good things of their class. "Keep them out!" is the cry of all the learned professions. "Keep them out!" cry the apothecaries, when a surgeon from beyond the Tweed or the Irish Channel claims to prescribe and dispense medicine to English subjects. "Keep them out!" cry the doctors, when the homeopathists offer the public their millioneth-grain doses. "Keep them out!" cry physicians, and surgeons, and apothecaries, of all ranks, when it is proposed, as in America, to throw open the profession to the female sex. But you find the same cry among the working classes of every grade. Mechanics and tradesmen insist on all applicants for admission to their calling, serving long apprenticeships. If the apprenticeships are not served, then "Keep them out!" is the word. Shoulder to shoulder, they exclude the applicants for leave to toil. "Knob-sticks" are pelted. They must join the union--must be free of the craft--must conform to the rules--subscribe to the funds-pay the footings, and so on; otherwise they are kept out with a vengeance. In the circles of fashion the same cry is frequent. A new man appears in society, "Who is he?" "Only so and so!" He is a retired grocer, or as Cobbet called Sadler, แ a linen draper;" and the exclusive class immediately club together to "Keep him out!" He is "cut." Even the new man of high sounding title is accounted as nothing among the old families who boast of their "blue blood." Wealth goes a great way, but still that does not compensate for the accident of birth and connections among these classes.--South Boston Gazette. cor The History of the World is the history of trade and commerce. Your very apparel is a dictionary. They tell us of the "bayonet," that it was first made at Bayonne-" cambrics," that they came from Cambray-"damask," from Damascus"assas," from a city of the same name- "cordwine," or dova," from Cordova-"currants," from Corinth--the "guinea" that it was originally coined of gold brought from the African coast so called "camlet," that it was woven, at least in part, of camel's hair. Such has been the manufacturing progress, that we now and then send calicoes and muslins to India and the East; and yet the words give standing witness that we once imported them thence, for "calico" is from Calcut, and "muslin" from Mousul, a city in Asiatic Turkey. HUMILITY.--The whole Roman language, says Wesley, even with all the improvements of the Augustan age, does not afford so much as a name for humility. The word from which we borrow this, as is well known having in Latin a quite different meaning; no, nor was it found in all the copious language of the Greeks, till it was made by the Great Apostle. MATERNAL INFLUENCE." I believe," said John Randolph, "I should have been swept away by the flood of French infidelity, if it had not been for one thing, the remembrance of the time when my sainted mother used to make me kneel by her bedside, taking my little hands folded in hers, and causing me to repeat the Lord's prayer." TRUE AND FALSE PLEASURE." All pleasure," says John Foster, "must be bought at the expense of pain; the difference between false pleasure and true, is just this; for the true, the price is paid before you enjoy it; for the false, afterwards." "How admirably," says Racine, " is the simplicity of the Evangelists," they never speak injuriously of the enemies of Jesus Christ, of his judge or his executioners. They report the fact without a single reflection. They comment neither on their master's mildness when he was smitten, nor on his constancy in the hour of his ignominious death, which they thus describe: "And they crucified Jesus." COUNTY INSPECTORS. The following gentlemen are appointed County Inspectors for the county of Providence, viz. : JOHN H. WILLARD, of Pawtucket. JOHN B. TALLMAN, of Central Falls. Rev. JOHN BOYDEN, Jr., of Woonsocket. THE RHODE ISLAND EDUCATIONAL MAGAZINE will be published monthly. All pamphlets, exchange papers, or communications, should be addressed to E. R. POTTER, Providence, R. I. Letters, (post paid) may be directed to Providence or Kingston. Terms, 50 cents per annum, in advance. RHODE ISLAND EDUCATIONAL MAGAZINE. VOL. 1. PROVIDENCE, OCTOBER, 1852. NO. 10. From the Pennsylvania Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY. Among the various subjects embraced in the enquiries of the late Parliamentary committee, was that of juvenile delinquency, respecting which they say, (very safely,) "That a larger amount of industrial training and reformatory discipline may advantageously be adopted in their case than in that of ordinary criminals." Page vi. That juvenile crime has increased in a ratio far greater than population or adult crime there could be no doubt-and one chief cause was believed to be, that a vast number of acts were made criminal by various acts of parliament,and punishable by fine or short terms of imprisonment. These offences are mostly within the range of idle and mischievous boys and youth, and as the culprits cannot pay in purse they pay in person. "The mind of the child thus becomes familiarized with a gaol. A prison is at once disarmed of its terrors and its shame. In a gaol the novice in crime gets acquainted with the hardened in guilt; he finds himself the object of commiseration; he finds that he is better clothed, better fed, better housed and better cared for within its walls, than in the habitation of his parents or the workhouse of his parish; hence petty delinquencies become the prelude to the gravest crimes, and the child, acclimated to the atmosphere of a gaol, grows up to manhood, disabled