GLOSSARY.

The Roman numerals denote the Canto, the Arabic the Stanza. Gloss. I. refers to the same word in the Glossary at the end of the Clarendon Press Series edition of Book I.

A

Abace, i. 26 [Late Lat. abassare, It. abasso, abbassare, Fr. abaisser] to abase, lower. (Hence to abash, bashful, of one who looks modestly down to the ground.)

Aband, x. 65 [Fr. à ban donner, Low Lat. abandonnare, to permit or forbid by public ban,' abandonum, abandum, property used as a guarantee, i. e. over which one's own rights are given up] to abandon, leave. This is probably only a modified form of the word abandon. Levins (Rhyming Dict. 1570) has " abandon, exterminare," so making it equivalent to

banish.

Abate, ii. 19 [Fr. abattre, to beat down, Low Lat. abatare, to knock down, to fell (as wood), thence, to 'abate' the price of goods] to lessen, used actively, as when we speak of 'abating a nuisance, or a claim.' So Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, 3. 2:

"O long and tedious night,
Abate thy hours."

Abolish, iv. 45 [Lat. abolere] to wipe out (a blot).
Abusion, xi. II, abuse, illusion.

Abye, iv. 40; viii. 28, 33 [A.S. abicgan, to rebuy, redeem, pay for; which is from bycgan, to buy; pret. bobte, bought; Goth. bugjan, to buy. See Wedgwood's Dict., Abie] to pay penalty for, suffer for. The word is common in old writers: Chaucer uses the forms abie, abye, and abegge, and the pret. aboughte, shewing the relation of the word to the verb 'to buy.' It is found in R. Brunne, Gower, Piers Pl., Wicliffe's Bible. In Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, 3. 2, the word is written abideThou abide it deare "-shewing that the word was dying out, and used proverbially, without regard to its origin. It is commonly used with dear,' to 'abye it deare."

66

Accloy, vii. 15, to clog up (water with filth), choke. Cotgrave gives an old Fr. verb encloyer, probably another form of enclore, which is a difThe simple verb to cloy is still used of sweet and sticky

ferent word.

things.

Accorage, ii. 38, to enliven, encourage.

Accord (vb.), ii. 30, to bring to terms, make to agree; (subst.), iv. 21; ix. 2; x. 66, agreement.

According (adv.), x. 71, accordingly.

Accourting, ii. 16, receiving courteously.

Accoyl, ix. 30 [Lat. accolligere; It. accogliere, to collect together; O. Fr. acueiller] to gather together to a place.

Achates, ix. 31 [Fr. achat, acheter; It. accattare, Low Lat. accapitare (adcaptare); see Du Cange] purchase of provisions. This is the fuller form of cate, whence caterer, one who provides provisions for others. This form occurs in Chaucer, Prol. 571. Speaking of the Maunciple, whose business was to provide food, he says, "He wayted so in his acate."

Acquite, xii. 3 [Low Lat. acquitare, 'quietum reddere, dimittere'] to deliver, release. Gloss. I. Levins (Rhyming Dict. 1570) has acquit, par pari referre.'

Address, iii. I, to prepare oneself for, direct oneself to. Gloss. I. Admire, Introd. 4 [Lat. admirari] to wonder. Advaunse, iv. 46; xi. 34 [Fr. avancer, following the literal signification, 'to send to the van or front;' It. avanti, avanzo, avanzare, are used in the sense of gain, advancement, from Lat. ab-ante] to lift up in front of one. Chaucer spells it avaunce. The d is inserted from mistaken analogy. Advize, Introd. 2; vii. 38; ix. 38; xi. 44; avize, i. 31; vi. 27, 46; ix. 59; x. 31; xi. 27; xii. 17, 26, 61, 69 [Fr. s'aviser, avis, It. avvisare, Low Lat. advisare, avisare, advisum, O. Fr. adviser, to turn one's glance upon a thing] to look at, see, consider, understand.

Advizement, v. 13; ix. 9, consideration, cautious looking into a thing. See Wright's Bible Word Book, s. v.

Affear, iii. 20, 45; xii. 2 [A. S. afæran, to terrify; fær, danger, fear] to frighten, make affeard; a good verb unhappily lost. Constantly used by Wicliffe (Bible) and Chaucer.

Affrap, i. 26 [It. affrappare] to strike sharply on.

Affright, iv. 30 [It. affrettare, a fretta, in fret or haste] haste and wrath, not fear. In Faery Queene, Bk. III. ix. 16 it is written affret;

"With the terror of their fierce affret." Affront, v. 20, to face. Gloss. I.

Affyaunce, iv. 21 [O. Fr. affier, Low Lat. affidare (our affidavit is a part of this verb), Lat. fides] betrothal; literally, trust, confidence, as in the Prayer-Book, "evermore have affiance in thee," &c., where it follows the Fr. fiancer. Shakespeare uses affy of betrothal, Henry VI, Part ii. 4. I. Late Lat. affidatio is (1) obligation, (2) betrothal.

Afore, iv. 4; viii. 42; xii. 15, before, in front. Gloss. I.

