their bringers in." About an acre of ground, which formed a part of the precinct, was inclosed with a brick wall in 1569, by the celebrated Sir Thomas Roe, or Rowe, Lord Mayor, as a burial-ground for the ease of the London parishes. This plot abutted on the" deep ditch," which separated the hospital from the "Moore field," and was the place of interment of Sir Thomas's lady, at whose request it had been inclosed. The old gateway is yet standing on the east side of Moorfields, nearly opposite to the front of the new Catholic Chapel the piers are surmounted by sepulchral urns, and there is a stone shield of the city arms near the middle of each: the ground itself, having ceased to be a burial place, has been long converted into gardens, principally attached to the houses in Broad-street Buildings. But, during the last and present year, a considerable portion of the south side, with the narrow alley, (chiefly inhabited by brokers,) that skirted it, has been formed into a wide carriage way; during which alteration, the mouldering bones of several hundred human bodies were dug up: these were partly re-interred in one pit within the burialground, and partly carted away. The new avenue, together with Old Bethlem, which continues the communication into Bishopsgate Street, (and has been recently widened, and partly rebuilt,) has received the name of Liverpool Street. Not the least remains of the old hospital, nor yet of the buildings which succeeded it, as mentioned by Stow, are now discoverable.

10

BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL, MOORFIELDS.

As the population of the metropolis increased, the lunatics requiring relief became far more numerous than in former times, till at length, in the reign of Charles II., the Corporation of London determined to erect a new edifice for their reception on the south side of what were called the Lower Quarters of Moorfields, and immediately adjoining to the City wall. This Hospital was commenced in April 1675, and completed in July 1676, at an expense of nearly 17,0001. It was principally of brick, and consisted of a projecting centre, and lateral wings, ornamented with Corinthian pilasters, and quoins of stone: its breadth was about forty feet, and its length 540 feet. In front was a spacious area, (disposed into walks and grass plats,) inclosed by a high wall 680 feet in length; in the middle of which was a spacious entrance, formed by large iron gates and stone piers, whereon were placed the celebrated figures of Raving and Melancholy madness,' executed by Caius Gabriel Cibber, the father of Colley Cibber the actor, dramatist, and poet-laureat. Pope greatly contributed to the popular fame of those statues by styling them, (in his Dunciad,) with alliterative satire, the "brazen, brainless brothers," of the dramatist; yet in this attempt to degrade Cibber, the mean littleness of his own mind was but too apparent. Virtue has preserved an anecdote that one of them was copied from Oliver Cromwell's gigantic Porter, who became insane, and was confined in the Hospital. In the year 1733, two additional wings, for incurable maniacs,

were added to this building by subscription, but these being of the Tuscan order, bore no congruity to the former work. Since the commencement of the present century, the entire Hospital, which had become very ruinous, has been pulled down, and the lunatic establishment removed to a new and more spacious fabric in St. George's Fields. Its final demolition was effected about the year 1818, together with that of a long extent of the old City wall, against which it had been built; the site of both is now occupied by respectable houses, forming a portion of the north side of the street called London Wall.*

PURITANICAL REGULATIONS.

During the gloomy reign of triumphant fanaticism. that distinguished the memorable period of the civil wars, the people were subjected to many restrictions, and severely mulcted for slight offences, particularly if committed on the Sabbath. Even "trimming of beards," on the Lord's day," and "travelling" on

*The annexed print of Bethlehem Hospital was copied from the view published by Strype in 1720; and it must be regarded as curious from shewing the state of Moorfields at that period. It has been frequently said that the design of the Hospital was taken from the Thuilleries at Paris, and that Louis XIV. felt so indignant at his Palace having been made a model for a lunatic asylum, that he commanded a plan of St. James's Palace to be made "for offices of the vilest nature.". There does not appear, however, to be any real foundation for this story, as Silvester's Views of the Thuilleries present no other similarity to Bethlehem Hospital, than what must naturally occur from a style of artichecture common to both countries.