DONT. 8. Dont, which may relate to persons and to things, is used instead of duquel, de laquelle, desquels, which can never be used immediately after the substantive to which they relate. Les livres DONT vous parlez; Ces dames DONT vous connaissez les aimables qualités ; the books of which you speak. those ladies, whose amiable qualities you know. QUOI, OÙ, D'où, par où. 9. Quoi, meaning the thing which, can of course never be used when speaking of persons, and is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Dites-moi à quoi vous pensez; Je ne sais DE QUOI vous vous plaignez ; tell me what you are thinking of. I do not know of what you complain. 10. Où, d'où, par où, which signify where, in which, to which, from which, through which, always relate to inanimate objects. Ex. Voilà la maison où il est né ; Dans les villes PAR où vous avez passé ; this is the house in which he was born. in the cities through which you came. QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION ON THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. What are relative pronouns ? How many are there in French? When is qui used, and when que? Which of these two pronouns is used as the subject, or nominative, and which as the object, or accusative, of the verb ? Can the relative pronoun be omitted in French? When should lequel be used instead of qui? In what sense are où, d'où, and par où used? EXERCISES ON THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. I. EXERCISE ON RULES 1-4, p. 74. I know a man who (is to go) and see the camp.—I have camp, m. -The lady of whom dame your speak is not handsome.-The person to whom I personne, f. parlez wrote last year has answered me this morning.-He écrivis passée l'année1, f. répondu était a raconté matin, m. Celui who was with you related to me (every thing) that had tout ce qui s'était passed. She will not hear of the lady whom he passé. entendre parler veut (is going) to marry.—Who was with you? It was a genva épouser. était avec Ce mon tleman whose name I know not *.-The man whom I sieur nom, m. sais caresse sent to you was honest.-The man who caresses and ai envoyé flatters us is the most dangerous being I know. The letflatte plus (32-3) être que je connaisse. ters which you have written and shown me were tolerably passablement well written.-The woman, to whom I have lent so much écrites montrées money, and spoken of so often, is dead.-Servants are men parlé mort. Domestiques * Turn the sentence thus: OF WHOM I know not THE name. or women whom we keep and reward for the sernourissons récompensons vices which they do us. rendent II. EXERCISE ON RULES 5-7, p. 74 AND 75. A sovereign who fears God, who respects his laws, and Le craint causes them (to be) respected; who, an enemy respecter; lois, to war, fait de la guerre, loves peace and maintains it in his dominions; who always conserve état ; has the good of his people at heart, should, if possible, bien, m. son peuple à cœur, devrait, s'il était possible, be immortal.-God, who has created us, who (every day) immortel. tous les jours grants us new benefits, commands us to love him.-The accorde (16-2) bienfait, m. commande créés trade to which you apply, commerce, m. vous vous appliquez to which he is devoted, are very honourable.-(Is that) Lying is a vice for which young people ought to have Mensonge, m. gens doivent the greatest horror.-The table upon which you write is horreur, f. table, f. cassée, p. p. écrivez The reasons upon which you ground your raison, f. satisfaisant. appuyez system are satisfactory.-Charity, the exercise (of which) systéme, m. pratique2, f. dont1 is so often commanded in the Holy Scriptures, is one of the recommandé noblest virtues. Ecriture, III. EXERCISE ON RULES 8-10, p. 76. The child of which you (are speaking) is my youngest son. parlez -The sacred religion of which you (so boldly) saint religion, f. the principles, has been sealed (by the) blood of its divine principe a été scellée du founder. Do you know of what your sister complains? fondateur. se plaint -Could you tell me of what he is guilty?-(There is) coupable? Il n'y a Pourriez dire nothing for which he is not fit.-The town to which he is à quoi ne soit propre. gone is precisely the same place through which we passed allé précisément même place, f. par passâmes in (coming up) to London.-(This is) the door through which the thieves came into the house. The prison in voleur entrèrent dans which they used to shut up the prisoners has on avait coutume de renfermer prisonnier a been demolished. été détruite. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. There are five of these pronouns, which, as their name implies, serve to ask questions; they are qui, quoi, que, quel, and lequel. Qui, who, and whom, is used only when speaking of persons. Ex. Qui cherchez-vous ? whom do you seek? Que and quoi are used when speaking of things; and quoi is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Que voulez-vous? De quoi parlez-vous ? what do you want? what are you speaking of? Quel is always followed by the noun to which it relates, and with which it agrees in gender and number. Ex. Lequel is generally used to distinguish one out of several objects of the same nature, and agrees with it in gender and number. Ex. Laquelle de ces gravures pré- which of these engravings do férez-vous? you prefer? people are invited to dinner at your father's; who are they?-Who was the first king of France? fut Pharamond, (according to) the opinion of the most creditable histo suivant digne de foi rians*.-Who can give credit to a young man who does peut ajouter foi, f. not speak the truth? Of whom (were you speaking) when vérité, f. parlez-vous dit I came in ?-To whom did you lend my slate?-Whom do suis entré? avez prêté ardoise, f. you seek?-Who told it to you?-From whom do you cherchez? a dit know it? What (are you doing)?—What do you say savez faites-vous ? dites? 6 What do you ask of me?-One of your cousins is arrived 6 demandez 6 cousin, m. arrivé from the continent; which is it?-An aunt of yourst was ill last week ; which was it?—I have heard était malade dernière2 la semaine 1, f. ouï dire tell me which.étaient perdus; dites that two horses of yours were lost; My brother writes to me that two of your sisters (are going) écrit to learn French; which are they? apprendre le Français; 6 Turn, of the historians the most creditable. vont + Turn, one of your aunts. Turn, two of your horses. |