[1750-1900 A.D.]

and some portions of that of Europe were written by Scotsmen in works equal to any existing before Gibbon.

The dawn of the scientific era of the nineteenth century was foreshadowed by Scottish men of science, the founders of modern geology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, and the practice of medicine. In Scotland was made the first of the great line of discoveries in the practical application of science by the use of steam as a motive power.

The same period-so varied were its talents-gave birth to two Scottish poets of world-wide fame. Burns expressed the feelings and aspirations of the people; Scott described both in verse and prose their history and the picturesque scenes in which it had been transacted. During the last halfcentury the material progress continued, but the intellectual was too brilliant to last. The preponderating influence of England even threatened to extinguish native Scottish genius by centralising the political and social life of the island in the English capital. Only two changes of importance occurred. The political institutions of Scotland were reformed by a series of acts which placed the franchise on a broader basis and made the representation of the people real. The established church, already weakened by secessions, was further divided by a disruption largely due to the ignorance of the political leaders as to the deep-seated aversion of the nation to any interference with the independence of the church, especially in matters of patronage. Educational reform has also in recent years raised the standard of the universities and schools without injuring their popular character. While it would be incorrect to say that Scotland has had no independent history since the union, that history must be chiefly read in the annals of its church, its law, and its literature. Its political existence has been absorbed in that of Great Britain.d

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

[The letter a is reserved for Editorial Matter.]

CHAPTER I. THE EARLY HISTORY OF SCOTLAND

J. A. FROUDE, address to the University of Saint Andrews.-W. F. SKENE, Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban.-d J. H. RAMSAY, The Foundations of England.-J. RHYS, Early Britain, Celtic Britain.—STACITUS, Agricola.- PTOLEMY, Geography. ROBERT LINDSAY OF PITSCOTTIE, Chronicles of Scotland.-ALEXANDER GORDON, Itinerarium Septentrionale. GEORGE CHALMERS, Caledonia.-* DION CASSIUS, 'Pwμaïkn iσropía.-AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, Rerum Gestarum libri XXXI.- - WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.— " HECTOR BOECE, History of Scotland. - GEORGE BUCHANAN, Rerum Scoticarum Historia.P WILLIAM CAMDEN, Britannia.- PROCOPIUS, Historia Arcana.- BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of England. GILDAS, De Excidio Britannia.-NENNIUS, Historia Britonum.—" IRISH ANNALS.- — CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. ADAMNAN, Life of St. Columba.— CUMINE (CUMINIUS), Life of St. Columba. ‚— TERTULLIAN. 1 P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.

bb JULIUS CESAR, Commentarii. -co ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE.-dd RAPHAEL HOLINSHED, Scottish Chronicles.ee ENEAS J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.- ANDREW WYNTOUN, Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland.- MARIANUS SCOTUS, Chronicon Universale.—hh E. W. ROBERTSON, Scotland Under Her Early Kings. - EDWARD A. FREEMAN, History of the Norman Conquest in England. FLORENCE OF WORCESTER, Chronicle.

CHAPTER II. FROM MALCOLM CANMORE TO DAVID I (1058-1153 a.d.)

¿P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.-A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.-d ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE. W. STUBBS, The Constitutional History of England. - ALLEN, Vindication of the Ancient Independence of Scotland.- C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England. - AETHELWARD CHRONIOLE, in Savile's Scriptores Post Bedam.-IRISH ANNALS. WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY, De Regum gestis Anglorum libri V.- FLORENCE OF WORCESTER, Chronicle.—1E. A. FREEMAN, The Reign of William Rufus. - BISHOP TURGOT, Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland."W. F. SKENE, Celtic Scotland.- GEORGE CHALMERS, Caledonia.-P ETHELRED (or AILRED), "De Bello Standardi," in R. Twysden's Historia Anglicana Scriptores decem.- - LORD HAILES, Annals of Scotland.-r WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.-J. RHYS, Celtic Britain.— BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of Scotland.-E. W. ROBERTSON, Scotland Under Her Early Kings.

