external influence, to regard all out of himself with benevolence and affection, and to leave all beings to produce their effects on him according to their respective natures. Such is the mystic sort of language in which he, like most of his brother critics of Germany, thinks proper to describe his mental emotions. Causes more matter-of-fact may be found in his having become acquainted with people whose habits and manners he has pourtrayed in his romance. Of these Werther himself (which was once doubted) is only the representative of a young gentleman of the unromantic name of Jerusalem, whom he describes as middlesized, oval-faced, blue-eyed and fair-haired, dressed in a blue frock, yellow leather waistcoat, and boots with brown tops. Young Jerusalem had fallen in love with his friend's wife, and blew his brains out in due course of time. Charlotte was every thing that we find her in the Sorrows of Werther, as was Albert also; and Goëthe's practice of holding imaginary conversations in solitude, in which he made his friends fancied interlocutors, gave him a facility of combining these characters together in the situations he has so eloquently described. The work made a great sensation in Germany, and the author became at once popular. Ladies vied with one another as to who was the original Charlotte--a circumstance not a little amusing to Goëthe; and critics reviewed it, as critics will do; and wits, as wits will do, parodied and burlesqued it. In this country we all know what a noise it made, and what serious alarms it excited. O curas hominum! We are too fond of alarming ourselves. The robust and manly intellect of Englishmen is not made of such milk-and-water stuff that we need fear any danger from excess of romantic sensibility; and as to our religion or morals being hurt by a tale, which besides was not intended to do either, why we look upon it to be a most uncalled-for libel on both. But among us every generation of literature as well as politics must have its bugbear to frighten it. Goëthe now mixed with the literati of Germany, with whom he had taken a high rank. He sketches the characters of several of the most distinguished, in a highly vivacious style, and continues the details of his adventures and his loves, for he was very susceptible, as gaily as usual. But we cannot afford room for farther analysis. Every page of the book teems with profound views of human nature, with powerful criticism, and with sharp pictures of human life. We recommend the character of Zimmerman, particularly, to the attention of our readers. His temper, his conversation, his domestic tyranny, his stern enthusiasm, are given with the hand of a master. It would be unjust if we were to conclude this article without remarking, that the collection of memoirs of German literati given at the conclusion, is excellently drawn up and highly useful to English readers. THE HUNTER OF THE URUGUAY TO HIS LOVE. WOULDST thou be happy, wouldst thou be free, Or thy hunter will shield thee the live-long day And their ceaseless songs from the palm-trees nigh, The leopard shall yield his spotted skin, To lurk around thy bed. The Aot shall shun that sacred spot, The river-serpent shall harm thee not, Nor the Cayman venture near. ‡ Thou shalt list to the hymn of the bearded choir § How the woods resound Till in distance it is gone! Thou shalt mark the Ounce || in the leafy shade, Illumine the watery way: Come, my beloved-delay no more I linger for thee upon the shore. Fear not the rocks that darken our course, Our canoes are swift and strong; Fear not the eddy's hurrying force- The willows are waving to hail us home, M. E. * The Uruguay river is full of wooded islands, consisting of willow, peach, and palm-trees; they are the haunts of innumerable birds, remarkable for the splendour of their plumage and sweetness of their note. The Yaguarete or leopard of South America abounds here, and men pass the summer on these islands in hunting them for the sake of their skins. There are many rapids and eddies in some parts of this river, and the Indians use double canoes with oars, some seventy feet long. The Ao is an amphibious animal, very ferocious and formidable. The Cayman, an animal of which some tribes of Indians stand in strange fear, believing it can only be killed by the reflection of its basilisk eye. § The bearded monkeys, a troop of which are called by the Portuguese a choir, from their singing in concert at sunrise and sunset. The Ounce has a singular stratagem to lure his prey.-See Southey's Hist. of Brazil. THE CHOICE. FLORA had an eye of blue, Gentle, languishing, and clearLips like roses dipp'd in dew, Vermeil cheeks, and forehead white Such a being of delight Poets sometimes bring us near. And a cheek of healthy red; Made her nod a sovereign law. Mary of herself ne'er thought- For her sober reason taught She could be content with one, Flora, fond of coquetry. Pitied none who sighed before her; All who bowed she welcome gave, A fresh suppliant to adore her. She all lovers set at nought, But the youth who little praised, If another eye were near. Flora was a beauteous show, Cold as marble was her heart; Love her bosom never knew, Passion she had never felt When her warmest lover knelt,— She was but a thing of art. Mary had a bosom soft, Beating fondness and good-nature; She would weep and sigh as oft That no sweet emotions grace1 to Mary pay my duty. L. ABSENTEEISM.