from gaining an honest living by having had the brand of crime stamped upon his forehead, and he so remains, perhaps, for years, a continual burden to the State, until his education is finished in some first class penitentiary, at an expense of some $150 or $200, preparatory to his transportation from his native land at a further cost of the like sum. "If, when this child was first charged with violating the law, or was first found in destitution on the threshold of crime, he had been placed in a reformatory establishment, surrounded with means and appliances for mental, moral, religious and industrial training, instead of costing his country, in loss by plunder and in expense of prosecutions, imprisonment, and transportation, from $500 to $750, he would, for one-third of that price, have been rendered a useful and valuable member of society, either at home or in any one of our colonies to which, as a free emigrant, after proper training, he might be willing to be transferred. To carry out this object, in a cheap and efficient manner, it is proposed to establish national asylums, in which all children, of both sexes, however numerous, may be received, and where they may be classified according to their sex, age, and strength, as well as their past pursuits and associations: and where they may, from time to time, be re-arranged according to their conduct, character, and attainments, and according to their intended vocation in after-life. These establishments, it is intended to place under the supervision of government inspectors and boards of magistrates, on the line of the great trunk railroads, by which children could be transmitted safely, cheaply, and expeditiously to and from different parts of the kingdom. Out-door labor is to be united with mental and religious education, and with instruction in mechanical employment. The length of their continuance in the asylum is not to be determined by a sentence of years or months, but by good conduct, industrious habits, and proficiency in some industrial pursuit, which will distinguish the inmates as fit for apprenticeship in this country, or the colonies, or to enter as volunteers in the naval or military service, as may best suit their taste and inclination. The costs of these establishments, the committee say, would be very inconsiderable when compared with the enormous sums which, in one form or another, these wasters, these destroyers of property, now entail upon some portions of the community. Children taken into the asylum before they are confirmed in evil habits, or hardened in criminal pursuits, may be easily controlled, trained, and instructed and may, to a considerable extent, be made productive, if stimulated by a prospect of reward, to engage in useful and profitable labor suitable to their age, strength, and disposition. "The expense of the juvenile prison at Parkhurst* affords no means of comparison as to the cost of such an establishment as is here proposed, or as to its influence upon the character of its inmates, or its effects upon the interests of society at large. Upon the excellent managers of Parkhurst devolves the difficult and all but hopeless task of controlling and correcting the inmates, who, although young in years, are old in crime, and who, bearing about them the brand of convicted felons, are insensible to those incentives to industry and good conduct which, with an untainted character, the prospect of future success, in a useful and honorable calling, could scarcely fail to inspire in the youth of the proposed asylum." The cost of clothing and feeding the inmates of the proposed reform schools would be borne by the children's parents or their parishes; by those who, by the laws of God and man, are now bound to provide them as destitute children with shelter, and with food and clothes. It is a notorious fact, say the committee, that immoral and dishonest parents encourage their children to commit crime; negligent and thoughtless parents permit their misconduct; selfish and unnatural parents leave them in a state of destitution, which they know must infallibly lead to starvation or thieving; and even parochial authorities, by their neglect of parentless and friendless children, though they may close their eyes against the consequences of their neglect, do, in fact, contribute to the same result. Both parents and parishes know that they are by law bound to provide for children in a state of destitution; the child has, however, only to add crime to destitution-has only to join the criminal classes-and the trouble of its future government, and the expense of its future maintenance is, as the law now stands, transferred at once from the parent and the parish to the county and the State. To effect these great objects, it is proposed to enact, that "all children under a given age, say sixteen years, found violating the law, or in a state of destitution, which will inevitably lead to crime, shall be taken before the magistrate, and instead of being committed, as is now the case, to a criminal prison, they shall be sent to the proposed asylum; and the parents (and failing the parents' ability, the parishes to which they belong) shall pay the dry expenses of diet and clothing; say two shillings or three shillings per week, as the case may *The annual expense of Parkhurst establishment for young convicts amounts to 251. 6s. 11d. each inmate: more than sufficient to provide them with a boarding school education; and more than the wages on which the greater portion of the agricultural laborers have to support a whole family. |