The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. IV: September 1921-September 1922

Front Cover
The fourth volume of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers marks the period of deepening crisis in the UNIA's political and economic fortunes. After September of 1921, membership declined and morale in the UNIA began to weaken. Underlying it all, however, was the final failure of the Black Star Line that resulted when negotiations with the United States Chipping Board for the purchase of the long proposed African ship collapsed in March 1922. The movement also suffered a major setback when the first Liberian colonization plan aborted in the summer of 1921. On the political front, Garvey's African program had to compete with W.E.B. Du Bois's Second Pan-African Congress. The were also major shifts in Garvey's political strategy during this period, his speeches reflecting a desire to placate the U.S. government, while simultaneously assailing his lef-wing critics for promoting "social equality." This disavowal of radicalism earned him further enemies on the left. One of his chief black critics, Cyril V. Briggs, the leader of the African Blood Brotherhood, unwittingly supplied federal investigators with evidence that led to Garvey's indictment on charges of mail fraud in February 1922. By prosecuting him, however, the Department of Justice did not discredit Garvey in the eyes of his followers; rather, it temporarily strengthened his hold over the movement as the appearance of persecution intensified the loyalty of the UNIA membership. But later in 1922 Garvey did lose favor among many of his followers when it was disclosed that he had met secretly in Atlanta with the Acting Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. What Garvey had thought was a diplomatic triumph proved instead to be anathema to most blacks. At the Third UNIA Convention in 1922, Garvey repudiated the entire executive council of the UNIA, while expressing his anger of "plots" against him from within the UNIA leadership.  Loyalty to Garvey thus became a more urgent issue than ever before. But although Garvey was once again able to silence his critics within the UNIA, the price was to be a badly fractured and demoralized movement. At the same time, his political adversaries outside the UNIA were steadily gaining ground against him. As meticulously documented as the three previous volumes, Volume IV provides the first extended record of Garvey's emergent social philosophy, particularly as it relates to his conception of "racial purity" and the metaphysics of the human condition. It stands as an impressive record of the Garvey movement. 

From inside the book

Contents

ILLUSTRATIONS
xxvii
EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
xxxvii
TEXTUAL DEVICES
xliii
CHRONOLOGY
li
September Edward J Brennan to William J Burns
1
September
4
September Negro Factories Corporation Stock
10
Redemption Fund
19
March Editorial in the Christian Recorder
566
March William J Burns to J W H Crim Assistant
579
31
582
Struve
586
April Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
592
April J Harry Philbin to Sanford H E Freund
598
April Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
609
April A Rudolph Silverston to the United States
615

December J J Hannigan to the Director Office of Naval
27
September Speech by Marcus Garvey
28
September
43
September Report by Special Agent J G Tucker
78
September William H Ferris to Cyril V Briggs
90
September Cyril A Crichlow to Charles Evans Hughes
92
October Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
125
October Article in the Washington Bee
131
Garvey
135
October Article by W A Domingo
153
President Warren G Harding to Marcus
161
November Report by Special Agent J G Tucker
170
November Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
217
12
255
14
271
December Negro World Advertisement
282
December Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
301
December Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
307
Intelligence
311
ca December Statement by the UNIA
317
January J Harry Philbin to the Treasurer United
330
Intelligence
339
39
362
16
372
21
381
28
395
January Report by Special Agent Mortimer J Davis
427
January James Weldon Johnson to Marcus Garvey
437
January Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
443
January William J Burns to Edward J Brennan
462
29
463
20
472
February Bureau of Investigation Report
478
February Report by Bureau Agent Harold Nathan
489
February Ganesh Rao to the Editor Negro World
495
February Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
504
February A W Bennett to the Crisis
512
February John E Bruce to J R Ralph Casimir
519
ca January
527
33
533
March E Powis Jones to Sanford H E Freund
541
March Report by Special Agent Mortimer J Davis
557
March Sanford H E Freund to the Ship Sales Divi
565
April E Powis Jones to Sanford H E Freund
622
May Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
628
September Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
630
May John E Bruce to Charles Evans Hughes
634
September Report by Bureau Agent W S Bachman
637
May Confidential Informant 800 to George F Ruch
642
June R B Moseley UNIA Commissioner
649
June Dusé Mohamed Ali to R R Moton
678
June William C Matthews to Sanford H
686
July Report by Special Employee Andrew M
700
July Advertisement for the Negro Times
706
July Marcus Garvey to William Pickens
715
July Report by Special Agent James E Amos
729
Nations
735
July Speech by Marcus Garvey
743
July W E B Du Bois to Marcus Garvey
750
September Editorial Letter by Marcus Garvey
755
July Negro World Advertisement
756
August Speech by Marcus Garvey
766
August Convention Brochure
777
August Convention Report
783
August Convention Report
794
August Convention Report
805
August Royal Italian Ministry of External Affairs
812
August Article in the New York Times
816
August Convention Report
824
August Convention Report
830
August J Edgar Hoover to John B Cunningham
841
August Convention Report
920
August Report by Special Employee Andrew M
932
August Report by Special Employee Andrew M
942
August Report by Special Employee Andrew M
949
August Convention Report
1003
August Convention Report
1016
August Convention Report
1026
August Report by Special Employee Andrew M
1042
September Convention Report
1048
Revisions to the Constitution
1063
Delegates to the 1922 UNIA
1069
Finances of the Black Star Line
1077
Report of the UNIA Treasurer
1086
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