CHAPTER III. THE LAST CELTIC KINGS (1153-1286 A.D.)

COSMO INNES, Scotland in the Middle Ages.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.d WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.- LORD HAILES, Annals of Scotland.-C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England. - E. W. ROBERTSON, Scotland Under Her Early Kings.-T. WRIGHT, History of Scotland.-MATTHEW PARIS, Chronica Majora.- BISHOP TURGOT, Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland.-* C. INNES, Sketches of Early Scottish History and Social Progress.

CHAPTER IV. THE DAYS OF WALLACE (1286-1305 A.D.)

W. BURNS, The Scottish War of Independence.-J. H. BURTON, The History of Scotland from Agricola's Invasion.- -d PETER LANGTOFT, Chronicle of England. - JOHN DE FORDUN, Scotichronicon.—S WALTER DE HEMINGBURGH, Chronicle of England, in Maitland Club Wallace

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

329

Papers.- HENRY KNIGHTON, Chronicle.- MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER, Flores Historiarum. LORD HAILES, Annals of Scotland.- WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.-A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica. - JOSEPH BAIN, Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland.-n T. WRIGHT, History of Scotland.- H. B. GEORGE, Battles of English History.-P E. A. FREEMAN, Historical Essays.- - ANDREW WYNTOUN, Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland.- - BLIND HARRY, Wallace. A. F. MURISON, Sir Wm. Wallace.-LORD ROSEBERY, address at the Stirling Celebration in 1897.

CHAPTER V. ROBERT BRUCE (1305-1329 A.D.)

J. SPEED, History of Great Britain.-J. H. BURTON, History of Scotland from Agricola's Invasion.-d A. F. MURISON, Sir Wm. Wallace.-T. F. TOUT, Edward the First.-F. PALGRAVE, Documents and Records Illustrative of English History.-P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-W. BURNS, The Scottish War of Independence.- WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.- H. F. BUCKLE, History of Civilisation in England.- ROBERT KERR, History of Scotland during the Reign of Robert I.-JOHN BARBOUR, The Bruce.- JOHN LINGARD, History of England.—"A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Robert the Bruce" in the Encyclopædia Britan nica.-J. A. FROUDE, History of England.-P DEAN STANLEY, Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold.- THOMAS WALSINGHAM, History of England from the Time of Edward 11 to Henry V.-JEAN FROISSART, Chronicles.-LORD HAILES, Annals of Scotland.—t JAMES MACKINNON, The History of Edward 111.-" JOHN DE FORDUN, Scotichronicon.-E. A. FREEMAN, Historical Essays. - MATTHEW PARIS, Chronica Majora.- GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS, Descriptio Cambria.- CHRONICLE OF LANERCOST.-C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, The Comprehensive History of England.-bb WALTER BOWER, Continuation of Fordun.

CHAPTER VI. DAVID II AND THE BALIOLS (1329-1371 A.D.)

GOLDWIN SMITH, Irish History and Irish Character.-A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.-d P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.JEAN FROISSART, Chronicles.-J. MACKINNON, The History of Edward III.- - WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.-P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-ANDREW WYNTOUN, Orygynale Chronykil.

CHAPTER VII.-THE ACCESSION OF THE Stuarts (1371-1424 a.d.)

J. MACKINNON, The History of Edward 111.-JEAN FROISSART, Chronicles.-d T. WRIGHT, History of Scotland. - THOMAS PERCY, Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.-P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-ANDREW WYNTOUN, Orygynale Chronykil. J. BAIN, Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.- W. BOWER, Continuation of Fordun.- WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.

CHAPTER VIII. ROYALTY VS. NOBILITY: JAMES I TO JAMES III (1424-1487 a.d.)

