Bible, and school books in the Cherokee language, and such other books in Cherokee or English, as will tend to diffuse knowledge through the nation. A prospectus has also been issued for a newspaper, entitled the Cherokee Phanis, to be printed partly in Cherokee and partly in English; the first number of which was expected to appear early in January. All this has been done by order of the Cherokee government, and at their expense. They have also hired a printer to superintend the printing office, to whom they give $400 a year, and another printer to whom they give $300. Mr. Elias Boudinot, who was educated, in part, at the Foreign Mission School, and extracts from whose address, delivered in many of our large towns, were published in the news papers, has been appointed Editor, with a yearly salary of $300.

The Allied Squadrons and Greece.Little has been heard of much importance, from this region since our last. The Greek cruizers continue to infest the seas; and the Allied Squadrons seem determined on measures for putting a stop to this lawless plunder. In an Address to the Legislative Body of

Greece, signed by the Admirals of the three Allied Powers, they say;

We here declare to you, with one voice, that we will not suffer your seeking, under false pretexts, to enlarge the theatre of war, that is to say, the circle of piracies.

We will not suffer any expedition, any cruize, any blockade, to be made by the Greeks beyond the limits of from Volo to Lepanto, including Salamina, Egina, Hydra and Spezzia.

We will not suffer the Greeks to incite insurrection at Scio or in Albania, thereby exposing the population to be massacred by the Turks in retaliation.

We will consider as void, papers given to cruizers found beyond the prescribed limtts; and the ships of war of the Allied Powers will have orders to arrest them, wherever they may be found.

There remains for you no pretext. The armistice, by sea, exists, on the part of the Turks, de facto. Their fleet exists no more. Take care of your's-for we will also destroy it, if need be, to put a stop to a system of robbery on the high seas which would end in your exclusion from the law of nations.

Dec. 5.-Rev. TYLER THATCHER, as an Evangelist, at Wrentham, Mass. Sermon by Rev. Mr. Thompson.

Dec. 5.-Rev. WILLIAM L. BUFFETT, was installed Pastor of the Church of Atwater, Ohio. Sermon by Rev. Mr. Storrs.

Dec. 5.-Rev. SAMUEL K. SNEED was installed to the pastoral care of the Lebanon and Springfield Churches, in Washington County, Ky.

Dec. 20.-Rev. JAMES R. WHEELOCK was ordained over the First Church in the First Ecclesiastical Society in Canterbury. Sermon by Rev. Daniel Dow, of Thompson.

Dec. 26.--Rev. PRESTON CUMMINGS, over the Second Congregational in Dighton, Mass. Sermon by Rev. Dr. Park, of Stoughton.

Jan. 1.--Rev. JUSTIN EDWARDS was installed Pastor of Salem Church, Boston. Sermon by Prof. Stuart, of Andover.

Jan. 3.-Rev. MILTON BADGER, over the Congregational Church in the South Parish of Andover, Ms. Sermon by Rev. Prof. Stuart, of Andover.

Jan. 3.-Rev. JONATHAN ALDRICH, over the Baptist Church in Dedham, Mass. Sermon by Rev. Abiel Fisher, of Bellingham.

Jan. 9.-Rev. HOWARD MALCOM was installed over the Federal Street

Baptist Church, Boston. Sermon by

Rev. Mr. Knowles.

Jan. 9.--Rev. DUDLEY PHELPS, over the first Congregational Church of Haverhill, Ms. Sermon by Rev. Prof. Stuart, of Andover.

THAT TIMOTHY WAS AN EVANGEL

IST.

THE facts in the history of the church, which might aid us in deciding upon the nature of the offices mentioned in the New Testa ment, having been investigated; we are prepared to inquire into the written word, on the matters of church government. Although the particular form is but a mean to an end, and of no vital importance; yet it is expedient to defend the cause which God honors, against those exclusive pretensions which have been founded in usurpation.

Two things having been established; that episcopacy, whether parochial or diocesan, was not in existence at the commencement of the age which next followed the days of the apostles, but arose afterwards step by step; and that lay presbyters were never heard of till necessity drove Calvin to the expedient; they ought to have no place in the interpretation of the New Testament.

