verb has no mean sense with Spenser; a "blubbred face" answers to our tearful. So Fuller, Church Hist. 1. 5. 22, has "the face of the Church was so blubbered with teares.' Blunt, x. 47, dim, used of eyesight. We speak of acute sight, sharp-eyed. Booteth, iii. 20, 40, it avails, profits. A.S. bót, a remedy. See Horne

Tooke, i. 209.

Bootless, v. 33, unavailing, hopeless.

Borne, iv. 2, led with him. So the phrase to bear in hand' is to carry along with one.

Boughtes, i. 15; xi. 11, bends, folds; of a serpent's coils. Also written bight. A.S. bugan, to bend, to bow. So in geogr. the Bight of Benin = the bend of Benin. Bough and bow come from the same root. Bound, x. 67, to lead, as with a marked-out track.

Bouzing-can, iv. 22, drinking-can; to bouze, to drink largely. Bowre, viii. 5, 29, chamber, inner room, as opposed to 'hall,' the public, outer room. Cp. Chaucer, Nonne Prestes Tale, 12, "Hir bour and eek hir halle." A.S. búr, from búan, to build; Icel. búr, N. Engl. byre, Ger. bauer.

Bowrs, viii. 41, muscles of the shoulder, so called from their bowed or bent shape; connected with brawn, brawny. Cp. Dan. Bov, Boug, a shoulder. Bower-anchor may come from this.

Boystrous, viii. 10, rude, rough, epithet of a club or staff. Usually, as now, of wind; but Wicliffe, Matt. 9. 6, has “a clout of boistous cloth," where the meaning is raw, unwrought, not smoothed; and Turberville hasbousteous tree," which answers to Spenser's usage.

Brand, iii. 42, sword. So used metaphorically in A.S. from its flashing like a torch.

Bras, x. 40, money. Still so used in many parts of England.

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