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AND SHIP NEWS

chandise and materials which are produced in the Eastern seaboard sections of the country and move into the southern and western states.

At Savannah the company owns its own terminal. It is vast in proportions and unequalled at other South Atlantic and Gulf ports, having a value of $4,000,000 and completed in 1916. The slip in which its ships are berthed is 1,020 feet long and 225 feet wide, can accommodate four ships at one time; and its sheds of approximately the same length, are arranged, one for unloading freight from the ships and one for loading freight on the ships, the number of car tracks accommodating a sufficiency of cars.

A Link in a Vast Transportation Chain Nothing superior to the service this company renders its passengers and freight is to be found in this country, the steamship line being a great, strong, ocean highway in a service covering vast and important territories in the East and New England on the one hand, and the South, Southwest and West, on the other.

Its passenger service is very carefully arranged. At certain seasons reduced roundtrip fares are operative, which attract business. During the winter tourist period, October 1 to April 30, roundtrip rates are in effect from the East and from New England and Florida points; while during the summer tourist period, from May 15th to September 30, reduced rates are in effect from the Southern and Midwestern territories to New York and

Boston as well as to the interior East and New England. Summer tourist fares provide for the use of the steamer route in both directions, or the steamer in one direction and all-rail in the reverse direction. This variable routing has proved very popular with the public. Its Steamers

When new steamers are added to the company's fleet, careful study is made before and throughout the course of construction of ways and means of making still greater provision for the entertainment, comfort and convenience of passengers. For example, the latest ships, the City of Birmingham and City of Chattanooga, commissioned in the late fall of 1923, are equipped with numerous suites de luxe of different color schemes, furnished with twin beds and provided with private bath; also with suites with two or three connecting rooms, provided with upper and lower berths, and private bath. All bath rooms have hot and cold, fresh and salt water, with a shower above every tub. The staterooms throughout the ships are provided with hot and cold running water, steel thermos bottles for drinking water, and 12-inch electric fans. Broad promenade decks, a sun deck and a commodious smoking room on the boat deck are attractive features. The ample writing rooms are much patronized. There is a spacious and luxuriously furnished music room on the promendate deck forward, where programs of selected music, singing and dancing are continuous during the evenings. Perhaps the potentially magnetic spot on the

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The Music Room, luxurious in its appointments and with its atmosphere of cordial hospitality, is the social

center of the ship, and many are the opportunities which it affords the music lover.

AND SHIP NEWS

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With its palmettos and other semi-tropical growth, its numerous points of historic interest, many fine homes both modern and colonial, its excellent hotels, golf courses and good roads, Savannah has an unusual attraction for tourists. Extremes of temperature are seldom experienced, and this charming city is fast becoming a Mecca for those in search of climatic uniformity throughout the year.

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A view of the big terminal docks and warehouses of the Ocean Steamship Company at Savannah, Ga.

AND SHIP NEWS

ships is the handsome dining saloon located on the hurricane deck forward. There are tables seating two, four and eight, and a place for every first-class passenger at one sitting. The meals are a theme of never-ending commendation from gratified passengers. The company yields to no water-line competitor in the appointments of its dining saloons and the cuisine and service to travelers on its ships.

Regular Schedules Maintained

The distance between New York and Savannah is 710 nautical and 818 statute miles; and the distance between Boston and Savannah is 934 nautical and 1076 statute miles.

The steamers City of Birmingham, City of Chattanooga, City of St. Louis and City of Montgomery, on the New York-Savannah Line, maintain a tri-weekly service, sailing from New York at 3 p. m. on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, and from Savannah 4 p. m. on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays.

The steamers City of Savannah, City of Atlanta and City of Columbus are employed in the Boston-Savannah Line maintaining a semi-weekly service. The sailing hour from Boston is 3 p. m. on Tuesdays and Saturdays and from Savannah 4 p. m. on Mondays and Thursdays. Schedules are so arranged that ships arrive in ports at a convenient hour in the morning.

The ships are completely and competently manned in every department and the company feels a great pride in the personnel of its officers and crews, most of its officers rising from the ranks and remaining for long years in the company's service.

In every respect, in its ships, their officers and crews, cuisine, service, safety, comfort and pleasure of its passengers and the carriage of freight, the Savannah Line ranks with the best in the coastwise trade of the United States, which is unequalled in all the world, and is a credit to the country whose flag its ships fly.