But it so happens, that the conformity in duties between the diocesan bishop and the apostle and primitive evangelist; and the contrast of the oversight of an individual church by its presbyters, with an episcopate in after ages; are now adopted as arguments to prove, contrary to the verity of facts, that diocesan bishops are actually the successors in office of the apostles VOL. II.-No. III.

15

[No. III.

66

and evangelists, and not of the presbyters in the churches. Thus Timothy and Titus are exhibited as scriptural examples of bishops, though never once designated by that name in the sacred records. Titus is described by Paul as his "partner" and "fellow-laborer." (a) Of Timothy he also speaks, as his "fellow-laborer," and an evangelist."(b) Their work appears to have been to ordain bishops, in the sense of presbyters. Timothy was invested with the gift, "by prophecy with the imposition of the hands of the presbytery."(c) And in an other epistle, Paul speaks of the "gift of God, which was in him by the imposition of his hands."(d) These texts, we have seen, were differently understood in successive ages, according to the progressive advances of episcopacy.(e)

This commission was given him before Paul had visited Ephesus, and without relation to the people of one place more than another. It was in its nature universal, extending alike to the whole church,

(α) κοινωνος εμός και εις υμας συνερyos. 2 Cor. viii. 23.

(b) ἔργον ποίησον ευαγίελισίου. 2 Tim. iv. 5.

(c) δια προπέλειας μετα επιθέσεως των χειρών πρεσβυτερίου. 1 Tim. iv. 14. (α) χαρισμα του Θεου, ο εστιν εν σοι δια της επιθέσεως των χειρων μου. 2 Tim. i. 6.

(e) Christ. Spec. Oct. 1827. p. 507.

and conferring every power necessary to planting, watering, and governing the churches, wherever he should come, if not superseded by the presence of an apostle.

The office was like those of apostle and prophet, extraordinary and unconnected with any particular charge. Ephes. iv. 11. But in whatsoever church he preached, he could as evangelist ordain pastors, or bishops, or there was no propriety in the caution, "lay hands suddenly on no man." This office was superior to that of "pastors even teachers."(f)

Evangelists were not personally instructed and commissioned by Christ; nor had they the extraordinary gifts in equal extent, nor the unerring assistance, or inspiration of the apostles, for the writings of of Mark and Luke were received upon the authority of Peter and Paul.

That Paul and Timothy were together at Ephesus, and that Paul left him there when he went on some occasion into Macedonia, may be plainly inferred from 1 Tim. i. 3. I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia." The time to which there is here an allusion is the more easily ascertained, because the apostle is recorded to have been twice only at Ephesus; on the first occasion, he merely called on his voyage from Corinth and Jerusalem; on the second, he went from Ephesus into Macedonia, according to the words of the epistle.

That Timothy was left at Ephesus, when Paul, expelled by the riot, went into Macedonia, obtains satisfactory proofs. Before he wrote his first epistle to the Corinthians, Paul sent Timothy and Erastus into Macedonia, but he himself remained in Asia for some time. Acts xix. 22. 1 Cor. iv. 17. xvi.

(6) Τους ποιμένες και διδασκάλους, denote the same officers.

10. In the first letter to the Corinthians, which he wrote at Ephesus, and sent by Titus to Corinth, he mentioned his purpose of coming to them, but not immediately; of which Luke also informs us, Acts xix. 21, and desired them, if Timothy came to them, 1 Cor. xvi. 10, 11, to conduct him forth in peace, that he might come to Paul, then at Ephesus, for he looked for him, with the brethren. When he closed that letter, he was expecting Timothy's return, which that letter might also have hastened. Paul remained at Ephesus, on this visit, the space of three years. Acts xx. 31. There is therefore no reason to suppose, that he was disappointed in his expectation of the arrival of Timothy from Corinth at Ephesus, before he went into Macedonia; and if so, he might have left him there, as he at some period certainly did. 1 Tim. i. 3. He had intended to go by Corinth into Macedonia, 2 Cor. i. 15, 16, but changed his mind and went by Troas thither. 1 Cor. xvi. 5; 2 Cor. ii. 12, 13. Whilst in Macedonia, he wrote his first letter to Timothy, for he proposed to him to remain at Ephesus until he should call there on his way to Jerusalem. 1 Tim. i. 3; iii. 14, 15. The words imply, that Paul might tarry some time; and that he did so before he went into Greece, is fairly implied in the expression, "And when he had gone over those parts, and given them much exhortation, he came into Greece." Acts xx. 2. Timothy was advised, solicited, or besought (apsxaλnda) to abide still at Ephesus, which gave him liberty to exercise his discretion, but several motives must have influenced him to go to the apostle. The enemies at Ephesus were numerous and violent; Timothy was young; his affection for Paul ardent; the request of Paul that he should abide at Ephesus was not peremptory ; and Paul told him he expected to

