A proposition put forward to be supported by argument; an argumentative composition embodying the results of original research.
Conformity of knowledge or statement to the thing known or stated.
Such an arrangement of details as will make their sum seem a single thing.
Temporarily delaying the discussion of any specified
One who gives testimony on the trial of a cause; one who appears before a court, judge, or other officer, and is examined under oath or affirmation; one whose testimony is offered or desired; one in whose presence or under whose observation a fact occurred.
Admissions, hurtful, 55.
Advantages of plan, 16; of climax,
21; of enthymeme, 93.
Adverse points, 169, 171.
Affirmative statement, 33.
A fortiori, 152.
Agreement, method of, 115.
Alliance with audience, 241.
Alternatives, principle of, 81; care
in choosing, 84; incorrect, 85;
two or more, 81, 82.
Ambiguity, fallacy of, 105.
Analogy, 158; and induction, 162;
argumentative, 163; false, 167;
fanciful, 171; illustrative, 165;
in proverbs, 167; use of, 166;
varying force in, 166.
Analysis, need of, 26, 122.
ANDERSON, DR. M. B., quoted, 45.
Antecedent probability, argument
from, 124, 125; and sign, 182;
in common affairs, 137; in crimi-
nal cases, 137; in drama, 136;
in fiction, 133; in science, 129;
on both sides, 140; place in or-
der of proofs, 200; preponder-
ance of, 141; varying force of,
ANTIPHON, 125.
A posteriori, 124, 199.
Appeal, personal, 218, 259; direct,
260; low, 237; to motives, 236;
to passions, 104, 216, 237.
Application of principles, 150.
A priori, 124, 199.
Arguing universal, 4, 142.
Argument, 26, 73; body of, 26;
classes of, 73-190; deductive,
88; demonstrative, 73; from an-
tecedent probability, 124; from
example, 146; from sign, 173; in-
direct, 78; inductive, 108; prob-
able, 73.
Arguments combined, 183; se-
quence of, 190.
Argumentation defined (introduc-
tion); and exposition (intro-
duction); equipment for (in-
troduction); field of (introduc-
tion); preparation for, (intro-
duction); use of (introduction).
Argumentative analogies, 163; pe-
roration, 256.
Argumentum ad hominem, 102; ad
populum, 103; a fortiori, 152;
a posteriori, 124, 199; a priori,
124, 199.
ARISTOTLE, 125, 260.
ARMSTRONG, GEN., 247.
Arousing feeling, 238.
Arrangement, 12, 26, 190; deduc-
tive, 15; force in, 192; induc-
tive, 15.
Assertion, bare, 77.
Association of ideas, 22
Assumed cause, 143.
Assumed premise, 99.
Assumptions, 37; defined, 38; force
of, 14, 38.
Audience and persuasion, 219; de-
Authority, 51; abuse of, 53; in-
stances of, 52.
Authorship, signs of, 175.
Babcock conspiracy, 65.
BACON, FRANCIS, 58.
BAIN, A., quoted, 239.
BALFOUR, A. J., quoted, 96.
BALLANTINE, W., quoted, 76, 101.
Bank of France, 156.
Bare assertion, 71.
BARRÉ, COL., 167.
BASCOM, JOHN, quoted, 238, 241.
Basis of experience, 129, 146; of
force, 73; of induction, 109; of
logic, 88; of resemblance, 146;
of source, 124; of use, 77.
BEACONSFIELD, EARL, 143.
BEECHER, H. W., 42, 154, 221, 230,
241, 255.
Begging the question, 97, 149.
BENTHAM, J. H., quoted, 100.
BEST, quoted, 4.
Best evidence, 41.
Belief, effect of, 46.
Bible, 8, 41, 52, 53, 54, 58, 60, 67, 96,
99, 118, 152, 182.
Body of argument, 26; of dis-
course, 4.
BOLINGBROKE, LORD, 59.
Book of Mormon, 52.
BOOTH, J. W., 248.
Brevity of introduction, 10; of
plan, 16.
BRECKINRIDGE, GEN., quoted, 240.
BROOKS, PHILLIPS, quoted, 14, 216,
BROWN, JOHN, 252.
BROUGHAM, LORD, quoted, 253, 263.
Brutus's speech, 215.
Buford case, 240.
Bumble-bees, 110.
