QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. ON THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. What are indefinite pronouns ? When is autre a pronoun ? What is the difference between l'un l'autre and l'un et l'autre ? When l'un l'autre is governed by a preposition, where is that preposition placed in French? When is the verb put in the singular, and when in the plural, after ni l'un ni l'autre ? What signification has the pronoun on? When is l'on used instead of on? How is the English word however rendered when it occurs before an adjective? How is whatever rendered when before a substantive? How, when before a verb ? How is it rendered in French when it can be turned in English into all that which? When is tout declinable, and when is it not? EXERCISES ON THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 1. EXERCISE ON RULES 1 AND 2, P. 82. Your brother has lost his books; shall I give him others? perdu -I doubt whether any other could act with (so much) doute que quelque pût agir autant de simplicity as you do. As you have broken my penknife, Comme avez cassé canif, m. you (shall give) me another.-Other people's opinions que donnerez (82-2) sentiment, m. are not the rule of mine.-Do not speak ill of other règle, f. 6 parlez mal people, if you (will have nobody speak) ill of you.voulez que personne ne parle Always remember souvenez-vous de that principle of natural law; principe, m. naturel loi, f. (do not do) to others what you (would not wish) that ne faites pas voudriez pas (they should do) to you.-What are other people's troubles, II. EXERCISE ON RULES 3, And 4, p. 82. peine, f. Fire and water destroy one another.-My cousins se détruisent cannot bear each other.-Love one another*, said our ne peuvent se souffrir disciple. Aimez-vous dit Lord to his disciples.-The seasons follow one another Seigneur saison, f. se suivent without interruption.-Rogues always mistrust one an se défient de other. They do justice to one another.-It is rare to se rendent rare de hear two authors speak well of one another.-Multientendre auteur dire du bien plication teaches to multiply two plication, f. enseigne à multiplier Multi numbers by each nombre, m. par other. The columns were close against one another. colonne, f. étaient serrées contre III. EXERCISE ON RULES 5-9, p. 83. Both serve to the same purpose.-My father and mother même usage, m. servent set off last week for the country; but (both of them) are partirent 2 1 campagne, f. sont already returned; and both intend to stay in town all déjà revenus; se proposent de rester en the winter. I called on your cousins, and I heard that hiver, m. ai passé chez cousine, f. ai appris que Observe that as the number of our Lord's disciples was not limited to two, you cannot translate one another by l'un l'autre, but by les uns les autres. both were married.-Honour your father and mother, and étaient mariées. Honorez endeavour to please both.-Do you speak of my brotâchez de plaire à 6 parlez ther or sister? I speak of both.-Apples and pears are Pomme, f. parle poire, f. good fruit; but peaches are preferable to both *.-I wrote pêches, f. préférable ai écrit to both; but neither of them has answered my letters.—Yes répondu à terday I expected my two best friends; but neither of them attendais came. I will give it to neither of them.-Neither of them donnerai vinrent. has done his duty †.-Neither kindness nor harshness douceur, f. devoir, m. rigueur, f. moved him.-Neither of those ladies is my mother.ébranlèrent Have you ces heard from your nephew and your niece reçu des nouvelles de neveu nièce since their departure? No, Sir: I correspond with neither depuis départ? of them. Non, IV. EXERCISE ON RULES 10-14, p. 83, 84. est People imagine that, when they are rich, they are On s'imagine que quand happy; but they (are mistaken) very often; for the more se trompe très-souvent; car 6 heureux; one has, the more one wishes to have.-When we are 6 veut ou que (raised up) to honours, or we are invested with some élevé revêtu de quelque dignity, we are to expect to be criticised. doit s'attendre à être Observe that both apples and pears are in the plural; therefore you must translate to both as if there were to the ones and to the others. Turn, neither of them have done their duty. they talk of peace.-We are always humane, charitable, and parle compassionate when we have compatissant (acute feelings). —If we beaucoup de sensibilité. knew how abundant and solid are the consolations savait combien (32-3) which religion offers, we should incessantly have recourse to sans cesse aurait recours que offre, that inexhaustible spring.-When we are admired for cette intarissable source, f. оп our beauty, we (cannot help) being proud (of it).— ne saurait s'empêcher d'être flatté en One is always better at home than elsewhere.-They say bataille, f. dit croit that the Spaniards have won the last battle.-People think que Espagnols gagné that he will be condemned to death.-They say the condamné à mort. que dit que queen is ill. People think (they have done every thing) avoir tout fait V. EXERCISE ON RULES 15 AND 16, p. 84. Whatever efforts people make to hide the truth, it effort, m. on fasse pour voiler (is discovered) sooner or later.-Whatever services you se découvre tôt ou tard. service, m. en may have done to your country, it will reward you for them. ayez rendus patrie, f. récompensera -Whatever capacity a man may have, he ought not puisse se vanter. -té, f. doit to boast. However equitable your offers be*, I do not offre, f. soient, 6 believe they will be accepted.-Though kings be ever so soient a 6 This is the construction to be observed in those sentences in which quelque (however), is followed by an adjective. Place quelque first, then the adjective, then que, then the verb, and after it its subject, &c. However equitable that may be your offers, &c. powerful, they die (as well as) the meanest of their puissant, meurent comme vil subjects. However learned those ladies may be, they sujet, m. savant sometimes mistake. However elegantly he may write, quelquefois se trompent. his style is not pleasing. agréable. VI. EXERCISE ON RULE 17, p. 85. 6 écrive, Whatever the enemy be * whose malice you ennemis, m. soient malice, f. dread, you (ought to rely) on your innocence.appréhendez, devez vous reposer sur Laws condemn all criminals, whoever they may be. criminel, puissent condamnent Whatever your intentions may be, I think that you (are in intention, f. the wrong). Whatever be the reasons which you (may allege), they are not sufficient.-Whatever these books be, VII. EXERCISE ON RULE 18, p. 85. In whatever you do, be guided by honesty and faites, soyez guidé honnêteté Dans probity; and in whatever you say, (never deviate) from dites, ne vous écartez jamais the path of truth. Whatever is pleasing is not always agréable sentier, m. useful.-Tell me whatever you think of me, and I (will tell) utile. Dites pensez dirai * Turn this sentence thus: Whatever be the enemy of whom you dread the malice, &c., and take it as a rule, in all sentences like this, to place the verb immediately after quelque (whatever), and its subject immediately after, &c. |