Aggrace (subst.) viii. 56 [It. aggraziare, to restore to favour, pardon; Late Lat. aggratiare, to spare, from Lat. gratia] good-will, favour; (verb), xii. 58, to lend favour to, make gracious.

Aggrate, v. 33; ix. 34; xii. 42, 85 [It. aggratare, or aggradire, to please] to delight, please.

Aghast, viii. 4, frightened (pret. of verb to agast). Gloss. I.

Agree, iv. 3, to bring to terms, make to agree.

Agrise, vi. 46 [A. S agrisan, to fear greatly, to shudder with fear] to make horrible (?); used of the mud which clogged the Idle Lake. The usage of the word in this sense seems peculiar to Spenser. But I think Spenser must have connected the word in his mind with griesly (griesy he sometimes writes it), horrible. Nares quotes Sylvester's Du Bartas:

"Pitious plaints, that did the harts agrise," which gives the right sense of the word = to make to fear. Aguise, i. 21, 31; vi. 7, to adorn, dress out.

dress; and disguise is so to dress as to mislead.

Guise is rightly used of

Alablaster, ix. 44, alabaster. This was the accepted spelling in Spenser's day.

Albe, vi. 4; viii. 28. although.
Algates, i. 2; ii. 12; v. 20, 37;

Gloss. I.

vi. 51 [N. Eng. 'to gang that gait,' to go that way; Icel. gata, a path; A. S. algeats, and geat, an opening, gate] wholly, altogether, in all ways.

All, (I) ii. 12, 34; xi. 38, although, Gloss. I. (II) i. 46, altogether.
Als, i. 7, 40, also. Gloss. I.

Amate, (I) i. 6; ii. 5, to stupefy, paralyse. Gloss. I. (II) ix. 34, to keep company with, be mate to.

Amenage, iv. II, to manage, handle (as a horse). Gloss. I. Menage. Amenaunce, viii. 17; ix. 5 [Fr. amener, Lat. ad manus] carriage, behaviour.

Amend, xii. 57, to alter; or, to help, set to rights again.

Amisse, vi. 22; ix. 58, in the wrong place (having missed his way).

Amove, i. 12; vi. 37, to move away.

Gloss. I.

Annoy (subst.), ii. 43 ; ix. 35; x. 64, annoyance, harm; (verb), vii. 15, to damage, harm. Gloss. I.

Anone, i. 13, forthwith, anon.

Anticke, iii. 27; vii. 4, antique, ancient.

Apayd, appaid, ix. 37; xii. 28 [Fr. payer, It. pagare, Low Lat. appacare, pacare, to satisfy claims, appease] satisfied, paid, appeased (well or ill). So Rider's Dict. (1640) has "well apaid, glad; ill apaid, sorie." So in Chaucer, Persones Tale, we have: "Of the which (i. e. by mercy, &c.) Jhesu Crist is more appayed than of haires (i. e. by the wearing of) or of hauberkis." See also Marchauntes Tale, 1146, "God help me so, as I am evil apayd." Not A. S., but in common use in Chaucer and Wicliffe; probably a Norman word.

Appall, ii. 32, to weaken, diminish. The origin of this word is uncertain. Dr. Morris (Glossary to Chaucer, Clar. Press Ser. 1867) suggests Welsh paller, to fail; pall, loss of energy. Perhaps it is connected with the Eng. verb 'to pall' to make fainter impressions. Chaucer's use of it (Knightes Tale, 2195) is—

"Whan his name appalled is for age." Appeach, viii. 44; xi. 40, to censure or put upon trial (as we now use impeach).

Apply, (I) iv. 37; vi. 5; xi. 1; xii. 10 [Lat. applicare viam, cursum] to direct one's course, ply one's way. Gloss. I. (II.) v. Io; xi. 7, to betake oneself to, labour at.

Approvaunce, xii. 76, approval.

Approve, iii. 15, to try, test, prove.

Arboret, vi. 12 [Lat. arboretum, dim. of arbor] little tree, shrub.

Aread, (I) i. 7, to interpret. (II) iii. 14; v. 16, to tell, explain. Gloss. I. Arear, xi. 36, behind, to the rear.

Arras, ix. 33, tapestry of Arras.

Gloss. I.

Arraught, x. 34 (pret. to arreach) seized on by force.

Arret, viii. 8; xi. 7 [O. E. rette, to impute, O. Norse, retta] to entrust, put into a person's charge. So too in Chaucer, Persones Tale: "I pray them that thay arette it to the default of my unconnyng." A different word from arrest. "According to Cowell, a person is aretted, covenanted before a judge, and charged with a crime." Wicliffe uses the verb in the sense of to reckon, charge.' Spenser 'arretts' a charge to one, the care of a bulwark to another. See Morris, Glossary to Chaucer, s. v. Askaunce, vii. 7 [It. schiancio, athwart, scanzare] sideways. Asquint is another form of this word.

Aspect, xi. 8; xii. 23, appearance. Cp. Milton, Comus, 694, "grim aspects."

