State of Europe-of France-First Acts of Henry's Government Disputes between the Civil and Ecclesiastical Powers-Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury-Quarrel between the King and Becket-Constitutions of Clarendon-Banishment of Becket-Compromise with him-His return from Banish- ment His Murder-Grief and Submission of the King.. 100 State of Ireland-Conquest of that Island-The King's Accom- modation with the Court of Rome-Revolt of young Henry and his Brothers-Wars and Insurrections-War with Scot- land-Penance of Henry for Becket's Murder-William, King of Scotland, defeated and taken Prisoner-The King's Accom- modation with his Sons-The King's equitable Administration The King's Preparations for the Crusade-Sets out on the Crusade -Transactions in Sicily-His arrival in Palestine-State of Palestine-Disorders in England-The King's heroic Actions in Palestine-His Return from Palestine-Captivity in Ger- many-War with France-The King's Delivery-Return to Accession of the King-His Marriage-War with France-Murder of Arthur, Duke of Britanny-The King expelled the French Provinces-The King's Quarrel with the Court of Rome- Cardinal Langton appointed Archbishop of Canterbury-In- terdict of the Kingdom-Excommunication of the King-The King's Submission to the Pope-Discontents of the Barons- Insurrection of the Barons-Magna Charta-Renewal of the THE FEUDAL AND ANGLO-NORMAN GOVERNMENT Origin of the Feudal Law-Its Progress-Feudal Government of England-The Feudal Parliament-The Commons-Judicial Settlement of the Government-General Pacification-Death of the Protector-Some Commotions-Hubert de Burgh displaced- The Bishop of Winchester Minister-King's Partiality to Foreigners Grievances- Ecclesiastical Grievances-Earl of Cornwall elected King of the Romans-Discontent of the Barons-Simon de Mountfort, earl of Leicester-Provisions of Oxford-Usurpation of the Barons-Prince Edward-Civil Wars of the Barons-Reference to the King of France-Re- newal of the Civil Wars-Battle of Lewes-House of Com- mons-Battle of Evesham, and Death of Leicester-Settle- Civil Administration of the King-Conquest of Wales-Affairs of Scotland-Competitors for the Crown of Scotland-Reference to Edward-Homage of Scotland-Award of Edward in fa- vour of Baliol-War with France-Digression concerning the Constitution of Parliament-War with Scotland-Scotland subdued-War with France-Dissensions with the Clergy--- Arbitrary Measures-Peace with France-Revolt of Scotland- That Kingdom again subdued-Again Revolts-Is again sub- dued-Robert Bruce-Third Revolt of Scotland-Death and Government during the Minority-State of France-Military Operations-Battle of Verneuil-Siege of Orleans-The Maid of Orleans-The Siege of Orleans raised-The King of France crowned at Rheims-Prudence of the Duke of Bedford-Execution of the Maid of Orleans-Defection of the Duke of Burgundy-Death of the Duke of Bedford-Decline of the English in France-Truce with France-Marriage of the King with Margaret of Anjou-Murder of the Duke of Gloucester -State of France-Renewal of the War with France-The English expelled France . 205 277 Battle of Touton-Henry escapes into Scotland-A Parliament -Battle of Hexham-Henry taken Prisoner, and confined in the Tower-King's Marriage with Lady Elizabeth GrayWarwick disgusted-Alliance with Burgundy-Insurrection in Yorkshire-Battle of Banbury-Warwick and Clarence banished-Warwick and Clarence return-Edward IV. expelled-Henry VI. restored-Edward IV. returns-Battle of Barnet, and Death of Warwick-Battle of Tewkesbury, and Murder of Prince Edward-Death of Henry VI.-Invasion of France-Peace of Pecquigni-Trial and Execution of the Duke of Clarence-Death and Character of Edward IV. • 286 State of Foreign Affairs-State of Scotland-of Spain-of the Low Countries-of France-of Brittany-French Invasion of Brittany-French Embassy to England-Dissimulation of the French Court-An Insurrection in the North-suppressed-King sends Forces into Brittany-Annexation of Brittany to France-A Parliament-War with France-Invasion of France-Peace with France-Perkin Warbeck-His Imposture-He is avowed by the Duchess of Burgundyand by many of the English Nobility-Trial and Execution of Stanley-A Parliament . 313 Perkin retires to Scotland-Insurrection in the West-Battle of Blackheath-Truce with Scotland-Perkin taken PrisonerPerkin executed-The Earl of Warwick executed-Marriage of Prince Arthur with Catherine of Arragon-His DeathMarriage of the Princess Margaret with the King of Scotland -Oppressions of the People-A Parliament-Arrival of the King of Castile-Intrigues of the Earl of Suffolk-Sickness of the King-His Death and Character-His Laws CHAP. XXVII. HENRY VIIL 322 Popularity of the new King-His Ministers-Punishment of Empson and Dudley-King's Marriage-Foreign AffairsJulius II.-League of Cambray-War with France-Expedition to Fontarabia-Deceit of Ferdinand-Return of the English-Leo X.