tarry a long time. Also Timothy had been, from their commencement, familiarly acquainted with the churches in Macedonia and Greece. Accordingly we find Timothy in Macedonia when Paul wrote his second epistle to the Corinthians. 1 Cor. i. 1. The apostle went from Macedonia into Greece, Acts xx. 2, as he had promised in that letter, chap. xiii. 1, and abode there three months. Acts xx. 3. Timothy was with him at Corinth, for he sends his salutations to the Romans, Rom. xvi. 21, in that famous epistle written from thence.(g)

That there was sufficient time for Paul to have written from Macedonia to Timothy at Ephesus, and for Timothy to have spent some months at Ephesus, before he came to Paul in Macedonia, appears from the time he waited for Titus at Troas, 2 Cor. ii. 12, 13, his determination not to go to Corinth till he could do it without heaviness, 2 Cor. ii. 1, his distress in Macedonia before Titus arrived, 2 Cor. vii. 5, and his success in raising charities for the saints in Judea, 2 Cor. viii. 2, 3; ix. 4. He had intended to tarry at Ephesus until Pentecost, 1 Cor. xvi. 8, but went sooner, Acts xx. 1. He passed on to Jerusalem at another Pentecost, Acts xx. 16; all which time he was in Macedonia, except three months. Acts xx. 3.

That Paul expected to spend so much time in Macedonia and Greece, may be collected from his intimation, 1 Cor. xvi. 6, that he might spend the winter with the Corinthian church. The apostle's purpose of sailing from Corinth was disappointed by the insidiousness of his own countrymen; he therefore went up into Macedonia again, that he might pass over to Troas with his companions. Timothy was among those who crossed first. Acts xx. 3, 5. Paul's disappoint

(g) Compare Acts xviii. 2, with Rom. xvi. 3. Vide Acts xviii. 19, 26. 1 Cor.

xvi. 19.

ment in sailing from Corinth, and his wish to reach Jerusalem by Pentecost, prevented the call he inten ded at Ephesus, 1 Tim. iii. 14, 15, but he landed at Miletus, and sent for the elders of the church at Ephesus.

The directions of the apostle in the third chapter of the first epistle to Timothy, fairly imply that he had left the church at Ephesus, according to his usual practice, without officers; for he gives this evangelist, not a new commission, he already had power to ordain, but instructions as to the choice of bishops, that is presbyters, and deacons. These had been complied with before he landed at Miletus. Acts xx. 17. This record of the exististence of elders at Ephesus, compared with the directions given to Timothy, not only renders it probable that Timothy had ordained them, but fortifies the presumption that the first epistle to Timothy was written in Macedonia, before this visit to Jerusalem, and consequently before his imprisonment.

The language "I going (ropevoμLevos) into Macedonia, besought thee to abide still at Ephesus," did not form a permanent connexion between Timothy and Ephesus. At the very greatest extent, the instructions given in this letter were of a continuance only till Paul should come to him (sws prouai) 1 Tim. iv. 13; iii. 14. But it is certain, that Timothy did not remain at Ephesus, till Paul passed on his way to Jerusalem.

The second epistle of Timothy will prove itself written by Paul when a prisoner at Rome; and at least establishes the absence of the evangelist from his spiritual father, at the time it was written. But he was at Rome in the time of the first imprisonment, as has been proved by his having been joined with Paul in the letters to the Colossians, Philippians, and Philemon. Demas and Mark were also there in the