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boats are stationed for the saving of lives from shipwreck, furnished with the necessary apparatus for the purpose. The stations are the following, viz.:

I. On the western coast of North Jutland.

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If communication with a stranded vessel in no other way can be effected, a nine yarn line will be thrown to the shipwrecked men by the aid of a rocket apparatus; hauling on board this line, a 3 inch hawser will follow, at the end of which a block is made fast, in which is the bight of a thin line. Both ends of this line are made fast on the lifechair, that with its thimble travels on the 3 inch hawser. The hawser must be made fast on board the ship as high as possible, in order that the chair, if possible, may clear the surf. By the aid of the thin line, that passes through the block, made fast on the hawser on board, the chair can be hauled to and fro from the beach, and thus the communication for the saving of the crew is effected.

FIRST CARGO OF TEA FROM JAPAN.

The bark Benefactor, Captain BERRY, which arrived the past month, from Yokohama (Bay of Yeddo), brings the first cargo of teas imported into New York from Japan since the opening of trade with that country. Hitherto the teas and silks of Japan have found their way to the Atlantic States via China, where the teas have been refired and repacked. The Benefactor's cargo has been prepared in Yokohama, with special reference to its sale in the American market, the firing and repacking being superintended by Chinese, sent to Japan for the purpose. The tea of Japan resembles the finest green tea of China, known as Moyune, differing chiefly in this, that it is perfectly pure and free from all coloring mat ter. While the Japan tea is not deficient in strength, it has a delicacy and softness of flavor which has already made it very popular.

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The Benefactor and cargo are consigned to Messrs. A. A. Low & Brothers, and the teas will be offered for sale in a few days. She has be sides a quantity of raw silk, said to be of the finest quality.

Two pheasants, put on board by the American minister at Japan, and intended for the Central Park, died the other side of Cape of Good Hope.

* Lifeboat.

Rocket apparatus for carrying a line.

MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES.

ECONOMY AND LIBERALITY.

THERE is scarcely any virtue that requires more strength of character for its practice than systematic economy. To spend money is the easiest thing in the world, and even a fool can throw it away. But always to count the cost before a purchase is made, so that both ends may meet at the close of the year, (often called by the spendthrift meanness,) is really the best_evi! dence of honesty and true bravery. Yet we have seen men even laugh at the idea of trying to save a dollar; were you however to follow these same individuals through the year, you would find nine out of every ten cheating "the butcher, the baker, and the candle-stick maker" out of the amounts they justly owed them. Set it down then as a fixed fact that no man except the very few of independent fortunes can promptly pay his honest debts without being frugal and saving.

But the particular idea we wished at this time to enforce was, that, among men in ordinary circumstances, there can be no true liberality without proper economy. This proposition is as clear as noon-day, and yet the world's judgment is not regulated by it. We see a man give a hundred, five hundred, or a thousand dollars to some charitable object and call it liberality, while another refuses to give and we set that down as meanuess, without in either instance inquiring into the facts or circumstances. In the one case the five hundred dollars may be given by the spendthrift who never meets an obligation promptly, but likes the show and reputation of giving, while in the other case systematic charity in an unostentatious way may be the rule of life. Show liberality we think is a very cheap commodity. The money given does good, (and so far we like it,) but there is no heart, no self-denial, no true liberality in it.

The mere fact then that one gives largely, or has the reputation of doing so, is no proof that he is truly liberal or generous, any more than is the fact that a man practises strict economy, and only gives when he can afford to, proof of his meanness. Always remember this, that it is only the prudent who can afford to give, and distrust therefore the liberality of one who is not frugal and saving. To be free with others money, to give largely out of what one needs to pay one's debts, is neither generous nor Christian.

