DONT. 8. Dont, which may relate to persons and to things, is used instead of duquel, de laquelle, desquels, which can never be used immediately after the substantive to which they relate. Les livres DONT vous parlez; the books of which you speak. Ces dames DONT vous con- those ladies, whose amiable naissez les aimables qualités; qualities you know. quoi, où, d'où, par où. 9. Quoi, meaning the thing which, can of course never be used when speaking of persons, and is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Dites-moi à QUOI vous pensez; Je ne sais DE QUOI vous vous plaignez; tell me what you are thinking of. I do not know of what you complain. 10. Où, d'où, par où, which signify where, in which, to which, from which, through which, always relate to inanimate objects. Ex. What are relative pronouns ? How many are there in French? When is qui used, and when que? Which of these two pronouns is used as the subject, or nominative, and which as the object, or accusative, of the verb ? Can the relative pronoun be omitted in French? When should lequel be used instead of qui? When should dont be used instead of duquel, &c. ? In what sense are où, d'où, and par où used? EXERCISES ON THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. I. EXERCISE ON RULES -4, p. 74. I know a man who (is to go) and see the camp.—I have wrote last year has answered me this morning.-He écrivis passée l'année1, f. répondu matin, m. Celui who was with you related to me (every thing) that had était a raconté tout ce qui s'était of the lady whom he (is going) to marry.—Who was with you? It was a gen va épouser. était avec tleman whose name I know not *.-The man whom I caresse sent to you was honest.-The man who caresses and ai envoyé flatters us is the most dangerous being I know.—The letflatte plus (32-3) être que je connaisse. ters which you have written and shown me were tolerably passablement well written.-The woman, to whom I have lent so much écrites montrées femme, f. prêté money, and spoken of so often, is dead.—Servants are men parlé mort. Domestiques * Turn the sentence thus: OF WHOM I know not THE name. II. EXERCISE ON RULES 5-7, p. 74 AND 75. A sovereign who fears God, who respects his laws, and Le craint causes them (to be) respected; who, an enemy respecter; lois, to war, de la guerre, fait loves peace and maintains it in his dominions; who always conserve état; has the good of his people at heart, should, if possible, bien, m. son peuple à cœur, devrait, s'il était possible, be immortal.-God, who has created us, who (every day) immortel. tous les jours grants us new benefits, commands us to love him.-The accorde (16-2) bienfait, m. commande trade to which commerce, m. créés de and the profession profession, f. Est-ce là to which he is devoted, are very honourable.-(Is that) dévoué, the horse for which you avez donné gave a hundred guineas?— Lying is a vice for which young people ought to have Mensonge, m. gens doivent the greatest horror.-The table upon which you write is horreur, f. table, f. raison, f. satisfaisant. écrivez appuyez broken. The reasons upon which you ground your cassée, p. p. system are satisfactory.-Charity, the exercise (of which) systéme, m. pratique, f. dont 1 is so often commanded in the Holy Scriptures, is one of the recommandé noblest virtues. Ecriture, III. EXERCISE ON RULES 8-10, p. 76. The child of which you (are speaking) is my youngest son. parlez -The sacred religion of which you (so boldly) saint religion, f. the principles, has been sealed (by the) blood of its divine principe α été scellée du founder. Do you know of what your sister complains? fondateur. se plaint -Could you tell me of what he is guilty?-(There is) coupable? Il n'y a Pourriez dire nothing for which he is not fit.-The town to which he is à quoi ne soit propre. gone is precisely the same place through which we passed allé précisément même place, f. par passâmes in (coming up) to London.-(This is) the door through venant Voici which the thieves came into the house. The prison in voleur entrèrent dans which they used to shut up the prisoners has on avait coutume de renfermer been demolished. prisonnier a INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. There are five of these pronouns, which, as their name implies, serve to ask questions; they are qui, quoi, que, quel, and lequel. Qui, who, and whom, is used only when speaking of persons. Ex. Qui cherchez-vous ? whom do you seek? Que and quoi are used when speaking of things; and quoi is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Que voulez-vous? what do you want? De quoi parlez-vous ? what are you speaking of? Quel is always followed by the noun to which it relates, and with which it agrees in gender and number. Ex. Quels livres choisissez-vous? Quelle personne voulez-vous dire? what books do you choose? what person do you mean? Lequel is generally used to distinguish one out of several objects of the same nature, and agrees with it in gender and number. Ex. Laquelle de ces gravures pré- which of these engravings do férez-vous ? you prefer? EXERCISE ON THE INTERROGATIVE devez PRONOUNS. choisir Whom should you choose for your bosom friend ?—Ten de confiance ami1? Dix people are invited to dinner at your father's; who are personnes invitées chez they?-Who was the first king of France? Pharamond, fut (according to) the opinion of the most creditable histo suivant digne de foi rians*.-Who can give credit to a young man who does peut ajouter foi, f. 6 not speak the truth?-Of whom (were you speaking) when lend my slate?-Whom do avez prêté ardoise, f. 6 you seek?-Who told it to you?-From whom do you cherchez? a dit know it? What (are you doing)?—What do you say?— savez faites-vous dites? What do you ask of me?-One of your cousins is arrived 6 demandez cousin, m. arrivé from the continent; which is it?-An aunt of yourst étaient perdus; dites My brother writes to me that two of your sisters (are going) écrit to learn French; which are they? apprendre le Français; * Turn, of the historians the most creditable. vont Turn, two of your horses. |