Steamship Company of Savannah. With this long and practical experience, Mr. Richardson's knowledge of shipping in general and the affairs of his own company in particular, has made him the important factor in its affairs that he is. His most delightful theme of conversation is the Savannah Line, of which he has every right to be proud, as he is, and regarding the smallest detail of which he can give you the fullest information; he deserverdly praises the ships and extols their officers, a cheery word and a helpful push for everything and everybody; not a minute to waste, but time unlimited to keep things right.

The officials of the Ocean Steamship Company of Savannah-better known as the Savannah Line-are: C. H. Markham, Chairman of the Board, Chicago; L. A. Downs, Presidest, Savannah; E. R. Richardson, Vice President and General Manager, Pier 50 North River, New York; L. Collins, Superintendent; T. N. Cook, General Freight Agent; G. R. Angevine, General Passenger Agent; J. W. Reilly, Eastern Traffic Agent; and A. R. Story, Commissary, all of Pier 50, North River, New York.

Plenty of Barge Canal Tonnage? Survey Commission is quoted in the Troy Times as deSenator Leonard W. Gibbs, chairman of the Canal claring that there is plenty of tonnage available to be put on the canal, that there is a demand for packet freight service, that three new companies are preparing 40 per cent in freight rates sought by the railroads will to start operations and that the advance of from 30 to give the canal its opportunity to "get back on its feet."

One of the new companies to operate between Toronto and New York through the Champlain division is now starting its service and the other two will be ready in the spring, Senator Gibbs said. The survey has discloseed that canal tonnage has increased 25 per cent each for the last five years, which is most encouraging as a practical proposition. The chairman added fore this had it not been for the talk of "scrapping the canal."

Officials of the Ocean Steamship Company of that the new companies would have operated fleets be

Savannah-the Savannah Line

A few words regarding Vice President and General Manager E. R. Richardson, of the Savannah Line, the official of the company locally in charge, are pertinent here: Mr. Richardson was born and reared in the mountainous southwestern section of Virginia, his ancestors having migrated from England and settled in what is now known as Rich Valley, Virgina, early in the eighteenth century. He is, therefore, of revolutionary stock. After completing his education, he chose a career in the transportation field, first in varying minor capacities with the old Florida Central & Peninsula Railroad (now a part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway) at Jacksonville, Florida, under the immediate direction and tutelage of Mr. W. H. Pleasants, the General Freight Agent of that railroad and who later became President of the Ocean Steamship Company of Savannah. Mr. Richardson came from Jack sonville to the Savannah Line with Mr. Pleasants in the fall of 1900, and has bees since continuously in the service of the compeny, with the exception of the Federal Control period (January 1st, 1918, to March 1st, 1920), during which period he was consecutively Assistant to Mr. L. J. Spence, Chairman of the Coastwise Steamship Advisory Committee, assistant to the Federal Manager of the combined coastwise lines, and finally Federal Manager. At the termination of Federal control Mr. Richardson became and still remains Vice-President and General Manager of the Ocean

Larger Locking Capacity Needed

The survey apparently has disclosed no such serious menaces to traffic on the canals as have been reported. for Senator Gibbs stated that the majority of accidents for which poor canal conditions had been blamed really were due to faulty operations by pilots and captains. There is a need, however, for larger locking capacity, with 1,000 foot locking facilities instead of the present 350 foot equipment.

Even with such meager disclosures of what the investigation and survey of canal needs and possibilities has revealed, it is evident that the Barge Canal has great potentialities as a traffic route in its present estate, with such improvements as experience in the last few years has suggested. With transportation corporations ready to undertake the operation of shipping lines there must be assurance that the canal will be maintained in efficient condition, and there must be no more of the "scrapping the canal" talk to frighten off operating companies.

There is plenty of tonnage of bulk freight, more than the railroads have been able to handle, which frequently can be transported more expeditiously by water than by rail and much more economically, he said. But the boats and the facilities must be provided, and continuous regular service must be assured throughout the

season.

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Synopsis of Opinion of Honorable Charles E. Hughes, Covering
the Validity of the Organization of the Port of New York
Authority, Its Powers and Immunities, and the Status of the
Bonds to Be Issued By It For the Construction of the Bridges
From New York to New Jersey Over the Arthur Kill, Staten Island

1. The Port of New York Authority is a public corporation, created by compact between the States of New York and New Jersey, with the consent of the Congress of the United States.

