ture of events, but shows their interdependence and relations. In short, he is a philosophical historian. JAMES SCHOULER (1839 -) of Boston, law lecturer and author of several legal treatises, has written a History of the United States under the Constitution, and a Life of Jefferson. Mr. Schouler's history is a valuable study of the period from 1783 to 1861. PROF. JOHN BACH MACMASTER (1852 -) of the University of Pennsylvania has written an interesting History of the People of the United States, writing from the bottom up rather than from the top down, after the manner of Greene in his Shorter History of the English People. The work begins at the close of the Revolution, and forms a good continuation of Bancroft. At this date (1897) 4 vols. have been published, and two more are to complete the work. OTHER HISTORIANS. JUSTIN WINSOR (1831-1897), Librarian of Harvard College-A Narrative and Critical History of America, 8 vols., with sources, maps, charts, etc.; also Life of Christopher Columbus and Cartier to Frontenac. HENRY ADAMS (1838 —), History of the United States, 9 vols. embracing the administrations of Madison and Jefferson, 1801 to 1807. Style dry and business-like. EDWARD EGGLeston (1837), noticed elsewhere (p. 118) as a novelist, has published The Beginners of a Nation, it being the first volume of a comprehensive work to be called a History of Life in the United States; also a brief School History of the United States. JAMES FORD Rhodes (1848 ——), History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. The third vol., published in 1895, brings the record down to 1862. E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS, President of Brown University-a good popular History of the United States, complete, 2 vols. ; also Institutes of Economics. CAPT. A. T. MAMAN-Life of Farragut, Life of Nelson, Influence of Sea Power upon History-works of very great merit. MOSES COIT TYLER-History of American Literature. Two parts completed-Colonial Period and Revolutionary Period. Also Life of Patrick Henry. JOHN CLARK RIDPATH-a good popular one-volume History of the United States, complete. LATER CRITICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS WRITERS. Under this head are noticed a few essayists and others not belonging definitely to one of the above classes. The immense literatures of science and theology are not included, each of which would require a separate volume. CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER (1829 —) is mentioned elsewhere (page 121) as a humorist, but he is so much more than a humorist as to require further notice. He is a man of great and varied activity, as novelist, essayist, traveller, etc. He has written three charming society novels-Their Pilgrimage, A Little Fourney Through the World, and The Golden House; Saunterings, A Roundabout Journey, On Horseback, and several other books of travel; As We Go, As We were Saying, and other books of essays; a Life of Irving, in the American Men-of-Letters Series, of which he was editor, etc. He is certainly one of the most versatile and charming of living writers. His latest book (1897) is The Relation of Literature to Life. THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON (1823 -), of a fine old Massachusetts family, has done a great variety of literary work, and done it well. He wrote a romance, Malbone, Out-Door Papers, Atlantic Essays, Short Studies of American Authors, Concerning All of Us (essays), Young Folks' History of the United States, Larger History of the United States, and Memoir of Margaret Fuller-Ossoli. JOHN BURROUGHS (1837 -) writes most delightful essays, chiefly on Nature. His works fill 9 volumes or more. Some of the titles are-Birds and Poets, Locusts and Wild Honey, Wake Robin, Winter Sunshine, A Year in the Fields (1897). In his essays on Nature he combines scientific accuracy with poetic suggestion-he humanizes and idealizes Nature. He also writes very charmingly about books and authors, as in Indoor Studies and elsewhere. His style is fresh, vigorous, clear, and in every way delightful. He lives at West Park, on the Hudson. GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS (1824-1892) belonged both to the ante- and the post-bellum literature. He has been referred to (page 120) as the "Easy Chair" of Harper's Monthly, the editor of Harper's Weekly, etc., but that does not do justice to him. He was greater than his works. He exercised a powerful influence on his generation, but the great mass of his writings is buried in the back numbers of the journals for which he wrote. Two volumes of Essays from the Easy Chair, and Literary and Social Essays have been published, also three volumes of Orations and Addresses. He was the most Addisonian essayist of his time, but he greatly surpassed Addison both in style and conception. His fame, however, will probably rest chiefly on his orations, which in theme, style, treatment, and all the higher altributes of oratory, have rarely been excelled. OTHER CRITICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS WRITERS. DONALD G. MITCHELL, elsewhere mentioned (page 120) as author of Dream Life, etc., has lately written English Lands, Letters, and Kings, 4 vols., and a similar work entitled American Lands and Letters, from the Mayflower to Rip Van Winkle. Pleasant, discursive, and conversational in style. HAMILTON W. MABIE, one of the editors of the Outlook, New York, is one of the best of living essayists, author of My Study Fire, 2 series, Short Studies in Literature, Under the Trees and Elsewhere, etc. PROF. BRANDER MATTHEWS, of Columbia College, literary and dramatic critic, biographer and novelist-Hours with Men and Books; Men, Places, and Things; Wit and Humor, etc. MISS AGNES REPPLIER of Philadelphia has published several volumes of essays and criticisms-Points of View, Books and Men, In Dozy Hours and Other Papers, etc. PATRICK F. MULLANY, " Brother Azarias" (1847-1893)-Development of English Literature, Philosophy of Literature, Phases of Thought and Criticism. ROBERT J. BURDETTE, humorous and miscellaneous writer. He has written some good poems, among them Bartimæus, When My Ship Comes In, and Alone. The last is a touching elegy on the death of his wife. EDGAR W. NYE, "Bill Nye" (1850-1896), a noted humorist. was of the quaint, dry kind, not extravagant, like Mark Twain's. (posthumous), A Guest at the Ludlow. His humor Last book PART III. A CASKET OF THOUGHT-GEMS. America.] Truth.] MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. I. WESTWARD the course* of empire takes its way; A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last. II. BP. BERKELEY. I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. SIR ISAAC NEWTON. There is a tide in the affairs of men, Is bound in shallows and in miseries. Education.] IV. SHAK.: Julius Cæsar. A Bible and a newspaper in every house, a good school in every district, all studied and appreciated as they merit,—are the prin cipal support of virtue, morality, and civil liberty. FRAP KLIN 'Virtue.] V. Mortals that would follow me, Love Virtue; she alone is free; Heaven itself would stoop to her. * Often quoted "star of empire." MILTON: Comus These two things, contradictory as they may seem, must go together, manly dependence and manly independence, manly reliance and manly self-reliance. Death.] Calumny.] VII. But whether on the scaffold high, Or in the battle's van, WORDSWORTH The fittest place where man can die VIII. M. F. EARRY. To persevere in one's duty and to be silent is the best answer School-houses are the republican line of fortifications. Schools.] Teaching.] Teaching.] XI. HORACE MANN. Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, XII. THOMSON: The Seasons. If we work upon marble, it will perish; if we work upon brass, time will efface it; if we rear temples, they will crumble into dust; but if we work upon immortal minds, if we imbue them with principles, with the just fear of God and love of our fellow-men, we engrave on those tablets something which will brighten to all eternity. Learning.] XIII. Do you covet learning's prize ? In ourselves our fortune lies; Life is what we make it. WERSTER. J. W. W. |