Assay (verb), ii. 24; iii. 43; iv. 6, 8; vi. 7, 23; viii. 22; ix. 42; x. 3, 40; xi. 11, 14 [Fr. essayer; Low Lat. exagium (from exigere), a pair of scales, a test, thence, a mark of full weight, stamped on loaves of bread (thence assay-mark' on metals up to standard)] to attempt, try, assail; (subst.), i. 35; iii. 12; iv. 40; vii. 34; viii. 7, 36; x. 49; xii. 13, 38, an attempt. Gloss. I.

Assiege, xi. 15, to besiege.

Assott, x. 8 [Fr. assotter, sot, a fool, from a Low Lat. sottus, whose origin is not known (? sopitus, or from the same root with to seethe, sodden)] to befool. This word was the soubriquet of one of the early French kings, Carolus Sottus,' Charles the Simple. Spenser recognises this word as obsolete, as it is explained in the Gloss. to the Sheph. Cal., March.

Assoyl, v. 19, to loose from bonds, absolve. Still used as a Scottish Lawterm, a man is assoylzed, i. e. acquitted. Gloss. I.

Assure, (I) ii. 32; iv. 23 [Fr. assurer, Lat. securus] to promise, make surety; (II) viii. 30, to secure from harm.

Atone, i. 29; Attone, iv. 18; ix. 21, at one, together.

Attach, xi. 28 [Low Lat. attachiare, which is used in Magna Carta in the sense of to seize on,' Fr. attacher] to seize, take. So in Law, 'to attach a person;' i. e. make him prisoner.

Attend, (I) i. 35 [Fr. attendre] to listen to.

Now used with to,' as to (II) x. 68, to wait.

attend to what is said,' attendere animum alicui. Attone, i. 42; ii. 22, attonce, xi. 18, at once. Atweene, i. 58; iv. 46; vi. 32, between. Aumayl, iii. 27 [Fr. émailler, connected with It. smalto, Low Lat. smaltum, from Ger. schmalt; also spelt amil, amel, whence en-amel. Richardson connects it with A. S. meltan, to melt. Du Cange suggests Low Lat. malta, an architect's word for 'solidamentum.' Palladius has a chapter

'De compositione maltorum et solidamentorum.' If so,

hardened in by fire] to enamel.

Avale, ix. 10, to dismount. Gloss. I.

Avauntage, v. 9, advantage.

signifies colour

Avaunting, iii. 6, approaching, in bragging style.

Avize. See Advize.

Ay, i. 60 [Goth. aios, Gk. del, Icel. ey] ever.

Ayery, viii. 5, airy.

Aygulet, iii. 26 [Fr. aiguilette, dim. of aiguille, a needle, dim. of acus, aculeus; also spelt aglet, aiglet, whence eyelet-holes] tags, points of gold. Aym, vi. 10, direction (by aim,-used of the pilot of a ship).

B.

Bale, ii. 45; iv. 29; v. 16; vi. 34; vii. 23 [Moso-Goth. balwjan, to torment, A. S. bealo] evil, misery, woe.

Balefull, ii. 2; viii. 32; xi. 29, full of bale, misery, mischief. Gloss. I. So balefulnesse, xii. 83, ruin.

Bane, xi. 29 [Goth. banja, a stroke, wound; A. S. bana, Icel. bani, death; O. H. Ger. bano, Fris. bona, O. N. bani] death, destruction. Common in Chaucer in sense of death. The word came to be used of poison in Old Engl.; hence hen-bane, monks'-bane, &c.

6

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Bar, iii. 27 [Fr. barre] to ornament with bars. The bar was an usual girdle ornament, perforated to let the tongue of the buckle pass through it. Originally it was attached transversely to the girdle (Morris, note to I. 331 of Chaucer's Prologue). So "barred with golden bands in this place means that the buskins were crossed by golden bands. Barbe, ii. 11 [A. S. barda, an armed ship of war; Icel. barð, a beaked warship: cp. Fr. barder, of a horse; It. barda, horse-armour] equipments of a horse, horse-armour; made of iron and leather, protecting the chest and neck. It is the same word as, or rather is corrupted from, bard. Grose on Anc. Armour, p. 29, gives us the bards of a horse. The chamfron, crinieres, or main facre, the poitrenal, the croupiere.' The 'chamfron' was a frontlet with a spike between the eyes, defending the horse's forehead and nose; the criniere' protected the neck; the 'poitrenal' his breast; the croupiere' his tail, &c. Hall, Introd. to Henry IV, says “a white corser barbed with blewe and grene velvet embrodered . . . armed at all points," shewing that the barbings were the trappings, rather than the armour. But this may have only been so on festive occasions; for Holland's Livy gives a brave courser barbed and trapped,' as though the barbing differed from the cloth thrown over the horse. Barbican, ix. 25 [Fr. and Ital. barbacano, Low Lat. barbacana] a casemate, or advanced fort; also a watch-tower, or tower used for strength, and for watch and ward as well. In this passage "within the barbican a Porter sate" (where Spenser is describing the human face, of which "the Porter" is the tongue), it is clear that the barbican is not a watchtower or high post, but rather a gateway. "The porch" is the mouth; the "barbican" within the porch the teeth. It is the same word as balcony, being also derived, as Wedgwood shews, from Pers. bâlakhaneb. While,