armies so large, all raised in the same county, as the armies of the North and South during the rebellion. The struggle on both sides for victory was earnest and persistent, almost beyond parallel. But the General Government adhered rigidly to those humane rules, which are acknowledged by all civilized nations as the laws of war.

The Confederate Government violated those rules in many respects; and vastly increased the ordinary miseries and horrors of war. "Andersonville" alone will be an everlasting disgrace to their leading men, however honorable they may pretend to be.

As regards the merits of the fighting qualities of the two sections, we do not profess to be the best of judges, and that is a matter of no great moment at this time; yet we think the North on the whole are entitled to take the precedence.

Lee undoubtedly was a good general, but

not equal to General Grant, or even to some of our other generals.

The nations of the world have taken knowledge of our fighting ability and respect us very much for the exhibition we have made of it; and henceforth they will be very careful about treading on our toes. The North fought to maintain the liberties and rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

The South fought for the purpose of setting up a new nationality on the basis of slavery. The North as a people never entertained the least enmity towards the people of the South. But it is very remarkable that the South have for many years entertained and manifested the most bitter animosity against the people of the North.

This enmity was kept up by vile slanders circulated mostly through the Southern press. Northern people who visited the South before the rebellion generally admired

the Southern people-they found them liberal and very hospitable. Yet their prejudices were easily excited, and often Northern men have been very wrongfully treated by them, through a misunderstanding of their character. During the war Southern soldiers manifested the same old personal hatred towards Northern men; notwithstanding this, the North was almost entirely free from any personal or sectional hatred to the South.

The Northern people never entertained any general hatred, but were only indignant for particular acts of perfidy and cruelty. Now, at this day, though many of the Southern people continue their old animosities, yet the North is free from any such feeling. There is no necessity of a continuation of this feeling of hatred. Slavery. is now abolished by the consent of the South, and the general interests of the two sections are one.

All good citizens will endeavor to allay all bitterness and strife, by kind words and just acts. The North generally think that the unprincipled leaders of the rebellion, who urged the people on to commit treason, should meet with some punishment as security for the future. Future peace and prosperity is the great aim of the people.

The Southern people ought not to find fault, that the leaders of the rebellion, considering the enormity of their acts, should at least, be deprived of some of the privileges of our government, until there is evidence of sincere repentance. We hope that the people, and especially the press of both sections, will be guarded, moderate, and kind in their expressions, in reference to men and measures in all parts of our common country. Let education and religion be spread abroad, and under their benign influences our bitter personal and sectional feelings will be allayed, and we shall become a united, prosperous, and happy people.

CHAPTER XI.

NAMES OF THE STATES AND THEIR CONDITION.

THE United States having become prominent, and even first, in many respects, among the nations of the earth, it is important that the names of each should be familiar to all American Citizens. And in as much as no school book contains them all up to this date, we deem it proper to write them here, that not only the name, but the location of each may become thoroughly impressed upon the minds of all, both old and young.

We also give the political sentiment of each state in the year 1864, while the rebellion was still going on.