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Government during the Minority-State of France-Military Operations-Battle of Verneuil-Siege of Orleans-The Maid of Orleans-The Siege of Orleans raised-The King of France crowned at Rheims-Prudence of the Duke of Bedford-Execution of the Maid of Orleans-Defection of the Duke of Burgundy-Death of the Duke of Bedford-Decline of the English in France-Truce with France-Marriage of the King with Margaret of Anjou-Murder of the Duke of Gloucester -State of France-Renewal of the War with France-The English expelled France

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. 205

277

Battle of Touton-Henry escapes into Scotland-A Parliament -Battle of Hexham-Henry taken Prisoner, and confined in the Tower-King's Marriage with Lady Elizabeth GrayWarwick disgusted-Alliance with Burgundy-Insurrection in Yorkshire-Battle of Banbury-Warwick and Clarence banished-Warwick and Clarence return-Edward IV. expelled-Henry VI. restored-Edward IV. returns-Battle of Barnet, and Death of Warwick-Battle of Tewkesbury, and Murder of Prince Edward-Death of Henry VI.-Invasion of France-Peace of Pecquigni-Trial and Execution of the Duke of Clarence-Death and Character of Edward IV. • 286

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State of Foreign Affairs-State of Scotland-of Spain-of the Low Countries-of France-of Brittany-French Invasion of Brittany-French Embassy to England-Dissimulation of the French Court-An Insurrection in the North-suppressed-King sends Forces into Brittany-Annexation of Brittany to France-A Parliament-War with France-Invasion of France-Peace with France-Perkin Warbeck-His Imposture-He is avowed by the Duchess of Burgundyand by many of the English Nobility-Trial and Execution of Stanley-A Parliament

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. 313

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Perkin retires to Scotland-Insurrection in the West-Battle of Blackheath-Truce with Scotland-Perkin taken PrisonerPerkin executed-The Earl of Warwick executed-Marriage of Prince Arthur with Catherine of Arragon-His DeathMarriage of the Princess Margaret with the King of Scotland -Oppressions of the People-A Parliament-Arrival of the King of Castile-Intrigues of the Earl of Suffolk-Sickness of the King-His Death and Character-His Laws

CHAP. XXVII. HENRY VIIL

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322

Popularity of the new King-His Ministers-Punishment of Empson and Dudley-King's Marriage-Foreign AffairsJulius II.-League of Cambray-War with France-Expedition to Fontarabia-Deceit of Ferdinand-Return of the English-Leo X.-A Parliament-War with ScotlandWolsey Minister-His Character-Invasion of FranceBattle of Guinegate- Battle of Flouden-Peace with France 330

CHAP. XXVIII.

Wolsey's Administration-Scotch Affairs-Progress of Francis I. -Jealousy of Henry-Tournay delivered to France-Wolsey appointed Legate-His Manner of exercising that OfficeDeath of the Emperor Maximilian-Charles, King of Spain, chosen Emperor--Interview between Henry and Francis near Calais-The Emperor Charles arrives in EnglandMediation of Henry-Trial and Condemnation of the Duke of Buckingham

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CHAP. ΧΧΙΧ.

Digression concerning the Ecclesiastical State-Origin of the Reformation-Martin Luther-Henry receives the Title of Defender of the Faith--Causes of the Progress of the Reformation-War with France-Invasion of France-War with Scotland-A Parliament-Invasion of France-Italian Wars -The King of France invades Italy-Battle of Pavia and Captivity of Francis-Francis recovers his Liberty-Sack of Rome-League with France.

CHAP. XXX.

