PARISHES UNDER BYE-LAWS (April, 1876). England, 352 Boards in 424 Parishes... ... 1,537,153 Parliamentary grant.-The term "parliamentary grant" means a grant made in aid of an elementary school, either annually or otherwise, out of moneys provided by parliament for the civil service, intituled "For public education in Great Britain" (sect. 3, Act of 1870.) In addition to the parliamentary grant here mentioned a sum of money is also annually voted by parliament towards the maintenance of training colleges for teachers. Articles 17-40 and 106-112 of the New Code of the Education Department show the conditions required to be fulfilled in order to obtain the parliamentary grant for a public elementary school; while Articles 83-105 refer to the grants to training colleges. The grants to public elementary schools have been thus summarised (a) : On the average attendance. A. Providing a school has met 400 times in the course of the year, there is paid upon every scholar (if over three and under eighteen) in average attendance B. If singing forms part of the ordinary course of instruction, an additional C. If the inspector reports that the discipline and organisation of the school are satisfactory, another On class examination. D. If the classes from which the children are examined in Standards II.-VI., or in specific subjects, pass a creditable examination in two of the following subjects, viz., grammar, history, elementary geography, and plain needlework, there is paid on the children above seven in average attendance, an additional grant of £ s. d. 040 0 1 0 - 0 1 0 - 0 4 0 [N.B.-If one-tenth of those examined in reading, writing, and arithmetic, are not presented in Standards IV.-VI., this is reduced to 2s.] (a) In "The New Code, 1876, with Notes, &c." On individual examination. £ s. d. E. For children over seven and under eighteen, who have attended 250 (in certain cases 150) times, for every pass whether in reading, writing, or arithmetic 030 [N.B.-In an infant school or department 4s. will be paid for every pass.] F. If the time table has provided for one or more of the following:-English literature, mathematics, Latin, French, German, mechanics, animal physiology, physical geography, botany, domestic economy; every scholar in Standards IV.-VI. may pass in any two (and every scholar who has previously passed in Standard VI. in any three), and for each individual pass there is an additional grant of - 0 4 0 [N.B.-Unless three-fourths of the total number of passes attainable in the Standard Examination (Article 28) have been obtained this grant (F.) cannot be earned.] On presentation. G. For children above four and under seven who have made 250 (in some cases 150) attendances, and are present on the day of examination. If taught as a separate department, under a certificated teacher, for every scholar [N.B. This is reduced to 8s. if the infants are taught in a school with older children, and have no separate certificated teacher.] For pupil-teachers. H. For each pupil-teacher required by Article 32 c who passes a good examination and brings good certificates from the managers 0 10 0 - 3 0 0 [N.B.-This is reduced to £2 if either the examination passed or the managers' certificates are only fair.] For small rural schools. I. If the population within two miles by road of the school is less than 200, and there is no other public elementary school with sufficient accommodation for such population, within three miles of the school, there is paid an extra grant of 15 0 0 [N.B.-If the population is more than 200, but less than 300, this grant is £10.] Person. The term "person" includes a body corporate (sect. 3, Act of 1870). Ratepayer.-The term "ratepayer" includes every person who, under the provisions of the Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act, 1869, is deemed to be duly rated (sect. 3, Act of 1870).. The Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act, 1869, provides that the name of every occupier shall be entered on the rate book, whether he himself pays the tax or it is paid by his landlord, and that the mere omission of his name shall not cause him to lose any franchise. But for the purposes of an election for a school board in a parish "which is not situate in the city of London or in a borough, other than the borough of Oxford," the Education Act of 1873 provides that every ratepayer whose name appears in the book containing the last rate made for such parish more than one month previously to any date shall be entitled to vote at that date, unless disqualified on account of previous corrupt practices (see sect. 91, p. 77), “and that no person shall be entitled to vote whose name does not so appear." Schoolhouse.-The term "schoolhouse" includes the teacher's dwelling-house, and the playground (if any) and the offices and all premises belonging to or required for a school (sect. 3, Act. of 1870). Secretary of State.-The term "Secretary of State" means one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State (sect. 48, Act of 1876). Teacher. The term "teacher" includes assistant teacher, pupil teacher, sewing mistress, and every person who forms part of the educational staff of a school (sect. 3, Act of 1870). Union. The term "union" means any union or incorporation of parishes under any general or local Act, and any single parish having guardians as defined by this Act under any general or local Act (sect. 27, Act of 1873). Vestry. The term "vestry" means the ratepayers of a parish meeting in vestry according to law (sect. 3, Act of 1870). SECTION 1. LAW AS TO EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. CHAPTER 1. Duty of parent (p. 31). Employment of children; Limits of age; Certificates of proficiency and attendance (p. 32). Exceptions as to the prohibition of employment of children (p. 35). Penalties; Liability of employer, parent, agent, and workman (p. 37). Extension of the sections of the Factory Acts relating to education (p. 39). Duty of parent. The parent of every child is bound to see that such child receives efficient instruction in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In order that the temptations to evade this duty shall not be too great, the employment of children in labour is prohibited under certain penalties. Section 4, Act of 1876.-Declaration of duty of parent to educate child -It shall be the duty of the parent of every child to cause such child to receive efficient elementary instruction in reading writing, and arithmetic, and if such parent fail to perform such duty, he shall be liable to such orders and penalties as are provided by this Act (a). (a) The penalty for disobedience to an attendance order to send one's child to school may not exceed five shillings. On continued disobedience the child may be sent to a certified industrial school. Employment of children; Limits of age; Certificates of proficiency and attendance, Children under the age of ten years are not to be employed except under the circumstances to be presently noted. Children between the age of ten and fourteen may be employed if they have obtained a certificate of proficiency or a certificate of attendance, or if they attend school in accordance with the Factory Acts, or in accordance with the legal bye-laws of the local authority. Children over the age of fourteen are exempted from the operations of the Education Acts. The standards of proficiency and attendance required from a child before he can obtain the required certificate are set forth in Schedule I. of the Act of 1876. The certificates are to be obtained free of cost, and are to be given in accordance with regulations made by the Education Department. Section 5, Act of 1876.-Regulation as to employment of child under ten, and certificate of education or previous school attendance being condition of employment of child over ten.-A person shall not, after the commencement of this Act, take into his employment (except as hereinafter in this Act mentioned) any child (1). Who is under the age of ten years; or (2). Who, being of the age of ten years or upwards, has not obtained such certificate either of his proficiency in reading, writing, and elementary arithmetic, or of previous due attendance at a certified efficient school, as is in this Act in that behalf mentioned, unless such child, being of the age of ten years or upwards, is employed, and is attending school in accordance with the provisions of the Factory Acts, or of any bye-law of the local authority (hereinafter mentioned) made under section seventy-four of the Elementary Education Act, 1870, as amended by the Elementary Education Act, 1873, and this Act and sanctioned by the Education Department. Section 24, Act of 1876.-Supplemental provisions as to certificates of proficiency and previous attendance at school.-The certificates of proficiency of a child in reading, writing, and elementary arithmetic, and of |