In the forests are to be found pines, common and turkey oaks, and beeches; in less quantity, maple, alder, ash, and the lime tree.

The pine is chiefly to be found in the counties of Máramaros, Arva, Túrocz, and Liptó; but in less quantity it is spread over a great area, commencing from Pressburg on the summit of the Carpathian range, as far as the southern end of Hungary in the Banat, and besides that it occurs also in the counties of Baranya and Vas.

On the more temperate mountain chains the beech and oak abound, especially the counties of Krassó and Somogy are famous for their beech forests. As timber used in husbandry, it is said that none is superior to the beech.

The plains produce chiefly the turkey and the common oak.

The trade in wood is carried on by means of the rivers, and most extensively practised on the Theiss, with the wood derived from the fores s in Máramaros, Beregh, and Ugocsa. Besides that, a considerable trade is carried on on the Szamos, Körös, Berettyó, and more on the Maros. The staple places are along the river Theiss, Tisza- Ujlak, Tisza-Füred, and especially Szolnok and Szeged; on the river Maros, Lippa, Arad, and Mako.

Towards the valley of the Danube the greatest part of the wood is transported on the river Vág, from the counties of Arva, Túrocz, Liptó, and Trencsén; the staple places being Hradek, Rozsahegy (Rosemberg,) Zsolna, Vágh-Ujhely, Szered and chiefly Komárom, which place supplies with wood for building purposes the whole country down the Danube as far the Turkish boundaries.

On the rivers Garan and Jpoly also much wood is conveyed; but none of the rivers is superior in this respect to the Dráva (Drau,) for the wood derived from the mountains of Styria and Croatia. A considerable quantity of wood is transported on the Danube, also from Austria and Bavaria to Pest, where a most extensive trade is carried on.

The price of the wood has of late years greatly increased; the chief causes of this are the great enterprises in buildings and railroads, where it is used very often even as fuel. It may be stated, that the price of the timber is about the quadruple of what it was 15 or 20 years ago. still many forests can be found, where wood has nearly no price for want But of means of conveyance.

As an average the price of 1 florin and 1 florin 20 kreuzers may be taken for one cubic foot of timber of the first quality for building purposes and of timber for agricultural and domestic utensils. Extraordinary sizes from 1 florin 20 kreuzers to 2 florins. That is for hard wood, the soft wood is about one-third less in price.

The price of the staves per eimer varies according to size, from 60 to 80 kreuzers.

FLAX AND HEMP.

The flax and hemp could also become an article for exportation.

The northern districts are excellently qualified for the growth of flax; especially the counties of Szepes (Zips,) Sáros, Arva, Túrocz, Liptó, Trencsén, Zolyom, and even Máramaros and Vas.

In the southern parts of Hungary the culture of flax gives place to that of hemp. As places producing this material in a superfine quality, may

be named, the county Bács, and the southern part of the county PestSolt. The production of this place is an article of trade under the name Apathin-hemp,' "* and may annually amount to about 150,000 cwt. (Austrian weight.) As to the fineness of quality it may be inferior to the hemp of other countries, but as to the strength of the fiber it yields

to none.

The production could be much more extended, the predilection of the people and a good soil concurring, if there was a demand for exportation. The price of the hemp is variable, according to the quality. The prices at the market of Pest are as follows:

THE EUROPEAN LOAN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES.

MUCH has been said respecting the European loan of the Southern States. As it is now certain that the amount asked for will be raised, the terms on which it is negotiated become a matter of interest.

The loan is for a moderate amount only, viz., £3,000,000 sterling. It is to bear interest at 7 per cent, but as it is issued at 90, and a certain discount is allowed, it may virtually be regarded as an 8 per cent transaction. The principal is to be paid off at par in 20 years. But in the meantime any bondholder may, if he prefer it, receive at any time, on giving 60 days' notice, the value of his bond in cotton at 6d. per pound for "middling Orleans." If he asks for his cotton while the war continues, it will be delivered to him in the interior of America, within 10 miles of a railway or navigable river. If not demanded till after the "re-establishment of peace," (when six months will be allowed for the option,) it will be delivered to him free of all charges at one of the principal cotton ports of the South.

