Exercise of ecutive offioer. rectly from the commanding officer, and upon their return from leave will report the same to him. All officers will report their permission to leave the ship, and their return, to the officer of the deck. The departure and return of officers senior to the aid or executive will be reported to the latter by the officer of the deck. (5) These duties of organization, inspection, and police devolve upon "the aid or executive of the commanding officer of a vessel authority by exof war" by virtue of his detail as such "aid or executive," and they, and the exercise of the authority necessary to execute them, are recognized by all military law and usage, and by the statute which authorizes his designation. But they are duties pertaining to the command, delegated, under sanction of law, by the captain to his "aid or executive," who, in carrying them out, is "executing the orders of the commanding officer," and the authority exercised as necessary to their execution is the authority of "the commanding officer," exercised by his "aid or executive," and not the authority of the "aid or executive" himself. By the express provision of the statute, this officer has "no independent authority" as such "aid or executive," but exercises only the authority necessarily delegated for the execution "of the orders of the commanding officer." This delegated authority, however, is recognized by the statute which confers on the "aid or executive," while exercising it, "precedence over all officers attached to the ship," of whatever rank or corps. But this special precedence is given to him only "while executing the orders of the commanding officer on board ship," and is not his under other circumstances. Delegation of (6) The officer in command of a ship of war is not authorized to delegate his power except for the carrying out of the details of the authority. general duties to be performed by his authority. The command is his, and he can neither delegate the duties of it to another, nor avoid its burdens, nor escape its responsibilities; and his "aid or executive," in the exercise of the power given to him for "executing the orders of the commanding officer," must keep himself constantly informed of the commander's opinions and wishes thereon; and whenever and as soon as he may be informed or is in doubt as to such opinion or wishes he must remedy such defect by prompt and personal application, to the end that the authority of the captain may be used only to carry out his own views; and that he may not be, by its unwarranted exercise, in any measure relieved from his official responsibilities, which can neither be assumed by nor fall upon any other officer. (7) The details of these duties may be more fully defined by Authority general or special orders and regulations, but the "aid or execu- other than as tive of the commanding officer of a vessel of war" has, as such executive. "aid or executive," no other duties or authority except those which come within the scope of the above descriptions; and any other authority at any time to be exercised by the officer designated as such "aid or executive" must be such authority only as belongs to him by virtue of his rank in the line. This is his in his own right, with all the power and precedence which belong to it, but it is to be exercised only according to the general rules governing alike all officers of all corps and every grade. (8) It is not necessary, nor consistent with military usage and Not required efficiency, that the "aid or executive" should be required to an- to announce authority for nounce with every order given or authority exercised by him as orders. such, that he is "executing the orders of the commanding officer." The delegated character of this authority is fully understood and Complaints and appeals. Right of of is defined by the statute, which contemplates obedience to it as such by "all officers attached to the vessel," and the statute, while it provides that the officer detailed to act as "aid or executive" shall, “when not impracticable, be next in rank to the commanding officer," still contemplates the same obedience when this is impracticable. (9) Any complaint or appeal growing out of the exercise of these duties should be made to the commanding officer, and the right to make any such complaint or appeal shall not be denied to any person. (10) The right of all officers, whether of the line or staff, to ficers to commu- communicate with the commanding officer at all proper times and nicate with commanding officer. places is not to be denied or restricted; but this does not interfere with the duty of all such officers to recognize and acquiesce in the authority delegated to the "aid or executive" for the purpose of police, organization, and inspection as aforesaid, nor confer upon any such officer the right to interrupt the ordinary course of military organization or duty, while in actual execution, for the purpose of making such communication. Officers in charge of departments. 