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A reference to the pages of the American Journal of Pharmacy and the Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association will illustrate the usefulness to all pharmacists, of the life of this great and good man. has left to them a richer legacy of knowledge and professional deportment than has been the result of any other pharmacist of this country, and it is deserving that his memory and labors shall be honored by a monument to the honor of American pharmacy.

When William Procter, Jr. graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, the chairs were occupied by physicians who continued their lectures to pharmacy students for some years after. During this time young Procter was quietly, systematically and unostentatiously working his way to the front. In 1846, his ability was recognized by his associates in that college, and the Board of Trustees elected him Professor of Pharmacy. In October, 1847, he delivered his introductory lecture, which was published in the American Journal of Pharmacy, at that time the only organ of pharmacy in America. The moral and intellectual tone expressed in this first address will always remain a credit to its author. Other pharmacists had preceded him as lecturers on pharmacy, but none of these had persevered to the same extent. David Stewart, Thos. G. Mackenzie, Benjamin Rush Roberts and George W. Andrews had been elected teachers in the Maryland College of Pharmacy in 1841, but they soon resigned their positions for personal demands of their respective shops.

In 1791, an accomplished French pharmacist, fleeing from the massacre at Santo Domingo, came to the United States and settled in Baltimore, Md., where he established himself in business and was eminently successful. When the city of Baltimore was incorporated in 1796, Edmund Ducatel was the representative pharmacist of the new city. Among the reputable men who learned pharmacy under this teacher, may be named Thomas G. Mackenzie, Benjamin Rush Roberts, Elias Durand, George W. Andrews, John Milhau and J. M. Laroque. Dr. Julian Ducatel, a son of Edmund Ducatel, was the Professor of Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the Medical School of the University of Maryland for several years. His successor was Dr. Wm. R. Fisher, a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He was elected to succeed Dr. Ducatel in 1837, and was at the time a member of the pharmaceutical firm of Tyson & Fisher, of Baltimore. He afterwards returned to Philadelphia as a teacher at his alma mater, and later studied for the ministry. Others might be named who have been elevated to high positions in pharmacy, but the list will not show one who was the equal of Procter in patience, perseverance, endurance and unselfish devotion to his calling.

When he entered pharmacy as an apprentice, it was his aim to thoroughly learn the science and art of his chosen vocation, and after he had mastered its difficult problems, it was his highest ambition to conduct it as an honorable profession. For him there was no need of a printed

code of ethics; his every action was an exemplification of ethical conduct. As an investigator, writer and teacher, he was ambitious to learn the truth, which he freely and honestly imparted to others. With him, no bond could be more binding than his word, and though a quick and careful observer, he never degenerated to the tricks of trade for material gain and compensation. In his dealings with men, he was considerate, but always frank and honorable, and this is the monument inscribed on the tablet of memory of those who knew him personally.

Of the few personal friends now left, who will soon follow him to the beyond, some would take pleasure in assisting to erect a monument of bronze to perpetuate his memory for all time, and to honor the purity of American Pharmacy, for which he gave the best efforts of his life.

When William Procter was graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, he dedicated his services to the honor of his alma mater, and his work for its prosperity is very largely the matter of its history. In 1851, when the delegates from the College of Pharmacy met in the city of New York, pursuant to a call from the New York College of Pharmacy, William Procter was present, and he was the most important factor in the organization of the American Pharmaceutical Association, the outgrowth of that meeting. From that time on to the close of his life, he held the post of duty and contributed in many ways to its success at every annual meeting. The Annual Proceedings testify his worth and faithfulness to this Association. When he was made Editor of the American Journal of Pharmacy, the same devotion and labor were bestowed upon that work, and the character of the Journal and his valued contributions to its pages made it the leading Pharmaceutical Journal of America.

While he did not have equal educational advantages with the average student of to-day, he was able to remove difficulties and surmount obstacles by his mild courage in the face of strong opposition. His nature was gentle, sympathetic and kind, and he was ever ready to extend a helping hand and to speak words of encouragement. To be in his presence was to be an inspiration.

So lasting is the memory of this good man, with those who knew him best, that 27 years after his death his successor in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy presented a thoughtful and carefully-prepared memorial address, which was read at the forty-eighth annual meeting in Richmond, Va., and published in the Proceedings of 1900. The last meeting attended by Prof. Procter having been in Richmond, in 1873, this address by Prof. J. P. Remington, and the obituary in the Proceedings of 1874, should stimulate the minds of our members to review the published works of this man of the past century to whom we are so much indebted. This alone should secure a monument to his memory.

During the present year the Congress of the United States paid a beau

tiful compliment to civilization. This Congress of the United States appropriated $8,000 to place headstones, with the names so far as is known, to the Confederate dead in Arlington Cemetery, near the city of Washington, D. C., which was approved by President Roosevelt. It is doubtful if any other nation on the face of the globe would so honor those who had taken up arms against their government.

Another event at the National Capitol of more personal interest to the members of this Association occurred on the 11th or June, 1904, when there was unveiled a monument with a bronze statue of Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and an eminent physician of Philadelphia, who no doubt had a pharmacy attached to his office, as was the custom in his day. This monument is on the grounds of the old Naval Observatory, and was erected by the American Medical Association at a cost of $15,000. The President of the United States, in his address of acceptance, said: "I accept, on behalf of the Nation, the gift so fittingly bestowed by one of the great professions, this statue of a man who was eminent in his services to the Nation as a whole. Here at the National Capitol it is earnestly hoped that we shall finally see commemorated, as the services of Rush are henceforth to be commemorated by this statue, all of the great Americans who, working in widely different lines, by the aggregate of their work make the sum of achievement of America in the world. I thank and congratulate you of the medical profession upon what you have done, not merely in commemorating the foremost pioneer in your profession, but in adding at the National Capitol a figure to the gallery of great Americans who should here be commemorated."

More than twenty years ago the American Medical Association appointed a committee on the Dr. Benjamin Rush Monument Fund. The work has been fully accomplished. During that time all but one of the original committee of eight have died.

We do not believe so long a time will be required to erect a monument with a bronze statue of William Procter, Jr., and we are convinced that the time has come when this should be undertaken. It is earnestly hoped that the Association will appoint at this meeting a committee on the William Procter, Jr., Monument Fund, and at the proper time a preamble and resolution will be presented for the appointment of said committee.

Following his paper, Mr. Hancock proceeded to read a set of resolutions passed at the last meeting of the Maryland Pharmaceutical Association, urging the American Pharmaceutical Association to raise money to erect a a suitable monument to Procter in the Smithsonian grounds at Washington, pledging the support of the Maryland Association to the work. He said Congress would no doubt aid in this work, as in the case of the Gross monument, erected by the surgeons of the United States. He said he expected to introduce proper resolutions at another session.

The Chair called for the presentation of a paper by Mr. W. O. Richtman, of the Government Service, on the cultivation of the opium poppy in the United States, and the author presented the following abstract of his paper, with explanation of a number of charts or maps tacked up before fore his audience, illustrative of the different sections and comparative areas where the cultivation of this plant had been essayed in this country:

THE CULTIVATION OF THE OPIUM POPPY, PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM, L., AND THE PRODUCTION OF OPIUM IN THE UNITED STATES.

BY W. O. RICHTMANN.

The production of opium in the United States was recommended as early as 1764, and accomplished in 1788. The production of opium in this country has been looked upon with general favor by the agricultural, medical and pharmaceutical press. In a few instances only are objections urged to the developments of the above industry. Those who have studied the conditions necessary for the production of opium as a rule, believe that it cannot be done profitably.

The experiment has been tried in practically all of the states east of the Mississippi River. Maine and Indiana are the only exceptions. In Minnesota, Texas, California and Washington, west of the river, trials have also been made. These experiments have been conducted on small and large scales. In some instances, only a few plants were grown in a flower garden, while in others, several acres of the plant were cultivated. In the latter case, instances are reached where the opium produced has been sold with and without profit.

No data are available as to the quantity of opium that has been produced in this country. The quality is recorded in statements of the physiological action of the opium, and in the later experiments, by assays of the morphine content. These assays report that the morphine content ranges between six and fifteen per cent.

These experiments have been conducted with more or less regularity, year by year, for more than a century.

The periods of greatest activity are found when the country was engaged in its several wars, with the exception of the Mexican and SpanishAmerican Wars, when conditions were such as to cause no interference with the importation of the imported product.

The opium poppy has also been cultivated for its seed, and the oil of the seed.

In many of the above experiments various suggestions have been tried to facilitate the collection, improve the quality or increase the quantity of opium produced. All have resulted with very indifferent success.

Mr. Ryan said a firm in Detroit had submitted to his establishment in the last month a sample of opium from Oregon or Washington, as he re

membered, which assayed about seven per cent. of morphine, and they wanted to sell it to his house. The sample was all right, but he did not know whether the product was or not.

Mr. Pettit wanted to know if the Confederate records showed anything on the subject of opium in the South. He had himself dispensed both morphine and opium of Southern manufacture, the morphine as good as you would ordinarily get, while the opium assayed not more than five per

cent.

Mr. Richtman said he had tabulated all the assays made up to the present time, from zero up to 15 per cent., and the average was below what was considered a good quality at the present time-that is, moist opium. The Chair expressed pleasure to know that pharmacists in the government employ were not only willing to do their work well technically, but had the broad spirit to look at these matters from a historic point of view as well as scientific.

The Chair called on Mr. Knox to read a sketch of the Phi Chi Fraternity, and that gentleman, prefacing his paper with the explanation that he had not begun to collect his material in time, and was only able to present an outline of his subject, read the following:

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PHI CHI FRATERNITY.

BY J. W. T. KNOX, OF ALPHA CHAPTER.

For many years Greek letter societies have flourished at the University of Michigan, playing an important part in the student life of that institution, promoting class and college spirit, and figuring largely in the social life of college and town. Although this is true of many eastern universities and colleges in no less degree, the secret society idea has been popular at Ann Arbor to a greater extent than in most other institutions of the kind in the West, and there are now, I believe, between forty and fifty chapters of fraternities and sororities there.

In such an atmosphere it was to be expected, it was even inevitable, that the students of pharmacy should be influenced to undertake the formation of a society along similar lines, especially as it was and is the custom of fraternities there to observe organic divisions of the University, and restrict membership chiefly to students of a single department; there are, therefore, literary, law and medical fraternities, and thus it happened that in the early autumn of 1883 the first pharmacy fraternity, Phi Chi, sprang into being at the first university school of pharmacy, Michigan.

In its beginning, however, the organization was not secret, but partook almost entirely of the nature of a students' scientific society before which papers were read and discussed by the members; at this time it was known as the Phi Chi Society, but after a few meetings were held the fraternity feeling became so strongly felt that it was reorganized with the same membership into the Phi Chi Fraternity, Alpha Chapter, with a new