To lead one to invest in such a loan as this necessarily requires great faith. But just at the present moment the word "cotton "has much the same effect on the European brain as the word "contraband" has on the American. In this operation London thinks she sees cotton, and therefore forgets that the war is not at an end; forgets that the most of the Southern States have in former times repudiated their debts; in fact, forgets everything except that the South has heretofore grown the raw material. When pay day comes around it would not be wonderful if the Confederate States were to forget that the money had ever been borrowed.

* The name of a village in the county of Bacs, on the Danube, being also a steamboat station.

FRANCIS W. EDMONDS.

[We give this month a Phototype (an excellent likeness,) of the late F. W. EDMONDS.]

FRANCIS WILLIAM EDMONDS was born in the city of Hudson, in the State of New York, on the 22d November, 1806. His father, General SAMUEL EDMONDS, was born in the city of New York, and after serving through the whole Revolutionary War, and on the dissolution of WASHINGTON's army at Newburgh, he settled on the banks of the Hudson River, at the landing which afterwards became the city of Hudson, and died there in 1826. His mother was of the family of WORTH's, who originally emigrated from Devonshire, in England, settled on the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, and two of them-the brothers THOMAS and HUBBARD were of the party who erected the city of Hudson.

In early childhood F. W. EDMONDS was of a grave and rather sedate temperament, with an under-current of quiet humor. When quite young he evinced a striking tendency for Art. His first attempts with slate and pencil were made almost as soon as he had learned to use a pencil, and he used to pick up broken type from the refuse of a printing office, cast them into flat plates, and with his pen-knife engrave figures and letters on them. So marked was this tendency in him that his father took some steps towards binding him as an apprentice to some of the distinguished engravers then flourishing in Philadelphia. But before the arrangement was completed he was offered by his uncle, the late G. A. WORTH, afterwards president of the City Bank, a clerkship in the Tradesinens' Bank, which was accepted, and Edmonds, at the age of sixteen, came to the city of New York, which thenceforth, except a short interval of two years, became his home. He remained in various subordinate positions in that bank until 1830, when, at the early age of twenty-four, he was appointed cashier of the Hudson River Bank in his native place. While cashier at Hudson, he married a lady of that place, by whom he had two children—. a son and a daughter. The latter survives him; but his son, who displayed as strong, if not a stronger, penchant for the Arts than even his father did, died at the early age of eighteen.

Mr. EDMONDS Continued in Hudson only until June 26th, 1832, when he was appointed cashier of the Leather Manufacturers' Bank in this city. He continued his connection with that institution until March 8th, 1839, when he was appointed cashier of the Mechanics' Bank, which place he resigned on July 26th, 1855, and retired from the "money market" of New York. He was twice appointed to the office of chamberlain of this city, and resigned that place when he left the Mechanics' Bank,

After withdrawing from the bank, he became connected with the American Bank Note Engraving Company, and was its secretary and one of its directors when he died. While in that position he sketched many of the pictures which that company have used for their bank and treasury notes. The Barn Yard," "The Sewing Girl," "The Mechanic," and "Grinding the Scythe," are among the many which attracted attention for their vigor and fidelity to the reality.

His early education was no more than that of a tolerably good village school; but during his clerkship in New York he studied hard to make up the deficiency. The books he bought at that time, and most frequently perused, besides works that related to the Arts, were the works of JOHNSON, ADDISON, SHAKSPEARE, and the British dramatists, and he thus became a polished and vigorous writer and a very good extemporaneous speaker— distinguished in all he wrote or spoke for conciseness and directness. He became at one time a frequent contributor to the periodical press on politics, finance, literature, and the arts, and yet so unpretending with it all that only his most intimate friends were aware how much of his leisure time he thus occupied.

But it was only after dark that his time was thus occupied with his pen and general literature. All his leisure hours during the day time were devoted to painting and to improving himself in that branch of art. His performances in that direction soon attracted notice, as remarkable for one so entirely self-taught as he was. But he loved the Art with his whole soul, and while he never permitted the pursuit of it to interfere with his business, he gave himself up to it to the exclusion of all those enjoyments which ordinarily are so powerfully attractive in this city to lads fresh from the country and thrown at large among the wonders and temptations of the commercial metropolis.