-A Parliament-War with ScotlandWolsey Minister-His Character-Invasion of FranceBattle of Guinegate- Battle of Flouden-Peace with France 330 CHAP. XXVIII. Wolsey's Administration-Scotch Affairs-Progress of Francis I. -Jealousy of Henry-Tournay delivered to France-Wolsey appointed Legate-His Manner of exercising that OfficeDeath of the Emperor Maximilian-Charles, King of Spain, chosen Emperor--Interview between Henry and Francis near Calais-The Emperor Charles arrives in EnglandMediation of Henry-Trial and Condemnation of the Duke of Buckingham CHAP. ΧΧΙΧ. Digression concerning the Ecclesiastical State-Origin of the Reformation-Martin Luther-Henry receives the Title of Defender of the Faith--Causes of the Progress of the Reformation-War with France-Invasion of France-War with Scotland-A Parliament-Invasion of France-Italian Wars -The King of France invades Italy-Battle of Pavia and Captivity of Francis-Francis recovers his Liberty-Sack of Rome-League with France. CHAP. XXX. 339 .345 teligious Principles of the People-of the King-of the Ministers War with Scotland-Victory at Solway-Death of James V.Treaty with Scotland-New Rupture-Rupture with FranceA Parliament-Affairs of Scotland-A Parliament-Campaign in France-A Parliament-Peace with France and Scotland-Persecutions-Execution of the Earl of Surrey-Attainder of the Duke of Norfolk-Death of the King-His Character-Miscellaneous Transactions CHAP. XXXIV. EDWARD VI. 382 . 391 State of the Regency-Innovations in the Regency-Hertford CHAP. XXXV. Discontents of the People-Insurrections-Conduct of the War with Scotland-with France-Factions in the Council-Conspiracy against Somerset-Somerset resigns the Protectorship-A Parliament-Peace with France and ScotlandBoulogne surrendered-Persecution of Gardiner-Warwick created Duke of Northumberland-His ambition-Trial of Somerset-His Execution-A Parliament-A new Parlia ment-Succession changed-The King's Sickness and Death 414 CHAP. XXXVI. MARY. Lady Jane Gray proclaimed Queen-Deserted by the People-The Queen proclaimed and acknowledged-Northumberland exe PAGE cuted-Catholic Religion restored-A Parliament-Delibera- CHAP. XXXVII. Rensors for and against Toleration-Persecutions-A Parliament CHAP. XXXVIII. ELIZABETH. Queen's Popularity-Re-establishment of the Protestant Religion CHAP. XXXIX. State of Europe-Civil Wars of France-Havre de Grace put in CHAP. XL. Character of the Puritans-Duke of Norfolk's Conspiracy-Insur- CHAP. XLI. Affairs of Scotland-Spanish Affairs-Sir Francis Drake-A Parliament-Negociations of Marriage with the Duke of Anjou -Affairs of Scotland-Letter from Queen Mary to Elizabeth-Conspiracies in England-A Parliament-The Ecclesiastical Commission-Affairs of the Low Countries-Hostilities with Spain CHAP. XLII. 431 442 456 475 . 493 Zeal of the Catholics-Babbington's Conspiracy-Mary assents to the Conspiracy-The Conspirators seized and executed-RCsolution to try the Queen of Scots--The Commissioners prevail on her to submit to the Trial-The Trial-Sentence against Mary-Interposition of King James-Reasons for the Execution of Mary-The Execution-Mary's Character-The Queen's affected Sorrow-Drake destroys the Spanish Fleet at Cadiz Philip projects the Invasion of England-The Invincible Armada-Preparations in England-The Armada arrives in the Channel-Defeated-A Parliament-Expedition against Portugal-Affairs of Scotland . 505 Discontents in Scotland-Introduction of the Canons and Liturgy CHAP. LIV. Meeting of the Long Parliament-Strafford and Laud impeached . CHAP. LV. Settlement of Scotland-Conspiracy in Ireland-Insurrection and CHAP. LVI. . 606 615 624 634 .648 Commencement of the Civil War-State of Parties-Battle of 664 Invasion of the Scots-Battle of Marston Moor-Battle of Crop- CHAP. LVIII. 676 Montrose's Victories-The new Model of the Army-Battle of CHAP. LIX. Mutiny of the Army-The King seized by Joyce-The Army CHAP. LX. 694 711 726 A Parliament-The Cabal-their Characters-their Counsels- Alliance with France-A Parliament-Coventry Act- Blood's Crimes-Duke declares himself Catholic-Exchequer Shut-Declaration of Indulgence-Attack of the Smyrna Fleet-War declared with Holland-Weakness of the States- Battle of Solebay-Sandwich killed-Progress of the French -Consternation of the Dutch-Prince of Orange Stadtholder -Massacre of the De Wits-Good Conduct of the Prince- A Parliament-Declaration of Indulgence recalled-Sea- fight-Another Sea-fight-Another Sea-fight-Congress of King's first Transactions-A Parliament- Arguments for and against a Revenue for Life-Oats convicted of Perjury-Mon- mouth's Invasion-His Defeat and Execution-Cruelties of Kirke and of Jefferies-State of Affairs in Scotland-Argyle's Invasion-Defeat, and Execution-A Parliament-French Persecutions The Dispensing Power-State of Ireland- Breach betwixt the King and the Church-Court of Eccle- siastical Commission - Sentence against the Bishop of London-Suspension of the Penal Laws-State of Ireland- Embassy to Rome-Attempt upon Magdalen College-Im- Conduct of the Prince of Orange-He forms a League against Notes to Volume I. |