Burden of proof, 33; defined, 34;
law of, 34; located, 34.
BURKE, EDMUND, 17, 19, 23, 33, 34,
81, 87, 205, 206, 211, 215, 243, 253,
255, 260.
BURKE, quoted, 17, 19, 24, 25, 33, 34,
59, 82, 84, 89, 92, 103, 146, 147,
170, 194, 202, 227, 231, 244, 246,
267.
BURKE's argumentum ad hominem,
103; antecedent probabilities,
127; deductions, 89; details, 244;
dilemmas, 84; examples, 147;
motives, 235; order of argu-
ments, 202; partitions, 144; pe-
rorations, 256; persuasion, 216,
225; plans, 17, 19; recapitula-
tions, 205; refutations, 206; syl-
logisms, 91; transitions, 23, 25;
use of silence, 59.
BYRON, LORD, 47, 94.
Calhoun, J. C., 184.
CAMDEN, LORD, 51.
CAMERARIUS, 155.
Canals, 155.
Canons, Mill's, 114.
Care in introduction, 6.
CAROLINE, QUEEN, 253, 263.
Cases not alike, 155.
Cause and effect, 22, 113; mutuality
of, 122; assumed, 143.
Certainty, absolute, 73; moral, 73;
practical, 75.
Chains of reasoning, 96.
Character of proposition, 70; of
speaker, 241; of witness, 45.
Characterizing subject, 7.
CHATHAM, LORD, quoted, 261.
Chester. 202.
CHEEVER, H. B., quoted, 98.
Chicago Herald, quoted, 255.
CHOATE, R., quoted, 219, 220.
CICERO, 223, 230, 253.
Circulus in probando, 98.
Circumstances overestimated, 65;
conflicting, 69.
Cumulative argument, 188.
Dartmouth College Case, 7,
221, 252.
DARWIN, CHARLES, 35, 75, 110, 132;
quoted, 110.
Debate, proposition in, 29; pre-
sumption in, 39.
Decorum in speaker, 242.
Deduction, 2, 15, 88, 124; and in-
duction, 114, 121, 123; fallacies
in, 97-108; not persuasion, 244.
Circumstantial evidence, 31, 42, 61, Deductive, 15; argument, 88, 124.
Clan-na-gael, 55.
Classes of arguments, 73, 190.
Climax arrangement, 13, 14, 21; in
arguments, 204; in persuasion,
253.
COLLINS, W. C., 58, 81.
Combined arguments, 183.
Complete method, 114.
CONAN DOYLE, quoted, 14, 75.
Conclusion, 3, 4, 19, 26, 255; irrele.
vant, 101, 103; purpose of, 255;
when omitted, 255.
Concomitant variations, 116.
Concrete, value of, 247.
Concurrent testimony, 59.
Condition, effect to, 180.
Conflicting circumstances, 69; mo-
tives, 140.
Conflict, irreconcilable, 70.
Confusion of terms, 102.
Consciousness, testimony of, 43.
Contradictory testimony, 67.
Conviction, 1, 2; and persuasion,
2, 215, 220.
Coördination, 12, 14.
Corroboration, 188.
Counter-presumption, 40.
Credibility of witness, 44; destroy-
ing, 67.
Critic, The, quoted, 72.
DEFOE, DANIEL, 57.
Defective senses, 75.
Definition, 29, applied, 150; exam-
ples of, 31; logical, 29; quali-
ties of, 30.
Democratic party, 185; convention,
127.
Demogague and statesman, 227.
DEMOSTHENES, 253.
Demonstrative argument, 89.
Description, 244.
Destroying credibility, 67.
Destructive dilemma, 83.
Details, indications, 116; presen-
tation of, 244; too many, 246.
DEXTER, SAMUEL, 197.
Dial, The, quoted, 211.
DICKENS, CHARLES, 134, 148.
Difference, ignoring the, 155;
method of, 115.
Different arguments, 200; use of,
81; minds, 200; subjects, 200.
Difficulty in refuting, 213.
Dilemma, destructive, 83; fallacies
in, 85; in Burke, 84; in Hux-
ley, 84.
Direct appeal, 260; argument, 77;
evidence, 61; and indirect, 82.
Directing feeling, 238.
Discourse, parts of, 5.
Discoveries, effects of, 117, 171.
Discrediting witness, 68.
Discrepancies, 59.
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