2. The compact established a Port of New York District, consisting of defined territory, and created The Port of New York Authority as a body corporate and politic, with authority to purchase, construct, lease and/or operate any terminal or transportation facility within the district, and to make charges for the use thereof, and for any of such purposes to own, hold, lease and/or operate real or personal property, to borrow money and secure the same by bonds or mortgages upon any property held or to be held by it. By the approval of the Comprehensive Plan by the two states, with the consent of Congress, the powers vested in the Port Authority became effective. The Port Authority is duly constituted and the compact between the States of New York and New Jersey is valid and in effect.

3. The Port of New York Authority is a public agency of the two states. It is not a private agency. The authority which it is to exercise is a public authority granted by the legislatures, to be exercised on behalf of the public.

4. The Port Authority is none the less a public instrumentality because it is the instrumentality of the two states instead of one. Each state has the constitutional power to establish an instrumentality of this character and each state has the constitutional competency, with the consent of Congress, to enter into a compact with another state to establish a similar joint instrumentality. The Port Authority must be regarded as validly constituted, as the competent public agency of both states.

5. The Port Authority is duly authorized to build the two bridges over the Arthur Kill.

6. The Port Authority is duly authorized to acquire property for this purpose, and if necessary, to institute condemnation proceedings.

7. The power to institute condemnation proceedings expressly granted, being for a public purpose, is validly granted.

8. The moneys required for the construction of the bridges are to be derived from moneys made available by the legislative action of the two states and by bond issues.

9. The states have enacted legislation providing for four million dollars, or two million dollars each, to be paid to the Port Authority and used toward the construction of these bridges.

10. The legislation in New York, insofar as it requires the payment by the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission of $400,000 for three years from tolls and charges collected for the use of the vehicular tunnel, is constitutional and not in violation of Article VIII, Section 9, Article VII, Section 1, or Article III, Section 21, of the New York State Constitution. Before passage of the act in New York, and while the appropriation bill was pending in New Jersey, the Attorney General of New Jersey rendered an opinion that it was within the constitutional powers of the legislature of New Jersey to make such an appropriation and that if, under the solemn agreement made between the two states, an appropriation of two million dollars were actually made, it is beyond the power of a succeeding legislature to repeal such legislation and the repealer would be void as an impairment of contract forbidden by both the Federal and the state constitutions.

11. The Port Authority is duly authorized to borrow money and to issue its bonds for the construction of the two bridges and incidental purposes, such bonds to be secured by the tolls and charges derived from the bridges.

12. The legislation under which the Port Authority is acting places upon the Port Authority the duty to provide adequate tolls and charges for the purposes described and the performance of this duty may be compelled by any court of competent jurisdiction.

13. The Port Authority may include in its bonds the pledges of the two states and make these pledges a part of the contract with the bondholders. These provisions, when incorporated in the bonds issued to and held by bondholders, will constitute irrevocable contracts protected by the Federal Constitution.

14. The Port Authority is not required to pay any taxes or assessments upon any of the property acquired by it for the construction, operation or maintenance of the two bridges.

15. Each state pledges and agrees with those taking the bonds issued by the Port Authority for the construction of the two bridges and incidental purposes that the state will not authorize the construction or maintenance of other highway crossings for vehicular traffic of the waters of the Arthur Kill between the two states in competition with the said bridges, nor will it limit or alter the rights now vested in the Port Authority to establish and levy such charges and tolls as it may deem convenient or necessary to produce sufficient revenue for the purposes above stated until the bonds are fully paid off and discharged, provided that such crossings shall be considered as competitive with the bridges crossing the Arthur Kill only if they shall form a highway connection for vehicular traffic between the two states across or under the Arthur Kill, and provided further that nothing contained in the act shall preclude the authorization of such additional interstate crossings if and when adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of the bonds. These provisions, as well as the other provisions, when incorporated in the bonds will be irrevocable as a part of the contract with the bondholders. 16. The bonds issued by the Port Authority, as well as the income therefrom, will be exempt from both Federal and state taxation. The immunity from taxation by the states when the bonds have been issued and are in the hands of bondholders will constitute a contract with each state, protected from impairment by the Federal Constitution. Immunity of the bonds from Federal taxation follows from the fact that the Port Authority is a public agency, a government instrumentality of the two states. These bonds will be on the same footing as state and municipal bonds issued for governmental purposes.

17.

The income of these bonds will be likewise free from Federal and state taxation.

18. The bonds issued by the Port Authority for the construction of the two bridges and incidental purposes will constitute securities in which all public officers and bodies of New York and New Jersey and of their municipal subdivisions, all insurance companies and associations, all savings banks and savings institutions, including savings and loan associations, executors, administrators, guardians, trustees, and all other fiduciaries in New York and New Jersey may properly and legally invest funds within their control.

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