After a while he was induced to bring out one of his pietures at the annual exhibition of the National Academy. That first exhibited work of his was "Hudibras Capturing the Fiddler," now in the possession of his brother, the Judge, and was entered on the catalogue as painted by "F. William," and under that nom de plume his pictures appeared in the gallery for several succeeding years, until he was finally detected, and elected an associate in the Academy, and ever afterwards was received among the artists of the country as one of their "Fellows." Several of his pictures have been engraved, and a few have been sold, but many yet remain at his late residence in Westchester. They are mainly delineations of homely domestic scenes, and remind one of WILKIE'S line of art. The only opportunity he ever had of studying the art, beyond the leisure which his business as a banker afforded him, was a short visit he made to Italy, on one occasion, when his health had become impaired by the labor he undertook of examining the Manhattan Bank, in addition to his ordinary duties with his own. When abroad he spent his whole time in Italy, and his associations were almost exclusively with artists. The works he painted after his return showed a marked improvement in the coloring, and were in consequence received with more favor.

As a banker, it was his singular fortune never to have had the easy post of a cashier in an institution already organized and in prosperous condition. The Hudson River and the Leather Manufacturers' Bank he had the task of starting ab ovo. He was their first cashier. And the Mechanics' had been much crippled by the misfortunes which preceded his connection with it. When he left it, it was in a most flourishing

condition.

He ranked high among the bankers of our commercial emporium, and his opinions were very much respected. The readiness with which he mastered the most complicated details of finance, the soundness of his judgment, and the far-sightedness of his views on all subjects connected

with the monetary affairs of the country were known and appreciated by all who knew him or knew of him.

From

In 1840, shortly after he became cashier of the Mechanics' Bank, he was appointed secretary of a board of commissioners, composed of Messrs. JAMES G. KING, ROBERT H. MORRIS, and JAMES BOORMAN, to investigate the condition of the Manhattan Company. That examination was entrusted to Mr. EDMONDS, and the report of it, written by him, attracted much attention as a very able, clear, and exhaustive document. that time his ability as a bank officer was established and ever afterwards recognized. To a very remarkable degree he enjoyed the confidence and esteem of all classes of bank officers, among whom he attained to high rank as a careful and conservative banker, for whose judgment great respect was entertained.

In 1853, when the competition in banking and the increase of business had rendered it necessary to change the method of transacting the complicated business of the banks with their associates-there being at that time fifty-seven banks engaged in business in the city of New York—he was one of the first of the bank officers to advocate the establishment of a clearing-house, and was recognized as a leader in the movement to that end. The reputation which he enjoyed enabled him to do more perhaps than any other banker to harmonize differences of opinion and to adjust satisfactorily the delicate details of that organization. It was largely owing to the influence which he exercised that fifty-two of the fifty-seven banks were induced to unite in the Clearing-house Association. He was appointed chairman of the first clearing-house committee, associated with Messrs. PUNNETT, SILLIMAN, EVERETT, and BERRY, and was annually reelected, with them, to that position until his retirement from the Mechanics' Bank.

He was of a warm and affectionate nature, but not demonstrative of his feelings. He was very sensitive, and very shy of showing that he was so; always generous and liberal, yet sternly and strictly just. His integrity was so inflexible that he was hardly indulgent enough to the failings of others in this respect. He was intimately known but to few, but their regard for him was very great, and his sudden and unexpected death took from many of our best men a highly valued friend. The National Academy, the American Bank Note Company, a railroad company of which he was a director, the Society of Neighbors, and the Church of which he was a vestryman, all bore public testimony to his worth, and he has left a void with us the more marked because of the singular union in him of superior excellence, both as a banker and an artist, and because of the example he was setting us of what may be done by devoting leisure hours to mental and moral culture, rather than to indolent. ease or selfish indulgence.

His life was a steady progression in knowledge, in love, and in purity, and alas! that it should have been withdrawn from among us.