54. Every officer in charge of a department has the general right, at all proper times, to communicate and confer directly with the responsible commanding officer concerning any matter relating to his department; and his duty to do so is absolute whenever he thinks it necessary for the good of his department or of the service. CHAPTER III. HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS. SECTION 1.-THE PRESIDENT, THE VICE PRESIDENT, AN EX-PRESI- 55. (1) When the President visits a ship of the Navy, all officers Reception of of the vessel shall assemble in special full dress on the side of the the President. quarter-deck on which he enters; he shall be received at the gangway by the flag officer and captain, accompanied by such other officers as may be designated; the yards or rail shall be manned; the guard paraded; and such of the crew as are not otherwise employed formed in order forward of the guard. When the President reaches the deck, officers and men shall salute; the guard present arms; the drum give four ruffles and the bugle sound four flourishes; the ruffles and flourishes shall be followed by the national air by the band; the President's flag shall be displayed at the main at the moment he reaches the deck and kept flying as long as he is on board. A national salute shall be fired as soon as practicable after the President and his suite shall have been received. The same ceremonies shall be observed when the President leaves the ship, the salute to be fired when the boats shall be sufficiently clear. The President's flag shall be hauled down with the last gun of the salute. Other United States ships (2) All other United States ships of war present at the time of the official reception or departure of the President shall, unless present. otherwise directed by the senior naval officer present, man yards or rail and fire a national salute at the same time as the ship visited. (3) A ship of war flying the flag of the President shall be regarded as the senior ship present, and her motions followed accordingly. The Presi dent's ship the senior. President. (4) Whenever the President is embarked in a ship of war fly- Ships falling ing his flag, all other United States ships of war, on meeting her in with the at sea or elsewhere, and all naval batteries when she is passing, shall fire a national salute. ships. (5) When the President, embarked in a boat or ship with his The President flag flying, passes close aboard a ship of war, the guard of the passing other latter shall be paraded in a conspicuous position, four ruffles given on the drum and four flourishes sounded on the bugle, the national air shall be played by the band, and officers and men shall salute. The same ceremonies shall be observed by a ship when passing the President's flag. 56. When the Vice President of the United States visits a ship of the Navy, he shall receive the same honors as prescribed in 52472-09- -3 Reception of the Vice Presi dent. 33 Reception of an ex-President. Reception ident or sover eign. article 55, paragraph 1, except that the yards or rail shall not be manned, and there shall be but one salute of nineteen guns, which shall be fired at his departure, the national ensign displayed at the fore during the salute. 57. When an ex-President of the United States visits a ship of the Navy he shall receive the same honors as prescribed in article 55, paragraph 1, except that the yards or rail shall not be manned, and no flag shall be displayed in his honor, unless the reception takes place in a foreign port, when the national ensign shall be displayed at the main during the salutes. of 58. When the president of a foreign republic or a foreign sova foreign pres ereign visits a ship of the Navy, the same honors as those prescribed in article 55, paragraph 1, shall be extended, except that the national ensign of the country represented shall be displayed at the main during the entire visit and the national air of that country played by the band. Reception of a member of a royal family. Meeting a for sovereign, or member of a royal family. 59. When any member of a royal family visits a ship of the Navy, the honors prescribed in article 58 shall be extended, except that the national flag shall be displayed only during the salute. 60. (1) Whenever a ship of the Navy falls in with a friendly eign president, foreign ship of war flying the standard or flag of a president of a republic, sovereign, or member of a royal family, or passes near such standard or flag, if flying elsewhere than from a ship of war, a national salute shall be fired and the flag of the nation of the president, sovereign, or prince displayed at the main during the salute. Vessels passing Washington's tomb. Ships authorized to salute. Official passing with flag flying. Reception of the Navy. (2) When naval vessels are passing Washington's tomb, Mount Vernon, Va., between sunrise and sunset, the following ceremonies shall be observed as far as practicable: Guard and band paraded; bell tolled and colors half-masted at the beginning of the tolling of the bell. When opposite Washington's tomb, taps shall be sounded on the bugle, guard present arms, and officers and men on deck stand at attention and salute. The colors shall be mast-headed at the last note of taps, which will be the signal for “carry on." 61. (1) None of the foregoing salutes shall be fired by any except ships authorized to salute according to article 127. (2) Any official mentioned in section 1 or 2 of this chapter, when embarked in a boat or ship with his flag flying, shall, when passing close aboard a ship of war, be accorded the honors due his rank. (Arts. 88, 92, and 98.) SECTION 2.