Journal of African Studies, Volume 2

activities African American appear Arabic authority believe British called century Christian Church civil Coast colonial concerned considered continued culture Dube early economic especially established ethnic European example existence experience expressed fact forces formal French Fulani Ghana give Gold important independence influence interest Islam Israel Israelis Journal later least living London Mandingos March means ment MICHIGAN military mission missionaries nationalist Native Negro Nigeria officers organization period person play political position possible practice present problem question recruits relations Report response result ritual role schools ship slaves social society South South Africa suggested tion trade traditional United University village West Africa York