MODEL OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. AFFIRMATIVELY. INFINITIVE MOOD. NEGATIVELY. Present. Parler, to speak. Pres. Ne pas parler, not to speak. Parlant, Part. pres. Ne parlant pas, not Participle present. speaking. Participle past. Parlé, spoken. Compound of the present. Avoir parlé, to have spoken. Compound of the past. Ayant parlé, having spoken. Participle future. ler, about to speak. Present. Devant par speaking. Part. past. Parlé, spoken. Comp. of the pres. N'avoir pas parlé, not to have spoken. Comp. of the past. N'ayant pas parlé, not having spoken. Part. fut. Ne devant pas parler, not about to speak. INDICATIVE MOOD. Je parle, I speak. tu parles, thou speakest. il parle, he speaks. nous parlons, we speak. vous parlez, you speak. ils parlent, they speak. Compound of the Present. J'ai parlé, I have spoken. tu as parlé, thou hast spoken. il a parlé, he has spoken. nous avons parlé, we have spoken. vous avez parlé, you have spoken. ils ont parlé, they have spoken. NEGATIVELY. Je ne parle pas, I do not Je n'ai pas parlé, I have not speak. Imperfect. Je parlais, I did speak. tu parlais, thou didst speak. il parlait, he did speak. nous parlions, we did speak. vous parliez, you did speak. ils parlaient, they did speak. spoken. Compound of the Imperfect. J'avais parlé, I had spoken. tu avais parlé, thou hadst spoken. il avait parlé, he had spoken. nous avions parlé, we had spoken. vous aviez parlé, you had spoken. ils avaient parlé, they had spoken. NEGATIVELY. Je ne parlais pas, I did not Je n'avais pas parlé, I had not speak. spoken. Preterite. Je parlai, I did speak. tu parlas, thou didst speak. il parla, he did speak. nous parlâmes, we did speak. vous parlâtes, you did speak. ils parlèrent, they did speak. Compound of the Preterite. J'eus parlé, I had spoken. tu eus parlé, thou hadst spoken. il eut parlé, he had spoken. nous eûmes parlé, we had spoken. vous eûtes parlé, you had spoken. ils eurent parlé, they had spoken. NEGATIVELY. Je ne parlai pas, I did not Je n'eus pas parlé, I had not speak. Future. spoken. Compound of the Future. Je parlerai, I shall (or will) J'aurai parlé, I shall have speak. tu parleras, thou wilt speak. il parlera, he will speak. nous parlerons, we will speak. vous parlerez, you will speak. ils parleront, they will speak. spoken. tu auras parlé, thou wilt have sp. il aura parlé, he will have sp. nous aurons parlé, we shall h. sp. vous aurez parlé, you will h. sp. ils auront parlé, they will h. sp. NEGATIVELY. Je ne parlerai pas, I shall or Je n'aurai pas parlé, I shall not will not speak. have spoken. NEGATIVELY. Je ne parlerais pas, I should Je n'aurais pas parlé, I should not speak. not have spoken. IMPERATIVE MOOD. AFFIRMATIVELY. Parle, speak (thou). Present. NEGATIVELY. Ne parle pas, do thou not speak. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Que je parle, that I may speak. que tu parles, that thou mayest speak. qu'il parle, that he may speak. Compound of the Present. Que j'aie parlé, that I may have spoken. que tu aies parlé, that thou may- que nous parlions, that we may que nous ayons parlé, that we may have spoken. speak. que vous parliez, that you may que vous ayez parlé, that you may have spoken. speak. qu'ils parlent, that they may qu'ils aient parlé, that they may speak. have spoken. NEGATIVELY. Que je ne parle pas, that I may Que je n'aie pas parlé, that I may not speak. Imperfect. Que je parlasse, that I might speak. que tu parlasses, that mighest speak. qu'il parlât, that he speak. not have spoken. Compound of the Imperfect. Que j'eusse parlé, that I might have spoken. thou que tu eusses parlé, that thou mightest have spoken. might qu'il eût parlé, that he might que nous parlassions, that might speak. have spoken. we que nous eussions parlé, that we might have spoken. que vous parlassiez, that you que vous eussiez parlé, that you might speak. might have spoken. they qu'ils eussent parlé, that they might have spoken. NEGATIVELY. Que je ne parlasse pas, that I Que je n'eusse pas parlé, that I might not speak. might not have spoken. OBSERVATIONS. 1. In going through the conjugation of parler and of avoir and être, it must have been observed, that two negations are used in French, instead of one, as in English, placing ne before the verb, and the other negation after. Ex. Je ne suis pas ; Ils ne voient personne; I am not. we have not. he never speaks. you do not say anything. For Rules on the use of Interrogative Verbs, see p. 133. 2. The verbs to be and to do are frequently employed in English as auxiliaries, the first with the participle present, and the second in interrogations; but, in rendering such expressions in French, the auxiliary verb to be or to do must not be expressed. Ex. Il vous parle ; he is speaking to you. 3. When a question has been asked in English, an answer is frequently given by merely using the expression have, am, do, will, would, should, &c. In such a case, in French, the verb which has served to express the question, or part of the sentence, must be repeated, as well as the pronouns which the verb may govern. Ex. Avez-vous vu ma sœur? Apprenez-vous le Français ? Oui, je l'apprends; Oui, je l'aime; have you seen my sister? 4. In verbs of the first conjugation, ending in the infinitive in eler, as appeler, and eter, as rejeter, the l or the t are doubled whenever those letters are followed by an e mute; except mener which makes mè-ne, mè-nerai, &c. Ex. Il vous appelle; he calls you. 5. In verbs ending in yer, as payer, the y is changed into i before a mute e. Ex. 6. If a verb ends in the infinitive in ger, as manger, or in cer, as menacer, an e is added to the g, or a cedilla to the c, when either of these letters is followed by a or o. Ex. Nous mangeons; Il les menaça; we eat. he threatened them. 7. When a verb ends in the infinitive in ier, as étudier, prier, &c., the i is doubled in the first and second person plural of the imperfect of the indicative, and of the present of the subjunctive. Ex. EXERCISES ON THE FIRST CONJUGATION. See Rules 1-7, p. 139, 140. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRES.-I play sometimes, but I never jouer, v. quelquefois, adv. mais, c. ne jamais, adv. win. - How much gagn-er, v. Combien, adv. board? We do not does * brother give your for his donn-er, v. pension, f. |