Bacon. CHAPTER XX. England in the Seventeenth Century. Savile. Downes. Robert Burton. Dempster. Barclay. Gataker. Selden. Milton. May. Cowley. Duport. Barrow. Pearson. Stanley. Falkland, Hales, Jeremy Taylor. The Cambridge Platonists:-More and Cudworth. Theophilus and Thomas Gale. Translators of Lucretius :-Evelyn, Lucy Hutchinson, and Creech. Baxter. Hudson. Potter. Dryden. Dodwell. Barnes 332-358 CHAPTER XXI. Germany in the Seventeenth Century. Gruter. Pareüs. Scioppius, Barth, and Reinesius. Seber and Weller. Lindenbrog; Holstenius and Kircher. Vorst, Jönsen, Lambeck. Morhof. Gude. Bernegger, Freinsheim, Boekler, Obrecht, Scheffer. Conring. Spanheim. Beger. Cellarius 358-369 BOOK IV. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 'Chronological Table, 1700-1800 A.D. 371-466 372 CHAPTER XXII. Italy in the Eighteenth Century. Facciolati, For. cellini. Ferracci, Lagomarsini. Garatoni. Rezzonico. Corsini. Bandini, Mingarelli, Morelli. Archaeologists:-Ficoroni, Piranesi, Gori. Muratori, Maffei. Paciaudi, Morcelli, Marini. E. Q. Visconti. Fea 373-384 CHAPTER XXIII. France in the Eighteenth Century. Montfaucon. Capperonnier. Bouhier. Sanadon. Olivetus. Archaeologists:-Banduri, Fourmont, Burette, Fréret, Comte de Caylus, Patin, Vaillant, Pellerin, Mariette, D'Anville. Barthélemy, Seroux d'Agincourt, Guys, ChoiseulGouffier, Brotier, Larcher. Alsace (Brunck, Oberlin, Schweighäuser, Bast) and the Editiones Bipontinae. Levesque, and Sainte-Croix. Villoison 385-398 CHAPTER XXIV. England in the Eighteenth Century. Bentley. Addison. Pope. Spence. Maittaire. Ruddiman. Wasse, Davies, Whiston, Middleton, S. Clarke, Needham. Markland, John Taylor, Dawes. Chr. Pitt, Vincent Bourne, Gray, Sydenham. Heath, Toup and Musgrave. Shaw, Joddrell. Tyrwhitt and Twining. Parr and H. Homer. Porson. Wakefield, Horne Tooke, Burgess. The Dilettanti Society; Stuart and Revett, R. Wood. Scholarly Statesmen :-Chatham, Burke, Fox, Pitt. Archaeologists:-Sir Wm Hamilton, Townley, R. Chandler, Payne Knight. A. Adam. Gibbon. Mitford. Sir Wm Jones 400-439 CHAPTER XXV. The Netherlands in the Eighteenth Century. Le Clerc. Burman. Küster. Bos. Duker and Drakenborch. Havercamp. Hemsterhuys. J. F. Reitz. Wesseling. D'Orville. Oudendorp. Burman II. Schrader. Valckenaer. Ruhnken. Pierson, Koen, Santen, Luzac. Wyt441-466 tenbach CORRIGENDA. p. 35 1.3; for Pizzopasso, read Pizzolpasso. p. 105; Stobaeus (1535), add Florilegium; (1575) add Eclogae. Aretaeus (1554), for Andr. read Adr. Turnebus. Polyaenus (1589), for Leyden, read Lyon. p. 118 1. 8; for 1514 (Didot's date for the editio princeps of Pindar), read (as on p. 104) 1513 (with Christie's Essays, p. 243). p. 124; Italy, Pomponazzi; for 1462-1565, read 1462-1525. p. 126; for salon carre, read salon carré. p. 158 n. 1; for des fonds grecs, read du fonds grec. p. 161 1. 2; for Constantius, read Constantinus. p. 196 16; for Florio, read North. p. 201 1. 27; for Festus (1575), read (with Bernays, Scaliger, 275) 1576. p. 243 1. 28; for 1559, read (with Hume Brown's Buchanan, 160) 1561. p. 271 1. 33; for 1608, read at Leipzig (1577) and at Hanover (1604). p. 285 1.6; for Saville, read Savile. p. 287 1. 26; for Labbé (Labbaeus), read Labbe. p. 301 n. 5; for 332 f, read 362 f. p. 368 l. 12, 15; for Helmstadt, read Helmstädt or Helmstedt. p. 372; England, after Spence (1699—1768), add Martyn (1699—1768). p. 378 1. 9 (inset); for Ferrati (Ferratius), read Ferracci. p. 391 1. 