Y means to it, to them, in speaking of things; but is chiefly used in the sense of there, here, in reference to a place antecedently named. Nous y mettrons un verre, Ex. we will put a glass to it. 13. Y and en always are placed before the verb, except in the first and second person of the imperative affirmative. Ex. Laissez-EN un peu, leave a little. 14. When these pronouns occur with others in the same sentence, they follow them, en being always the last. Ex. he asks you for some. Il vous EN demande, Je vous Y EN enverrai, I will send you some there. 15. Moi is never used before en; but oi is cut off, as, donnez-M'EN, give me some. ON THE SUPPLYING PRONOUNS, LE, LA, LES. 16. These pronouns are often used in French, to prevent the repetition of one or more words, or to supply their place. Ex. Etes-vous la nièce de mon ami ? Oui, je LA suis; Il est riche, mais je ne LE suis pas, are you my friend's niece? 17. If the word thus rendered be a substantive, le, la, or les must be used according to its gender and number. Ex. Etes-vous les enfants de mon frère? Oui, nous LES som mes; are you my brother's children? Yes, we are. 18. But if the word, thus understood, is an adjective, then le is undeclined. Ex. Elle n'est pas si riche qu'on Ils ne sont pas si savants qu'ils 19. The objective pronouns, repeated before every verb. Ex. Votre fils vous aime et vous craint, she is not so rich as she is used in French, must be your son loves and fears you. QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. ON THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS. What are pronouns ? How many sorts are there? What are personal pronouns ? How many persons have they? How many classes of personal pronouns are there? What are they? What is to be observed of se and soi? How are it and they rendered in French? Where are personal pronouns placed in French? Is there any exception? How often must the nominative pronoun be repeated? How are I, thou, he, and they, rendered in French? What is done if the pronouns, used in the same sentence, are of different persons? What if they are of different cases? When is the pronoun en used? When is y used? What place do y and en occupy in a sentence? In what peculiar manner are the pronouns le, la, and les used? How often must the objective pronoun be repeated? EXERCISES ON THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 1. EXERCISE ON RULES 1 TO 4, P. 53 AND 54. I love and adore the God of all goodness, who created bonté, f. (a créé) we have old; but it is well ancien bien painted. The house which I have bought is well situated, peint que ai achetée située but I assure you that it cost me much.-The books que coûte me beauсоир. assure * Which is understood after the word benefits; but in this, and similar cases, it must be expressed in French, and translated by que. which you saw in my library are good books; but they que vites ma bibliothèque are badly bound.-My hat is quite new; but it is too sont mal relié. Mon tout neuf trop large. Their coach is old; but it is as good as if it were grand. Leur voiture, f. vieux new. You speak of si était my cousin ; do you know him? mon connaissez -I see her and speak to her (every day).-I find him tous les jours trouve vois parle more reasonable than his sister.-Believe me, go and speak to them.-Lend him your slate.-Your brother parler votre ardoise. Votre Prêtez bought yesterday a very good book, and after having read acheta hier après avoir lu it, he gave it to my sister.-I give you this penknife, but donna ma donne ce canif, mais do not lend it to your little brother.-Send it to-morrow; II. EXERCISE ON RULES 5, 6, 7, and 8, p. 54. I complain, and shall continue to complain, of the imprume plains continuerai de me plaindre dence of your conduct, (unless I see) you follow conduite, f. à moins que je ne voie que vous suivez my advice. I believe you, and thank you (for it).— and pears, and we gathered the finest.-A good dog pays cueillimes fart2 no attention (to those) people who are neither ne1 aucune attention aux ni ennemis gens qui ne sont ni friends nor foes, and declares war against those who déclare la guerre à ceux are troublesome by profession: he knows them (by their) importuns par état clothes, their voices, their manners, and keeps them at a à leurs gestes, tient les à habits, à la voix, proper distance. convenable distance, f. Your sister does not resemble you; ressemble she is neither informed, nor anxious for information; she jaloux de s'instruire instruit neither reads nor writes. We neither love nor esteem ne lit écrit. aimons Miss Turner; she (speaks ill) of every body. dit du mal tout le monde. estimons III. EXERCISE ON RULES 9, 10, AND 11, P. 54 AND 55. Who (was calling) me? It was not I.-The boy Qui appelait me Ce qui dois wants (to speak) to you.-It is I, who am to be rewarded désire parler récompensé instead of him.-My father commanded the cavalry, and I au lieu commandait cavalerie, f. commanded the infantry.-My brothers, sisters, and I, commandais infanterie, f. went yesterday to the concert.-You and your sister concert, m. allâmes are engaged to dine to-morrow with Mr. D.-How darest Comment oses invité à dîner thou answer thy master in so insolent a manner? thou de si insolent1 1 manière2, f. répondre à ton aime whom he loves, thou for whom he takes so much pains?— que pour qui prend tant de peine, f. It is I who wrote the letter; but it is he who carried it.ai écrit lettre, f. a portée la. (It is neither) I, nor thou, nor he, who have broken the Ce n'est ni ni qui avons cassé windows; but it is they who have done it. fenêtre, f. ce ont fait le. IV. EXERCISE ON RULE 12, p. 55. My brother (will send) them to, you, or he (will bring) enverra apportera them to you himself. I asked yesterday a favour of our gracious king, and he granted it to me.-Have you bon accorda bought the watch (of which) you spoke to me last week? acheté montre, f. dont parlâtes 2 1 Yes, I have bought it.-Will you show it to me? Very Voulez montrer achetée me willingly; my daughter (will go for it).—Emma, my watch volontiers ira la chercher is in the next room; bring it to me.-(Here it is), mother. dans voisin La voici, ma mère. -Give it to me.-How do you know that he likes my Comment vous savez1 house?-We showed it to him last Monday. fimes voir dernier2 Lundi1. (Here is) Voici the book; carry it to them.-If they ask a favour, demandent will you refuse it to them ?-Where is your sister? She is in the garden.-Take this fan and carry it to her. Prenez éventail, m. V. EXERCISE ON RULES 13, 14, and 15, p. 56. I never (will consent) to it; and I neither will speak ne1-jamais consentirai2 ne1-ni3 veux parler 3 nor write to him †.-Believe me, go and see them, do not ne vous confide (in it).—We have forced them to it.—I (will take) my fiez pas y brother thither. He (will carry) them to you thither him self. Did you think of what you had promised me? No, Avez-vous pensé à ce que aviez promis Non, but I (will think of it).—It is a good book; we read excelpenserai y C'est on lit lent things (in it).—Our orchards are very fruitful, we see chose, f. y. Nos verger, m. fertile on voit all sorts of fruits (in them). Since those people have sorte fruit, m. y Puisque ces gens Turn the sentence thus: that my house pleases him; que ma maison lui plaît. + The pronoun lui (to him) must be repeated before écrire. |