We would say then to all, do not be afraid to economize, or to have it known that you are economical; for that fear only exists in the mind of the snob or the swindler. And further, if you meet one who ridicules the idea of practising economy, and yet has the reputation of being a generous fel· low, avoid him as you would a pestilence, for ten to one he will cheat you; perhaps borrow and forget to return it, and abuse you unmercifully when you request him to refund. A man who will not economize will not pay his debts; and a man who will not economize cannot afford to be liberal.

HUMAN HAIR AS AN ARTICLE OF TRAFFIC.

Few persons are probably aware of the extent to which the traffic in human hair is carried. It has been ascertained that the London hairmerchants alone import annually no less a quantity than five tons. But

the market would be very inadequately supplied if dependence were solely placed on chance clippings. There must be a regular harvest, which can be looked forward to at a particular time; and as there are different markets for black tea and green tea, for pale brandy and brown brandy, so is there a light-haired market distinct from the dark-haired.

The light hair is exclusively a German product. It is collected by the agents of a Dutch company who visit England yearly for orders. Until about fifty years ago, light bair was esteemed above all others. One peculiar golden tint was so supremely prized, that the dealers only produced it to favorite customers, to whom it was sold at eight shillings an qunce, or nearly double the price of silver. The rich and silk-like texture of this treasured article had its attractions for poets and artists as well as traders. "Shakspeare especially," says one of our authorities, seems to have delighted in golden hair." "Her sunny locks hung on her temples like the golden fleece;" as Bassanio describes Portia in the Merchant of Venice. Again, in the Two Gentlemen of Verona, Julia says of Sylvia and herself; "Her hair is auburn, mine is perfect yellow.".... Black hair he only mentions twice throughout his entire plays, clearly showing that he imagined light hair to be the peculiar attribute of soft and delicate women.

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A similar partiality for this color, touched with the sun, runs, however, through the great majority of the poets, old Homer himself for one; and the best painters have seized, with the same instinct, upon golden tresses. A walk through any gallery of old masters will instantly settle this point. There is not a single female head in the National Gallery, beginning with those glorious studies of heads, the highest ideal of female beauty by such an idealist as Correggio, and ending with the full-blown blondes of the prodigal Rubens-there is not a single black haired female head amongst them.

But all this has passed away; the dark brown hair of France now rules the market. It is the opinion of those who have the best right to offer one on such a subject, that the color of the hair of the English people has deepened in tint within the last fifty years, and that this change is owing to the more frequent intermarriages, since the Napoleonic wars, with nations nearer to the sunny south. Whether dark or light, however, the hair purchased by the dealer is so closely scrutinized, that he can discriminate between German and the French article by the smell alone; nay, he even claims the power, "when his nose is in," of distinguishing accurately between the English, the Welsh, the Irish, and the Scotch commodities. The French dealers are said to be able to detect the difference between the hair "raised" in two districts of Central France, not many miles apart, by tokens so slight as would baffle the most learned of our naturalists and physiologists.

Black hair is imported chiefly from Brittany and the south of France, where it is annually collected by the agents of a few wholesale Parisian houses. The average crops-we scorn the imputation of a pun-harvested by these firms, amount yearly to upwards of two hundred thousand pounds' weight. The price paid for each head of hair ranges from one to five francs, according to it weight and beauty; the former seldom rising above a pound, and seldom falling below twelve onces. The itinerant dealers are always provided with an extensive assortment of ribbons, silks, laces, haberdashery, and cheap jewelry of various kinds, with which