-CABINET OFFICERS, CHIEF JUSTICE, GOVERNORS, MEM- 62. (1) When the Secretary of the Navy visits officially a ship the Secretary of of the Navy, all officers of the vessels shall assemble in special full dress on the side of the quarter-deck on which he enters; he shall be received at the gangway by the flag officer and captain, accompanied by such other officers as may be designated; the guard shall be paraded, and the crew formed in order forward of them. When the Secretary reaches the deck, officers and men shall salute, the guard present arms, the drum give four ruffes, and the bugle sound four flourishes; the ruffles and flourishes shall be followed by a march by the band, and the Secretary's flag shall be displayed at the main while he is on board. The same ceremony shall be observed when the Secretary of the Navy CHAP. III.] CABINET OFFICERS, CHIEF JUSTICE, GOVERNORS, ETC. officially leaves the ship, and in addition a salute of seventeen guns shall be fired upon his leaving. (2) When a ship of the Navy falls in with a vessel flying the flag of the Secretary of the Navy, his flag shall be saluted with seventeen guns. If two or more ships in company fall in with a vessel flying such flag, only the senior of the ships in company shall fire a salute. 35 63. (1) When the Assistant Secretary of the Navy visits offi- The Assistant cially a ship of the Navy, all officers of the vessel shall assemble Secretary of the Navy. in dress uniform on the side of the quarter-deck on which he enters. He shall be received at the gangway by the senior officer on board, accompanied by such other officers as he may designate; the guard shall be paraded, and the crew formed in order forward of them. When the Assistant Secretary reaches the deck, officers and men shall salute; the guard present arms; the drum give three ruffles, and the bugle sound three flourishes; the ruffles and flourishes shall be followed by a march by the band, and the Assistant Secretary's flag shall be displayed at the main while he is on board. The same ceremonies shall be observed when the Assistant Secretary of the Navy officially leaves the ship, and in addition a salute of fifteen guns shall be fired upon his leaving. (2) When a ship of the Navy falls in with a vessel flying the flag of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, his flag shall be saluted with fifteen guns. If two or more ships in company fall in with a vessel flying such flag, only the senior of the ships in company shall fire a salute. Members of Cabinet. 64. (1) With the exception that the officers shall wear dress uniform and that the national ensign shall be displayed at the the fore during the salute, the same honors as prescribed in article Chief Justice 62 shall be extended when a ship of the Navy is visited officially of the Supreme by a member of the President's cabinet, other than the Secre- Court. Governor-gentary of the Navy; by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of eral. the United States; by a governor-general of islands or groups of A committee islands occupied by the United States forces, when the visit is of Congress, President pro made within the waters of the islands of which he is governor- tempore of Sengeneral; by the President pro tempore of the Senate, a commit- ate or the tee of Congress, or the Speaker of the House of Representatives; by Speaker of the House of Reprea governor of one of the States or Territories of the United States, sentatives. or of an island under the control of the United States, within the Governor of a waters of the State, Territory, or island of which he is governor. State, Territory, (2) Upon visits to naval stations of the officials named in para- or island. graph 1 of this article, the salute shall be fired upon arrival instead of departure. 65. When an ambassador, envoy extraordinary and minister Ambassador, plenipotentiary, minister resident, diplomatic representative above envoy extraor the rank of chargé d'affaires and below that of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotendinary and minister plenipotentiary, or chargé d'affaires of the tiary, minister United States, visits officially a ship of the Navy, within the resident, or chargé d'afwaters of the nation to which he is accredited, he shall be re- faires. ceived by the flag officer and captain, and such other officers as may be designated, in dress uniform, with a guard, and with honors as follows: (a) An ambassador, four ruffles and flourishes; band to play a march, and on departure a salute of nineteen guns, with national ensign displayed at the fore during the salute. (b) An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, three ruffles and flourishes; band to play a march, and on depar |