339

.345

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teligious Principles of the People-of the King-of the Ministers
-Further Progress of the Reformation-Sir Thomas More-
The Maid of Kent-Trial and Execution of Fisher, Bishop of
Rochester-of Sir Thomas More-King excommunicated-
Death of Queen Catherine-Suppression of the lesser Monas-
teries-A Parliament-A Convocation-Translation of the
Bible-Disgrace of Queen Anne-Her Trial and Execution-
A Parliament-A Convocation-Disconten's among the People
-Insurrection-Birth of Prince Edward, and Death of Queen
Jane-Suppression of the greater Monasteries-Cardinal Pole 367

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War with Scotland-Victory at Solway-Death of James V.Treaty with Scotland-New Rupture-Rupture with FranceA Parliament-Affairs of Scotland-A Parliament-Campaign in France-A Parliament-Peace with France and Scotland-Persecutions-Execution of the Earl of Surrey-Attainder of the Duke of Norfolk-Death of the King-His Character-Miscellaneous Transactions

CHAP. XXXIV. EDWARD VI.

382

. 391

State of the Regency-Innovations in the Regency-Hertford
Protector-Reformation completed-Gardiner's Opposition
-Foreign Affairs-Progress of the Reformation in Scotland
-Assassination of Cardinal Beaton--Conduct of the War
with Scotland-Battle of Pinkey-A Parliament-Further
Progress of the Reformation-Affairs of Scotland-Young
Queen of Scots sent into France-Cabals of Lord Seymour-
Dudley, Earl of Warwick-A Parliament-Attainder of Lord
Seymour-His Execution--Ecclesiastical Affairs
.403

CHAP. XXXV. Discontents of the People-Insurrections-Conduct of the War with Scotland-with France-Factions in the Council-Conspiracy against Somerset-Somerset resigns the Protectorship-A Parliament-Peace with France and ScotlandBoulogne surrendered-Persecution of Gardiner-Warwick created Duke of Northumberland-His ambition-Trial of Somerset-His Execution-A Parliament-A new Parlia ment-Succession changed-The King's Sickness and Death 414

CHAP. XXXVI. MARY.

Lady Jane Gray proclaimed Queen-Deserted by the People-The Queen proclaimed and acknowledged-Northumberland exe

PAGE

cuted-Catholic Religion restored-A Parliament-Delibera-
tions with regard to the Queen's Marriage-Queen's Marriage
with Philip Wyat's Insurrection-suppressed-Execution of
Lady Jane Gray-A Parliament-Philip's Arrival in England 423

CHAP. XXXVII.

Rensors for and against Toleration-Persecutions-A Parliament
-The Queen's Extortion-The Emperor resigns his Crown-
Execution of Cranmer-War with France-Battle of St.
Quintin-Calais taken by the French-Affairs of Scotland-
Marriage of the Dauphin and the Queen of Scots-A Parlia-
ment-Death of the Queen

CHAP. XXXVIII.

ELIZABETH.

Queen's Popularity-Re-establishment of the Protestant Religion
-A Parliament-Peace with France-Disgust between the
Queen and Mary Queen of Scots-Affairs of Scotland-Re-
formation in Scotland-Civil Wars in Scotland-Interposal of
the Queen in the Affairs of Scotland-Settlement of Scotland
-French Affairs-Arrival of Mary in Scotland-Bigotry of
the Scotch Reformers-Wise Government of Elizabeth

CHAP. XXXIX.

State of Europe-Civil Wars of France-Havre de Grace put in
possession of the English-A Parliament-Havre lost-Affairs
of Scotland-The Queen of Scots marries the Earl of Darnley
-Confederacy against the Protestants-Murder of Rizzio-A
Parliament-Murder of Darnley Queen of Scots marries
Bothwel-Insurrection in Scotland-Imprisonment of Mary-
Mary flies into England-Conferences at York and Hampton-
Court

CHAP. XL.

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Character of the Puritans-Duke of Norfolk's Conspiracy-Insur-
rection in the North-Assassination of the earl of Murray-
A Parliament-Civil Wars of France-Affairs of the Low
Countries-New Conspiracy of the duke of Norfolk-Trial of
Norfolk-His Execution-Scotch Affairs-French Affairs-
Massacre of Paris-French Affairs-Civil Wars of the Low
Countries-A Parliament

CHAP. XLI.

Affairs of Scotland-Spanish Affairs-Sir Francis Drake-A Parliament-Negociations of Marriage with the Duke of Anjou -Affairs of Scotland-Letter from Queen Mary to Elizabeth-Conspiracies in England-A Parliament-The Ecclesiastical Commission-Affairs of the Low Countries-Hostilities with Spain

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CHAP. XLII.