28; for Vaillant, 1655, read 1665. BOOK I. THE REVIVAL OF LEARNING AND THE HISTORY OF SCHOLARSHIP IN ITALY. Le moyen âge, si profond, si original, si poétique dans l'élan de son enthusiasme religieux, n'est, sous le rapport de la culture intellectuelle, qu'un long tâtonnement pour revenir à la grande école de la noble pensée, e'est-à-dire à l'antiquité. La renaissance, loin d'être, comme on l'a dit, un égarement de l'esprit moderne, fourvoyé après un idéal étranger, n'est que le retour à la vraie tradition de l'humanité civilisée. RENAN, Averroès (1852), Préf. p. viii, ed. 4, 1882. Dall' Italia soltanto il classicismo poteva sperare il suo rinascimento, dall' unica terra dove il vecchio mondo classico in rovine, superava in grandezza e maestà il giovane medio evo. HORTIS, Studi sulle Opere Latine del Boccaccio, p. 210, Trieste, 1879. History of Scholarship in Italy between 1321 and 1527. BORN DIED 1304-1374 1313-1375 Petrarch discovers Cicero, pro Archia, 1333, and ad Atticum 1330-1406 Salutati discovers Cicero, ad Familiares 1345 1360-63 1392 1396-1400 1439 1386-1439 Traversari discovers Cornelius Nepos 1388-1463 Flavio Biondo, Italia Illustrata 1389-1464 Cosimo de' Medici in power in Florence 1391-1450 Ciriaco d' Ancona, collector of inscriptions 1356-1450 Plethon disputes on Plato and Aristotle 1363-1437 Niccoli leaves 800 MSS to Medicean Library 1437 1369-1444 Leonardo Bruni translates Aristotle's Ethics, 1414, and Politics 1380-1459 Poggio discovers Latin Mss at Cluni, St Gallen, Langres etc... 1385-1458 Alfonso I, king of Naples 1429-60 1423-46 1415-17 1442-58 1434 1453 1434-64 1424, 1433, 1435-47 1395-1484 Georg. Trapezuntius tr. Ar. Rhet., Hist. An., 1450; Plato, Laws 1400-1475 Theodorus Gaza, professor of philosophy in Rome 1403-1472 Bessarion presents his Greek MSS to Venice 1451 1468 1405-1464 Aeneas Sylvius, De Lib. Educ. 1450, Pope Pius II 1407-1457 Laurentius Valla, Elegantiae Latini Sermonis.... 1416-1486 Argyropulos lectures in Florence, 1456-71, and Rome 1417-1475 Giov. Andrea de' Bussi, Bp of Aleria, 8 editiones principes 1421-1498 Vespasiano, Vite di Uomini Illustri 1458-64 1440-50 1471-86 1469-71 1422-1482 Federigo di Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino.. 1458-1530 Sannazaro discovers Ovid, Halieut., Grattius and Nemesianus 1461-1510 Paolo Cortesi, De Hominibus Doctis 1462-1525 Pomponazzi, De Immortalitate Animae.. 1463-1494 Pico della Mirandola, Apologia, 1484; Adv. Astrologiam 1476 1494-6 1469-92 1494-1515 1500 1489 1501-4 1490 1516 1495 1516-9 1498-1516 1535 1513-21 1477-1547 Sadoleto, Laocoon, 1506; De Liberis Recte Instituendis 1534 1477-1558 Valeriano, De Literatorum Infelicitate, written after..... 1527 1478-1529 Baldassare Castiglione, Il Cortegiano 1528 1479-1552 Lilio Giraldi, De Poëtis Nostrorum Temporum 1551 1483-1529 Navagero ed. Quint., Virg., Lucr., Ov., Ter., Hor., Cic. Speeches 1514-9 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. PETRARCH AND BOCCACCIO. THE History of Scholarship during the six centuries that have elapsed since the birth of Petrarch falls into four principal periods, which may be distinguished by the names of the nations that have been most prominent in each :—(1) the Italian, (2) the French, (3) the English and Dutch; and (4) the German. The first is the age of the Revival of Learning in Italy, including the two centuries between the death of Dante in 1321 and the death of Leo X in 1521, and ending with the Sack of Rome in 1527. It begins with Petrarch (1304-1374) and it ends with the contemporaries of Erasmus (1466-1536). It is the age of the Humanists, and its principal aim is the imitation and reproduction of classical models of style and of life. The second, or French, period is mainly marked by a manysided knowledge of the subject-matter of the Classics, by industrious erudition rather than by any special cult of the form of the classical languages. It begins with the foundation of the Collège de France by Francis I at the prompting of Budaeus in 1530, and it ends with the close of the seventeenth century. It is the period of the great Polyhistors of France and of the Netherlands. Its foremost names are those of Scaliger (1540— 1609) and Casaubon (1559—1614), and Lipsius (1547—1606) and Salmasius (1588-1653). Of these, Casaubon ended his days in England, while Scaliger passed the last sixteen years of his life at Leyden, which was also one of the principal scenes of the learned labours of Lipsius and Salmasius. The third, or English and Dutch, period begins towards the end of the seventeenth century with Bentley (1662-1742). It S. II. I |