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they make their purchases as frequently as with money. They attend all the fairs and merrymakings within their circuit, and the singularity and novelty of their operations are wont to strike travelers more than anything else which meets their notice. "In various parts of the motley crowd," says one who had stopped to stare his fill at one of the Breton fairs, "there were three or four different purchasers of this commodity, who travel the country for the purpose of attending the fairs and buying the tresses of the peasant-girls," who seem, indeed, to bring the article to market as regularly as peas or cabbages. "They have particularly fine hair," he continues, "and frequently in the greatest abundance. I shold have thought that female vanity would have effectually prevented such a traffic as this being carried to any extent. But there seemed to be no difficulty in finding possessors of beautiful heads of hair perfectly willing to sell. We saw several girls sheared, one after the other, like sheep, and as many more standing ready for the sheers, with their caps in their hands, and their long hair combed out and hanging down to their waists. Some of the operators were men, some women. By the side of the dealers was placed a large basket, into which every successive crop of hair, tied up into a wisp by itself, was thrown." As far as personal beauty is concerned, the girls do not lose much by losing their hair; for it is the fashion in Brittany to wear a close cap, which entirely prevents any part of the chevelure from being seen, and of course as totally conceals the want of it. The hair thus obtained is transmitted to the wholesale houses, by whom it is dressed, sorted, and sold to the hair-workers in the chief towns, at about ten francs per pound. The portion of the crop most suitable for perukes is purchased by a particular class of persons, by whom it is cleaned, curled, prepared to a certain stage, and sold to the perukeiers at a greatly advanced price-it may be forty, or it may be eighty francs per pound. Choice heads of hair, like choice old pictures, or choice old china, have, however, no limit to the price they may occasionally command.

PROSPECTS OF EMIGRATION.

The emigration to this port in January was nearly three times that of the corresponding month of 1862. From this fact some people conclude that there is to be a decided increase in the number of emigrants this year over that of last. Comparisons between the emigration for corresponding months in different years, usually give a fair idea of the prospective increase or decrease of the number of arrivals. But in the case referred to, the general rule fails. The prevalence of mild weather and of easterly winds clearly accounts for the large influx of emigrants last month. There is nothing to indicate that there will be this year any greater emigration than in 1862; and people who are holding meetings to remonstrate against any extra importation of laborers at this time only throw away their time and labor. The continuance of the war deters emigration, especially from Germany. Emigration from England is also powerfully affected by the same cause. But no amount of calamity and misfortune operates to prevent the Irish residents from sending over to the old country fo. their friends; and the friends thus sent for are always happy to come. If there is any increase in the emigration this year over that of last, it will be from Ireland.

NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND.

According to the 28th report of the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, for the year 1861, it appears that at the close of the year 1861 the number of schools in operation was 5,830. The average daily attendance of pupils for the same period was 284,726, and the average number on the rolls for the same year was 531,014; while the total number of distinct children at any time on the rolls for the year was 803,364. As compared with the year 1860, there is an increase of 198 in the number of schools in operation for the year 1861. The total number of pupils on the rolls has decreased by 636; but the average number on the rolls has increased by 20,376; whilst the increase in the average daily attendance amounts to 21,903. The increase in these latter numbers indicate an improvement in the regularity of the pupils' attendance during the past year; but it is not expected that the total number on the rolls will much vary from the 800,000-or one-seventh of the population-yearly receiving the benefits of the system.

New Hampshire...

1,250,250 Ohio.......

Rhode Island.

450,000 Illinois.

RECEIPTS OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

The following are the total amounts of internal revenue tax, exclusive of receipts from corporation salaries and stamps, received by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from the collectors of the several States to January 31, 1863

Maine....

Vermont....
Massachusetts..

Connecticut...
New York..

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847,580

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367,742

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New Jersey.

325,435 Wisconsin.

120,575

Pennsylvania.
Delaware..

Maryland.

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Dist. of Columbia...
Total.....

312,143 California.
46,046

280,115

$9,067,538

PEA-NUTS IN CALIFORNIA.

One of the San Francisco papers (the Mercantile Gazette, we believe,) says that some 10,000 pounds of pea-nuts were raised in Yole and Sacramento counties during the last year; 8,000 pounds of which were purchased by a firm in this city. Had it not been for the floods there probably would have been over 20,000 pounds produced. The first lot of peanuts raised in this State, came into market about three years ago. Their cultivation has been so successful that it is probable the importation of them will entirely cease within the next two years. Dealers purchase them of the producer at 20 cents a pound, and wholesale them at 25 cents.

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