431

442

456

475

. 493

Zeal of the Catholics-Babbington's Conspiracy-Mary assents to the Conspiracy-The Conspirators seized and executed-RCsolution to try the Queen of Scots--The Commissioners prevail on her to submit to the Trial-The Trial-Sentence against Mary-Interposition of King James-Reasons for the Execution of Mary-The Execution-Mary's Character-The Queen's affected Sorrow-Drake destroys the Spanish Fleet at Cadiz Philip projects the Invasion of England-The Invincible Armada-Preparations in England-The Armada arrives in the Channel-Defeated-A Parliament-Expedition against Portugal-Affairs of Scotland . 505

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Discontents in Scotland-Introduction of the Canons and Liturgy
-A Tumult at Edinburgh-The Covenant-A General As-
sembly-Episcopacy abolished-War-A Pacification-Re-
newal of the War-Fourth English Parliament-Dissolution-
Discontents in England-Rout at Newburn-Treaty at Ripon
-Great Council of the Peers

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CHAP. LIV.

Meeting of the Long Parliament-Strafford and Laud impeached
-Finch and Windebank fly-Great Authority of the Com-
mons-The Bishops attacked-Tonnage and Poundage-Tri-
ennial Bill-Strafford's Trial-Bill of Attainder-Execution of
Strafford-High-Commission and Star-Chamber abolished-
King's Journey to Scotland

.

CHAP. LV.

Settlement of Scotland-Conspiracy in Ireland-Insurrection and
Massacre Meeting of the English Parliament-The Remon-
strance-Reasons on both Sides-Impeachment of the Bishops
-Accusation of the five Members-Tumults-King leaves
London-Arrives in York-Preparations for Civil War.

CHAP. LVI.

. 606

615

624

634

.648

Commencement of the Civil War-State of Parties-Battle of
Edge-hill-Negociation at Oxford-Victories of the Royalists in
the West-Battle of Stratton-of Lansdown-of Roundway
Down-Death of Hambden-Bristol taken-Siege of Glou-
cester-Battle of Newbury-Actions in the North of England
-Solemn League and Covenant-Arming of the Scots-State
of Ireland

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664

Invasion of the Scots-Battle of Marston Moor-Battle of Crop-
CHAP. LVII.
redy Bridge Essex's Forces disarmed-Second Battle of
Newbury-Rise and Character of the Independents-Self-
denying Ordinance-Fairfax, Cromwell-Treaty of Uxbridge
-Execution of Laud

CHAP. LVIII.

676

Montrose's Victories-The new Model of the Army-Battle of
Naseby-Surrender of Bristol-The West conquered by Fair-
fax-Defeat of Montrose-Ecclesiastical Affairs-King goes to
the Scots at Newark-End of the War-King delivered up by
the Scots
. 685

CHAP. LIX.

Mutiny of the Army-The King seized by Joyce-The Army
march against the Parliament-The Army subdue the Par-
liament The King flies to the Isle of Wight-Second Civil
War-Invasion from Scotland-The Treaty of Newport-The
Civil War and Invasion repressed-The King seized again by
the Army-The House purged-The King's Trial and Execu-
tion-His Character

CHAP. LX.

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694

711

726

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Conduct of the Prince of Orange-He forms a League against
France-Refuses to concur with the King-Resolves to
oppose the King-Is applied to by the English-Coalition of
Parties-Prince's Preparations-Offers of France to the
King-rejected-Supposed League with France-General
Discontents-The King retracts his Measures-Prince's De-
claration-The Prince lands in England-General Commo-
tion-Desertion of the Army-and of Prince George-and
of the Princess Anne-King's Consternation, and Flight
-General Confusion-King seized at Feversham-Second
Escape-King's Character-Convention summoned-Settle-
ment of Scotland-English Convention meets-Views of the
Parties-Free Conference between the Houses-Commons
prevail-Settlement of the Crown-Manners and Sciences. 860

Notes to Volume I.

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