About the same time Captain Macomb, in charge of the military bureau of information of the general staff of the commanding general, was put in charge of the intended military exhibit, but the board's expectations were only in small part fulfilled, as no orders were given to assist the exposition board.

By a cablegram dated March 7 the exposition board was notified that by a new agreement with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company a further amount of $100,000 was secured for our exposition work in St. Louis, under the condition, however, that this sum would be refunded by the insular government in case the exposition company, aided by the War Department, should fail to get itself reimbursed by Congress after the close of the exposition.

The system of exposition work adopted was energetically continued; more committees were appointed, more collectors were sent out, more letters were circulated, more telegrams for specific exhibits were issued at short intervals to the provincial governors, and better arrangements were made with government bureaus for complete series of valuable economic exhibits, yet not always with the expected success. The board's next great step of its work was a great preliminary exposition in Manila, and it ordered therefor 500 show cases, 12,000 glass jars, and other material to hold the collections expected for that occasion.

The educational work of the islands has been taken particularly into consideration since the incumbency of Doctor Atkinson and Commissioner Moses, and a new appeal was made by a speech of Mr. Niederlein when the division superintendents of schools, under the direction of Doctor Bryan, assembled in Manila during the last week in March.

At this time a long and hot discussion in the Filipino, Spanish, and English press about the feasibility of sending non-Christian tribes to the world's fair brought the exposition board more prominently before the public.

At the end of March the exposition board counted over 4,900 exhibits, of which 384 belonged to the educational department, 282 to the department of art, 1,298 to the liberal arts, 492 to the department of manufactures, 602 to the department of agriculture, 279 to the department of forestry, 472 to the department of mining, 231 to the department of fish and game, 972 to the department of ethnology, etc.

In the month of April the museum was opened on Sundays and holidays, because of the great number of people interested in the collections on hand. During that month all the details for the architectural contest for buildings to be erected in the Philippine grounds in St. Louis were outlined and awards fixed. In April also, in order to properly receive and display the incoming collections, the adjoining building, known by the name of "La Giralda," was rented. Soon afterwards the agricultural, horticultural and forestry, mining, and industrial products were installed therein, filling the building at once. The government laboratories were now extensively used for assays and other investigations. The offer of the agricultural bureau to loan its fiber expert for the purpose of collecting an exhaustive fiber exhibit was gratefully accepted.

With the books loaned and partly given by Mr. Pedro A. Paterno and books brought by Mr. Niederlein for consultation a library was formed and opened for the use of the public. After the arrival of an expert anthropologist, Dr. Daniel Folkmar, long-intended plaster casts were made of characteristic types representing the races of the islands. This collection has gradually become of high scientific value in connection with measurements and photographs made for a compartive study of races and their mixtures.

A series of articles published in the newspapers held the interest of the people and press in the exposition alive. On April 15 our collections had increased to 6,000 exhibits. Up to this date only $18,000 had been expended. During the month of April Col. H. O. S. Heistand, adjutant-general, division of the Philippines, directed all military commanders to have officers and men lend assistance to the exposition board. In the same month the jury of awards for the architectural contest was appointed, and a pedagogical expert, Mr. A. R. Hager, put in charge of the educational exhibit.

At the end of the month Doctor Wilson, our chairman, arrived in company of the vice-governor, General Wright. The board had previously voted to each provincial governor 500 pesos, and in May, when an executive order recalled the Mexican currency to the treasury, each governor was authorized to spend without further delay the rest of the amount in exhibits of exceptional merit. As a consequence of this, large amounts of new exhibits arrived, and on the 20th of May, when Doctor Wilson left for the United States, over 10,000 exhibits were in our hands.

Doctor Wilson came to these islands to have a glance at the exposition work and its progress, to have an interview with the members of the exposition board, and to receive his instructions for his work in St. Louis. Soon after his arrival he went to

Benguet, where Governor Taft and the Commission had assembled. He suggested to the Commission that the permanent museum and the preliminary exposition be abolished and that some other changes be made in the exposition law with respect to the representation of the board in St. Louis. The Philippine Commission acted accordingly on May 25. He also pressed the Philippine Civil Commission for more funds.

In the meantime, the architectural contest was held under the presidency of Mr. Edgar K. Bourne, chief of the bureau of architecture, and the following prizes were awarded:

First prize of 1,000 pesos to A. E. Anderson and Guy H. Mahurin; second prize of 750 pesos to R. de la Rosa; third prize of 500 pesos to Guillermo Gardiner, and fourth prize of 250 pesos to Isabelo Tampinco.

On the return of Doctor Wilson from Benguet the board took up with him in detail the discussion of the site, kind, size, and cost of buildings, arrangement of grounds at the exposition, and authorized him to make contracts for their proper and rapid execution. The latest date on which the buildings are to be ready was fixed at January 31. Doctor Wilson was also authorized to let concessions for a number of restaurants, cafés, fruit, candy, and soft-drink stalls, etc., on the Philippine grounds. At the same time the privileges applied for in the islands by a number of men were thoroughly discussed and disposed of. Doctor Wilson was authorized to appoint the necessary staff for the supervision of his work in St. Louis, and to take along with him Mr. J. L. Irwin, formerly private secretary to Commissioner Worcester, as clerk. Mr. E. Lacayo was appointed to take a number of Filipino builders to St. Louis to erect typical Filipino houses on the exposition grounds. Doctor Wilson also received full authority to collect the promised sum of $100,000 from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, depositing it and using it in accordance with the rules of the Bureau of Insular Affairs in Washington, or, if necessary, according to the rules laid down by the exposition company. Among other matters, also, the convenience of substantial exhibits of art were discussed and agreed upon.

Furthermore, a rapid shipment of the exhibits on hand was recommended, and the sending of non-Christian tribes to the fair with the necessary houses, utensils, implements, etc., was considered necessary in order to make the Philippine display complete and particularly interesting. Preliminary steps were also taken to have the Civil Commission agree to send the constabulary band in an increased number over to the exposition, with, if possible, two companies of constabulary, composed of men selected from the foremost native tribes of the islands. A similar move took place in Washington at or about that time, Colonel Edwards, chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, arranging for the transfer to the world's fair of four companies of Philippine scouts equally composed of men from all the principal tribes. During that time the propaganda work went on as usual, a series of articles were written for the press, more requests by urgent telegrams and letters were sent to the provinces, and our collectors were urged to increase their collections as rapidly as possible.

The propositions made by the board of health for a most elaborate exhibit were properly considered and the necessary amount of money voted. Another excellent proposition made by the government laboratories found the same support, and also Doctor Barrows' elaborate plans for a great ethnographic exhibit were approved. The packing of our material on hand began vigorously under the direction of Mr. G. P. Linden, whose extraordinary activity is worthy of the highest praise. At the end of May the exhibits had increased to 12,000.

In the month of June our first shipment of about 570 tons went on the Kilpatrick to New York for St. Louis. During the same month the most successful prize winner in the architectural contest, Mr. Anderson, was engaged as architect for the exposi tion board to prepare the plans of the grounds and buildings. After the approval of the same by Governor Taft and the Civil Commission, Mr. Anderson left on June 25 for the United States. In June $1,000 was voted for a custom-house display. The exposition board also agreed to aid the constabulary band by the purchase of stringed instruments in order to enable them to attract a greater attention in the Philippine exhibition. During that month and the next large purchases of building material for buildings of Filipino style were made and prepared for shipment on the U. S. army transport Dix. On the same steamer were shipped a large number of tree ferns and palms prepared by Professor Lyon for exhibition, alive, at the exposition. Furthermore, 30 builders were engaged to leave on the U. S. army transport Sherman. At the end of June the collections had increased to over 15,000 exhibits, many of which had arrived from Samar, Romblon, Masbate, Pampanga, and other provinces.

In July a new committee of art was appointed. The governors of the provinces were also asked for a precise description of their respective territories to be used in St. Louis for a well-organized propaganda. The chiefs of bureaus were again requested

to prepare and remit before the end of August the desired exhibit, and to give besides a concise account of the work accomplished by their various departments.

The bureau of coastguard and transportation asked and received $1,250 for the preparation of its exhibit. Letters were again directed to the American chamber of commerce asking for a brilliant participation at the world's fair as a body. This time our appeal found consideration, the chamber's president, Mr. Heacock, taking immediate action in the matter. A spontaneous offer of assistance was also made to the exposition board by the Philippine chamber of commerce through its president, Mr. Francisco Reyes. In July also Maj. Frank de L. Carrington took charge of the four companies of scouts which will form a part of the official guard of the Philippine exposition in St. Louis.

With the approval of Governor Taft a contract was executed with the celebrated artist Isabelo Tampinco for a Rizal monument to be erected in the Philippine section of the world's fair in St. Louis, according him $3,500 gold for the same. Another contract was made with the well-known painter Resurreccion Hidalgo, in Paris, for a great painting representing the Philippines being led by the United States to progress and liberty, allotting him 25,000 francs for this work. Our collectors, Mr. Gillies, Doctor Miller, Mr. Valentine Wilson, Messrs. J. Luna, Charles L. Hall, Gerbrich, Radtke, d'Erf Browne, Juan de Juan, and others, were furnished with more means for increasing rapidly their collections. One of them, Mr. Juan de Juan, brought from Cagayan a petrified head, apparently of an elephas indicus, demonstrating that the elephant has at some time been a part of the mammiferous fauna of Luzon. More funds were also voted to a large number of the governors with which to purchase more valuable exhibits.

Former Lieutenant-Governor Hunt was engaged as manager of the Igorrote exhibit, and immediately sent with the necessary funds into the field. A collector in Jolo was authorized to spend 4,000 pesos in the purchase of pearl shells and other marine products, in order to represent fully the most important industry of the southern islands. Doctor Barrows and Doctor Sherman also received considerable sums to procure large collections for the fair on their trip through the southern islands. It was also provisionally agreed with Brigadier-General Allen, chief of constabulary, that two buildings of nipa would be erected in the Philippine grounds for the constabulary men and a small house for the officers accompanying the same. It was furthermore agreed to have a Filipino history written by a prominent Filipino, Señor F. Calderon, from the standpoint of Filipinos, in contrast to other historical works which were written from the Spaniards' standpoint, being unjust in giving no credit to Filipinos in the past. To encourage the proposed work of the American chamber of commerce, Mr. Niederlein delivered a speech in that chamber outlining the scope of the work for the members and their committees in order to engender more successful endeavors to represent fully the conditions and particularities of the commercial life in the Philippines.

In the month of July, with the approval of Governor Taft, May 1 was decided on as Philippine day at the world's fair. It was also declared the opening day of the Philippine exposition, and the committee of ceremonies in St. Louis was requested to issue the necessary invitations to the President and Cabinet, Members of Congress, diplomats, governors of States, military and naval authorities, for the opening ceremonies. In July also arrived the descriptive work on the Philippines, prepared, as stated before, in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, by Mr. M. E. Beall, as a preface to the catalogue of exhibits of the exposition board.

The freight rates also came again under discussion, and after considerable cabling the rate of $24 a ton from Seattle, San Francisco, or New York to St. Louis was reduced to $12 per ton from Manila to St. Louis. The first concession contract also was ratified, Messrs. Deputy and Moody depositing $500 in the insular treasury and $10,000 United States currency in the United States as bond for the faithful fulfillment of their concession referring to the sale of photographs, erection of a cinematograph, a stereopticon, etc., on the Philippine grounds. The exposition board also resolved to send to St. Louis at once for classification, by a competent man of the Geological Survey in Washington, the mineral collections, the mining bureau having officially declared its incapacity to do the work for want of experts.

As stated already the exposition board loaded the U. S. army transport Dix with 3,940 tons of exhibits and building material, besides requesting its quartermaster to take over from Japan the rest of 500 show cases ordered some time ago for the preliminary exposition. The Dix also took along the first 10 builders. During the month of July also the usual newspaper propaganda was carried on, and telegrams, circulars, and letters issued in order to assure more exhibits. At the end of the month the collections had increased to 24,000 exhibits.

In August the carefully revised description of the Philippine Islands went to

the printer. More appeals were made to the public, to the manufacturers and producers, and the provincial governors and committees were specially urged to pay particular attention to the exposition work after the census work was completed. A number of contracts were made for artistic furniture, paintings, and other works of art.

In August the Philippine Commission, by act No. 824, increased the insular appropriation for the exposition board to $500,000 gold, and by another enactment, No. 827, it ordered a number of exhibits to be shipped back after the closing of the World's fair for a permanent Philippine museum in Manila. The board engaged new collectors to replace others who had resigned. With the increase of work a raise of salary was agreed upon for Mr. D. J. Ryan, stenographer, Mr. H. F. Kendall, property clerk, and a number of the most faithful Philippine employees. The exposition board also considered it necessary to appoint Mr. Fenner, member of the American chamber of commerce, to take charge of its department of commercial information and the foreign imports, about 3,000 samples of which had gradually been gathered with full information about the same.

The number of the exhibits at the end of the month had reached 30,000, of which 29,000 were catalogued. At the beginning of that month the board issued an alphabetical list of exhibitors, comprising at that time about 1,500 names. This number was increased to 2,000 at the end of the month.

As the second part of the Official Catalogue, the catalogue proper had now to be prepared for the printer. Mr. G. d'Erf Browne was put in charge of this department, with Mr. Applegate and Mr. Arnold as his assistants. During August the incoming mineral exhibits had increased considerably, and Mr. Thanish, from the government labo ratories, a competent mineralogist, was put in charge of them. A chemist, Mr. Walker, of the same bureau, was intrusted with the analysis of dyestuffs and tan barks, while Doctor Sherman continued the chemical analyses of all kinds of minor forest products; Mr. Fox continued his labors as assayer of ores, Mr. Merrill with the preparation of the herbarium of useful plants, Mr. Charles S. Banks with the preparation of a great exhibit of insects of these islands, and Mr. L. M. Guerrero, the learned secretary of the exposition board, with the classification and description of the economic plants accumulated in our buildings from all parts of the islands.

Considerable activity was displayed in urging haste upon the different members of committees throughout the islands, in view of the approaching date of the final shipment, which was set November 15. The packing of exhibits went vigorously on, and on August 8 about 550 tons were shipped on the S. S. Pleiades. In order to save the valuable exhibits from the influences of the rainy season, all products of art were cased and made ready for shipment on the Coptic in the following month. In August the exposition board also sent 30 Filipino builders in charge of our curator and taxidermist, Mr. Barbaza, on the Sherman to the United States. On a former transport, Logan, the exposition board shipped to the United States a considerable number of specimens of the fishes of the islands, collected by Messrs. Pierson, Barbaza, Hall, and others, in order that they might be identified by the U. S. Fish Commission in Washington.

The month of September has in large part been spent in determining those kinds of exhibits of which the board is still lacking, and earnest endeavors through letters and telegrams to committees and collectors have been made to make the Philippine exhibit complete and respectable. In the middle of September about 270 tons of the most select exhibits were shipped on the Coptic. At the beginning of the month the German consul, Doctor Grunewald, the British consul-general, Hon. W. J. Kenny, the French consul, Hon. G. de Berard, and the Spanish consul-general, Mr. N. Rivero, offered their gracious assistance to the board for collective exhibits of their countrymen, which the exposition board gratefully accepted.

During the month of September Father Algué turned over to the board 7 relief maps, the same being of most excellent workmanship. The bureau of non-Christian tribes (now called the ethnological survey of the Philippines) sent in a number of collections from the Moro and Jolo group, in compliance with a former contract. Further exhibits were also received from the forestry bureau, the bureau of agriculture, and Chief Bonner of the fire department.

Vice-Governor Luke E. Wright, secretary of finance and justice and in charge of the department of the interior, and Commissioner-General J. F. Smith, secretary of public instruction and in charge of the department of finance and justice, directed circular letters to the respective heads of bureaus, requesting that they hasten the remittance of exhibits, and requesting at the same time complete lists of the same. In September the provincial governor, provincial committees, and the division superintendents of schools reported great activity throughout the Archipelago.

Former Lieutenant-Governor Hunt, now the manager of the Igorrote exhibit, sent a large collection from Lepanto-Bontoc, which it required over 200 Igorrote cargadores to transport.

Doctor Jenks, chief of the ethnological survey of the Philippine Islands, sorted the ethnological exhibits by tribes for a great and instructive ethnological display. The board has planned to take to the United States, not only a large number of Igorrotes, Tinguianes, and Moros, but also Negritos and several tribes of the so-called Indonesians who live in the eastern part of Mindanao, who, together with the type-casts mentioned above, will furnish the student of comparative anthropology with invaluable material for study.

By the end of September 43,162 exhibits had been gathered, as follows:

The exposition board issued also the attached alphabetical list of exhibitors with the corresponding number of entry cards of exhibits for the catalogue. The total number of entry cards at the beginning of September was 29,537, and the total number of distinct individual exhibitors 2,398. The following table shows the distribution of both by provinces or islands:

ber of

The provinces which have distinguished themselves with a large nr exhibits are, in the order of the total amount, Samar, Tarlac, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur, Mindanao, Zambales, Pampanga, Tayabas, Sorsogon, Cagayan, Abra, Mindoro, Iloilo, Bulacan, Negros Occidental, and Nueva Ecija.

The attached list of exhibits and exhibitors, by departments, groups, and classes, reveals in detail the work the exposition board has accomplished up to September. With the exception of the department of electricity, all departments mentioned in the official classification of the World's Fair are represented in the Philippine collection.