if pearls like drops of dew hang upon them, they are in health; but if they are hot, dry, and scurfy, some distemper is beginning to grow.

FOR ANY IMPOSTHUME, BOIL, OR SWELLING.

Take lily-roots, boil them till they are a pap in milk, and apply it hot to the sore. When the sorc comes to be soft, you may open it with a hot iron, if you find need, and heal it with tar, turpentine, and oil, mixed together, adding a little hog's-lard to it when boiling hot.

TO KILL WORMS.

Chop savin small, and mix it with sweet butter, roll it into balls, and give it for two or three days; afterwards give him about a pint of sweet wort, in which dissolve a little black soap, and it will bring them away; keep him warm after it, giving him warm water, and without meat three hours.

BLEEDING A Cow.

Except it be in an extraordinary case, never take above a pint of blood from a milch cow at a time.

FOR A LOOSENESS, OR BLOODY FLUX.

Take some sloes, boil them in a little water, and add some powdered chalk, and a little quantity of whitning to it, and put it when cold into the water the cows drink

WINTER FATTENING IN THE STALLS AND OTHER PLACES; OR, STALL FEEDING NEAT CATTLE

THIS is the practice of fattening cattle in the winter season on different sorts of moist and dry substances, instead of grass. It was formerly a disputed point, whether such stock could ever be advantageously fattened when tied up or fastened in stalls or other places; but numerous facts, the results of extensive trials, have now most satisfactorily, and in the fullest manner, proved that it is the best and most beneficial method that can be had recourse to for the purpose at that time of the year; and that from the great utility of it, some practice of the same, or a similar kind, should even be more resorted to in the summer keeping of cattle than has yet been the case, as has been shown in the preceding section.

In this sort of fattening, great care and attention is necessary in many respects, as will be fully described hereafter; but the most convenient, least wasteful, and the best method of forwarding the condition of the beasts, and completing the business, is, most probably, that of not wholly confining them to the stalls or houses, but letting them out occasionally. For instance, when the weather is suitable, they should

be turned out two or three times in the day into the yards, in order that they may indulge more fully in their natural habits, that their desire for food may be sharpened, and the danger of being disgusted or cloyed with it avoided; by which regulation, they will feed or take on flesh and fat in a more ready manner, and the process of fattening be more expeditiously and perfectly effected.

The large breed of short-horned cattle are generally the most proper in this intention, and stand the practice in the best manner.

Modes of Feeding in this way.-In winter fattening beasts of the neat-cattle kind, there are several different methods pursued in different districts and parts of the country; in some (in the more southern parts especially,) it is a common practice to have food, when of certain root sorts, eaten by the stock, upon some perfectly sound, dry, and convenient portion of sward and stubble land, to which it is taken for the purpose. This method can, however, be only made use of in cases where such sorts of lands to some extent prevail, and where the smaller sorts of such stock are employed, as there are but few instances of ground being so free from wetness at this time of the year as not to be greatly injured and broken up by the treading of heavy cattle. Less perfect managers in some places, leave the crops of such kinds so as to be eaten by the cattle on the land, but which, in all cases, is a bad and wasteful practice. The method which is the most useful, and attended with the most advantage, is, therefore, in all probability, that of feeding the cattle in the stalls or shed-houses, connected with suitable yards for turning them into occasionally as may be necessary; though that of confining them wholly to the stalls is in the most common use, as in all the ways

of feeding or fattening such stock on the ground in the fields, there is the almost insuperable objection of the loss of so much rich and valuable manure as must always be formed in such cases. Besides, from the greater exposure, and other circumstances, the cattle cannot possibly thrive so well. In some cases of this practice, the cattle are at first only brought to the stalls during the night, but afterwards constantly tied up in them.

Time of Beginning and Continuing the Practice.-It is usual to begin this method of feeding about the time when the pastures and aftermath grasses fall off in their supplies of food, or are quite finished; as towards the end of the first winter month, continuing during the whole of the commencement of the practice is, therefore, precisely when cattle can in general be the most readily brought in and procured for the purpose; and the termination of it, that at which beef usually brings the best price in the market, and the stock, of course, sells the highest, which are advantages in its favour of some importance to those engaged in the business.

Suitable Sheds, Stalls, and Yards, for the Purpose.The houses or buildings and stalls for this use, are, in general, badly contrived in several respects, being in common too much exposed in their nature and situations to cold winds and rains, which have a great deal more effect in checking and retarding the thriving and fattening processes than is usually supposed, as a due degree of warmth may fairly be said to be as necessary in these matters as that of the food which is consumed; for, in nearly the same degree as such effects of the weather are prevented, will the cattle get forward and become fat. Too little attention has been bestowed upon the natural habits, constitutions, and disposinons

of the cattle, in construction and fitting up of such buildings and places; while vast expense has often been incurred for contrivances which have no relation whatever to the economy of the animals. Among the latter are what are frequently termed keelers, for holding water, fixed up in each stall, and to each of which the water is separately conveyed by pipes or other means; they are mostly of the same size and capaciousness as the mangers for containing the different roots and other such matter, and the separate divisions for meals, oil-cakes, bran, chaff, and other such like substances, without their being intermixed, and are put up to some proper height level with them in the fore-parts of the stalls, just before the heads of the beasts, for the ease and convenience of their feeding, as well as to prevent the labour and trouble of letting them loose and taking them to the water. But the natural habits of cattle are to take their food of all sorts from the surface of the ground, and their water from ponds, pools, and rivers or brooks, which method is the most favourable to their health, and of course to their thriving and feeding or fattening. They do not stand in need of any such costly accommodations or contrivances, but eat their fodder and provisions more keenly, and with better effect, when laid on the ground, or from low situations, than when put in such mangers, boxes, or troughs, as the results of the most careful and exact trials have fully proved. Besides, there is less smell and nastiness produced in this way than by such confined contrivances; and both the taste and smell of neat-cattle are extremely acute and nice. It is, consequently, only necessary to have proper shallow spaces for holding the provisions and fodder nearly even with the surface of the ground, with moveable divisions, so that the whole may be readily