JOHN DE FORDUN, Scotichronicon- P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-d WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland.-J. H. RAMSAY, Lancaster and York.- HECTOR BOECE, History of Scotland.- LIBER PLUSCARDENSIS, in Skene's Historians of Scotland.- W. ROBERTSON, History of Scotland.-G. BURNET, Exchequer Rolls of Scotland.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland. JEHAN DE WAVRIN, Anchiennes Croniques d'Engleterre.—m G. BUCHANAN, Rerum Scoticarum Historia.-" J. PINKERTON, History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mary.- JOHN MAJOR (or MAIR), History of Greater Britain.— P FERRERIUS, Continuation of Boece.- R. LINDSAY OF PITSCOTTIE, The Chronicles of Scotland. - PATRICK ABERCROMBY, Martial Achievements of the Scots Nation.— T. RYMER, Fœdera.

CHAPTER IX. JAMES IV AND FLODDEN FIELD (1488-1513 a.d.)

1e

P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.-G. BUCHANAN, Rerum Scoticarum Historia.dT. WRIGHT, History of Scotland.- PEDRO DE AYALA, in the Calendar of State Papers Preserved in the Archives at Simanca, edited by Bergenroth and Gayangos.-R. LINDSAY OF PITSCOTTIE, The Chronicles of Scotland.- WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland. - JEAN FROISSART, Chronicles.— ÆNEAS SYLVIUS, Epistola. — C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England.-J. MAJOR, History of Greater Britain.—'P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-m J. PINKERTON, History of Scotland. " W. BOWER, Continuation of Fordun.MALCOLM LAING, History of Scotland.-P GEORGE BRODIE, History of the British Empire.9 NIMMO, History of Stirlingshire.

330 BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS

CHAPTER X. JAMES V AND MARY STUART (1513-1569 A.D.)

H. F. BUCKLE, History of Civilisation in England. - WALTER Scott, History of Scotland.-d J. PINKERTON, History of Scotland.- P. F. TYTLER, History of Scotland.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland.-9 JOIN KNOX, History of the Reformation in Scotland.—h W. ROBERTSON, History of Scotland.-C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England. PIERRE DE BRANTÔME, Vies des grands capitaines.

CHAPTER XI. CROWN AGAINST KIRK UNDER JAMES VI (1569–1603 A.D.)

H. HALLAM, Constitutional History of England.—JAMES MELVILLE, Memoirs of His Own Life.-G. BUCHANAN, Rerum Scoticarum Historia.- P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland. J. A. FROUDE, History of England. A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.- THOS. CARLYLE, Heroes and Hero- Worship.-WALTER SCOTT, History of Scotland. JOHN SPOTTISWOODE, History of the Church of Scotland.-* M. A. S. HUME, Calendar of State Papers in the Archives at Simancas.-J. MELVILLE, Diary.-J. H. BURTON, History of Scotland.-C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England. -C. KNIGHT, Popular History of England..—P Louis A. BARBÉ, Tragedy of Gowrie House.

CHAPTER XII. THE GRADUAL UNION WITH ENGLAND (1603–1707 a.d.)

W. BURNS, The War of Independence.-ROBERT VAUGHAN, History of England Under the Stuarts.-A. J. G. MACKAY, article on "Scotland" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.— G. BURNET, History of His Own Times.-C. KNIGHT, Popular History of England.— C. MACFARLANE AND T. THOMSON, Comprehensive History of England.—h M. LAING, History of Scotland.-D. HUME, History of England.-P. HUME BROWN, History of Scotland from the Revolution to the Extinction of the Jacobite Insurrection.- ROBERT WODROW, History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution. ARCHIBALD STEWART, History Vindicated in the Case of the Wigtown Martyrs.- - JOHN DALRYMPLE, Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland.-" H. HALLAM, Constitutional History of England.— J. H. BURTON, History of Scotland.-T. B. MACAULAY, History of England. - Daniel DEFOE, History of the Union.- WALTER SCOTT, Tales of a Grandfather.- GEORGE LOCKHART, Memoirs Concerning the Affairs of Scotland.