as any sudden transition from heat to cold, and even in some cases, though not to so fearful an extent, a sudden removal from a cold to a heated atmosphere; exposure to a current of air when in a state of perspiration; applying cold water to the body and legs while the animal is hot; all these will produce inflammation of the lungs.

Mr. Youatt, in his work entitled "the Horse," says, "He who would have his stud free from disease, and especially disease of the lungs, must pursue two objects, coolness and cleanliness. In the gentleman's stable, the first of these is studiously avoided, from the prejudice or the idleness of the groom, and from these stables proceed most of the cases of inflamed lungs ; especially when this heat is combined with that temporary but mischievous nuisance, the repeated breathing of the same air during the night, and that air vitiated by the fumes of the dung and urine. In the stables of the post-master, where not only closeness and heat, but the filth that would not be in a gentleman's establishment, are found both inflammation of the lungs and glanders prevail; and in the stables of many agriculturists, cool enough from the poverty or the carelessness of the owner, but choked with filth, inflammation of the lungs is seldom seen; but mange, glanders, and farcy abound."

Whatever may be the cause of this disease, it is very certain that its effects are most rapid, and its duration most uncertain; this arises from the lungs being more vascular than any other parts, and as they are enclosed in a case of very circumscribed dimensions, the swelling which is attendant on inflammation taking place in this confined space, the air-cells become nearly closed, which may also account for the difficulty of breathing which accompanies this complaint.

T

Symptoms. Its approach is testified by the most deceitful and treacherous symptoms; and those well versed in the veterinary science, have at first mistaken it for catarrh in some animals and colic in others. The coat stares; the extremities are colder than usual; and as the disease progresses, a great difficulty in breathing exists; there is but little appetite for food; the horse looks very dull and heavy; and shortly the pulse becomes irregular and very indistinct. The disease, thus beginning, mortification soon takes place; the legs and ears become perfectly cold; the breathing becomes more and more difficult; the flanks heave rapidly; the teeth grind; and after ineffectual efforts to stand, the animal falls to rise no more. If the disease has worked this change in a few hours, the post-mortem appearances exhibit every symptom of suffocation; the lungs are filled with black blood, and many suppose from the colour and apparent rottenness in this case, that the disease has been contracted some considerable time; but we may rest assured that this state has arisen solely from an inflammation most intense in its nature, and rapid in its progress.

Treatment. The horse, on the first attack, must be bled; five quarts will in most cases be sufficient; but if the animal be plethoric, and exhibit great difficulty in breathing, six or seven quarts may be taken. The bowels must then be attended to: after back-raking, a clyster composed of six ounces of Epsom salts dissolved in thin warm gruel, must be administered; this must be repeated every fourth or fifth hour till it produces the desired effect. Purges are very far from useful in this disease; indeed oftentimes being rather hurtful than otherwise.

If the first bleeding has not been successful in allay

ing, inflammation, the fleam or lancet will be called into action a second, and even a third time; although the second generally suffices. An interval of six hours must be allowed to observe the benefit derived from each operation.

We must now use means to prevent the return of the inflammation. Some prefer rowels, but a blister is far the best. After shaving the hair off the chest and sides, below and behind the elbow, and between the fo.e-legs, apply the following blister ointment :

This must be well rubbed in.

The clyster having performed its office, this sedative may be used to diminish the irritability of the system.

This is used twice a day, but must not be continued for any length of time. Forty-eight hours generally decides the fate of the If the blister or rowel does not take effect, the worst consequences may be apprehended; and when the breath stinks, and the discharge from the nose b.comes offensive, dissolution is nigh.

horse.

The blister must be repeated; if the state of the animal will allow it, bleed again, and a little tonic medicine may be tried.

Great benefit will accrue by rubbing the horse with the hand and using flannel bandages to the legs.

A cold mash, green food, and hay, may be given

during these processes; and as a restoration to health advances, corn and hot mashes must be carefully avoided.

The internal medicine used by many consists ofCape Aloes

Digitalis

Nitre

1 drachm,

mixed into a ball with honey or treacle, and given every five or six hours and to aid the cough--

Liquorice Powder

is sometimes added.

2 drachms,

As the horse gains strength he may be exercised daily, but not allowed to be fatigued, or to be exposed to cold green food is always recommendable in inflammation of the lungs.

In some few slight cases, where mortification does not appear to exist, and nature struggles to resist the effects of the disease; if bleeding has not been resorted to, and the quantity of mucus discharged from the nostrils is great; and when the legs and lower portions of the chest swell, the undernamed diuretic ball is given to carry off the water which abounds:

This can be given every twenty-four hours, cleansing the nostrils frequently during the day, as also the rack and manger.

PLEURISY,

Is not very dissimilar from the last disease in cause, symptoms, and cure; this being inflammation of the

pleura or membrane which covers the lungs and lines the chest and not affecting the substance of the lungs themselves. The great distinction is, that in pleurisy the pulse is not oppressed, but rather hard and full, and the membrane of the nose not so intensely red as in inflammation of the lungs. At first he strives to lay down, but soon starts up again; and if not speedily relieved soon expires.

Bleeding, blisters, and sedative medicines, must be used as in the last disease; puncturing the chest seldom produces any good effects, and consequently must not be relied on. Purgatives may be used in pleurisy.

"As pleuritic disorders," says Mr. Gibson," are more apt to leave some taint on the lungs than common colds or other inflammatory disorders, a great deal of care must be taken upon his recovery that his feeding be proper, and in right quantity, and his exercise welltimed. A horse should be kept to a light open diet for a fortnight or three weeks, viz., a quartern of bran scalded every day; and besides that two or three small feeds of the cleanest and sweetest oats sprinkled with water.

Instead of the scalded bran, it will be well to give him sometimes for a change, about a quart of barley scalded in a double infusion of hot water, that it may be softened, and the water may be given him to drink.

"His exercise should be gradual, and increased as he gathers strength, and always in an open free air when the weather is favourable. If there be any remains of a cough, the air, with moderate exercise, will tend greatly to remove it, and the remedies usually given in chronic affections of the chest resorted to. Purging is also proper after pleuritic diseases, but the purges should be very gentle.

"The following proportion will generally suffice: