alter this rule, for where the libelants in a salvage case appeal, they do so in view of the rule, and take the risk of the result of a trial of the case de novo. The whole case is opened by their appeal, as much as it would have been if both parties had appealed, or if the appeal had been taken only by the claimants, and the court may reduce the allowance if the case demands it." 5. Irvine v. The Hesper, 122 U. S. 256, 7 S. Ct. 1177, 30 U. S. (L. ed.) 1175. SAVINGS BANKS See BANKS, vol. 3, p. 692. 552 SCHOOLS I. INTRODUCTORY II. SCHOOL DISTRICTS V. SCHOOL PROPERTY VII. SCHOOL FUNDS VIII. LIABILITY OF DISTRICTS AND DISTRICT OFFICERS IX. TEACHERS X. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARENTS AND PUPILS XI. STUDIES AND TEXT BOOKS XII. DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT XIII. EXCLUSION, EXPULSION AND SUSPENSION XV. RELIGIOUS EXERCISES OR INSTRUCTION 34. Use of Property for Other than School Purposes 35. Reversion or Forfeiture 36. School Lands VI. Taxation 37. Taxing Power Generally 38. Delegation of Power to District 39. Taxation to Pay Moral Claim 40. Vote of Electors 41. Assessment of Tax 42. Constitutional Limitation on Power to Tax 43. Taxes Collected by Mistake 44. Preventing Illegal Tax VII. School Funds 45. Legislative Control 46. Distribution; Investment 47. Trust Funds 48. Nature of Trust 49. Private and Sectarian Schools 50. Teachers' Pensions 51. Payment of Counsel Fees 52. Remedy for Wrongful Use 53. Donations and Subscriptions 54. Liability of Officer for Money Lost 55. Liability of Bondsman VIII. Liability of Districts and District Officers 56. Contracts 57. Fraudulent Acts of Officers 58. Personal Liability of Officers Generally 59. Building Contracts; Bonds to Protect Laborers and Materialmen 60. Liability of District for Negligence 61. Liability of Officers for Negligence 62. Action by Injured Tradesman 63. Regularity of Bonds 64. Bonds Illegally Issued 65. Remedy of Judgment Creditor 66. Contracts Illegally Increasing Indebtedness 67. Involuntary Indebtedness 68. Determination of Increase IX. Teachers 69. In General 70. Teachers' Licenses 71. Contracts with Teachers Generally 72. Informal Contracts 73. Statutes Requiring Certificates 74. Time of Possession of Certificate 75. Dismissal 76. Remedy for Wrongful Dismissal 77. Right to Pay When School Closed 78. Reimbursement for Money Spent 79. Teachers' Retirement Funds X. Rights and Duties of Parents and Pupils 80. Compulsory Education 81. What Constitutes Compliance 82. Who May Attend Schools 83. What Constitutes School Residence 84. Rights of Nonresidents 85. Disciplinary Rights of Parents and Teachers 86. Prohibiting Membership in Fraternities 87. Private School Fees 88. Incidental Fees 89. Vaccination by Legislative Requirement 90. Vaccination Required by Order of Local Boards 91. Physician's Certificate of Health 92. Selection of Studies XI. Studies and Text Books 93. Legislative Power over Text Books 94. Authority of School Officers 95. Changing Selection of Books 96. Selling Books to Pupils XII. Discipline and Punishment 97. Corporal Punishment in General 98. Offenses Justifying Punishment 99. Extent of Punishment 100. Civil Liability of Teacher 101. Criminal Liability of Teacher 102. Detention after School Hours XIII. Exclusion, Expulsion and Suspension 103. Right to Reject Applicant for Admission 105. Suspension or Expulsion by Directors 108. Suspension or E pulsion from Private Schools 110. In General XIV. Race Segregation 111. Necessity of Providing Separate Schools 112. Segregation in Private Schools 113. Who Are Colored Persons 114. Division of Taxes by Color XV. Religious Exercises or Instruction 115. Constitutional Restrictions 116. Place of Worship 117. Sectarian Instruction 118. Versions of Bible 119. Distinctive Religious Garb of Teachers 120. Use of School for Church or Church for School I. INTRODUCTORY 1. Definitions and Scope of Article.-A school, in the ordinary acceptance of the word, is a place where instruction is imparted to the young. Various other definitions have been given as follows: A "school is an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; "an assemblage of scholars, those who attend upon the instruction in a school of any kind;" "a body of pupils, collectively, in any place of instruction, and under instruction of one or more teachers;" "the disciples or followers of a teacher;" and "any place or means of 1. Note: Ann. Cas. 1912A 374. |