-NO. I. "Les absens ont toujours tort." is one THE phrase "Absentee," says Dr. Johnson, "used with regard to Irishmen living out of their country:" and as its origin is Irish, so its use and application are strictly confined to the history of that unfortunate people. The inference to be drawn from this fact is plain: that there is something in the circumstances of the Irish, peculiar to themselves,-something which forces upon them a line of conduct contrary to the ordinary instincts of humanity, and compels them to fly from that land which all other nations regard with more or less of favour and affection, from that land which youth quits with regret, and to which age clings with passion, when all other passions fade,—the land of their nativity. In every history of Irish grievances, this cabalistical term "absentee" appears in the front of the array, and, like the terrible" Il Bondocani" of the Calif of Bagdat, strikes down all before it: the apology for every abuse, the obstacle to every plan of amelioration, the bugbear of the timid, the stalking-horse of the designing. "Absenteeism," observes the Secretary for the Home Department, "is an operative cause of tumult, but it is without a remedy ;" and thus dismissing all ministerial responsibility with a laconic aphorism, he launches an integral portion of the empire committed to his management, to revolve for ever in the turbulent whirlpool of a vicious circle of cause and effect. Tumult expels the rich landholders, the absence of the rich landholders perpetuates tumult: this is a law of nature, which admits of "no remedy;" and the executive have nothing to do but to procure the passing of penal statutes according to the necessities of the moment, and to find the means of extorting four millions a year from English industry, to pay the expense of Irish misrule. In political philosophy there are no evils without a remedy, save those which arise out of the common condition of humanity;-and the minister who confesses a political evil which he cannot remove, should remove himself; for he is himself the greatest evil with which the people have to contend. Sully, who administered the affairs of France under the most adverse circumstances, when it was still harassed with civil contentions and torn with religious factions, saw no political impossibilities, though many political difficulties, with which he courageously and successfully grappled: but, alas! the Secretary for the Home Department is not Sully. To what physiological peculiarity of constitution this irremediable tendency to wander, inherited from their progenitors by the restless sons of the great Milesius, is to be attributed, the learned Secretary has not informed us; and it is certain that Spurzheim, on his visit to the Irish capital, discovered no migratory inequality upon the surface of the Irish cranium, to account for the disposition. But in whatever particular of temperament or exuberance of cerebral developement the cause of this effect defective lies latent, it is matter of historic fact, that though the ancient Irish were restless enough at home (" never," says Campion, "wanting drift to drive a tumult,") yet this activity, which induced them "to pick a quarrel, fall in love, or any other diverting accident of that kind," never found vent in absenteeism. Where, indeed, could Irishmen t go to better their condition, which all in Ireland, who were not saunts. were kings; and many were both, while none were martyrs,*bus Hest certain negoce," says the French proverb, bu fon peril beaucoup en quittunt boutique and this proverb, at all times applicable to Irish absen tees, was particularly so in that golden age, so often referreduto by antiquaries, when Ireland, "lying aloof in the Western Ocean, was a nest of kingdoms," when superb and wealthy monasteries and royal palaces occnpied every foot of the territory and when swallows built their nests in old men's beards for want of worse habitations. In those true church and state times of Ireland's prosperity, of which the Orange man's Utopia is but a type, it is little wonderful that the people gave into no wanderings, but those" du cœur et de l'esprit çTM1⁄2 and that a pilgrimage to St. Patrick's purgatory, a royal progress of some Toparek of the South to a Dynast in the Northy or a morning visit from King Mac Turtell to his close neighbour King Gillemohalmoghe + (which occasionally ended in the broken heads of both parties), should include the recorded absenteeism of two thousand years. Tvo mod spam mat "It was reserved, however, for one of these royal heroes first to commit the patricidal crime: and the first Irish absentee of note, though a great king, was but a mauvais sujet, having pillaged his people, wasted his revenue, ran away with his neighbour's wife, and sold his country for a mess of pottage. It is almost unnecessary to add that this royal founder of absenteeism is condemned to the contempt of posterity by the title of Dermot Mac Murrogh O'Kavenagh, King of Leinster; and that the result of his absenteeship was the successful invasion of Ireland by Henry II. the crusading grants of Pope Adrian IV, and, above all, the fearful forfeitures followed by rebellion on one part, and on the other by an effort at extermination, which have multiplied from age to age those possessors and deserters of the soil, who have drawn over "the profits raised out of Ireland, and refunded nothing" pol derige 1 Irish potentates were then as plenty "as Munster potatoes." "Ils se condoyert," as in the salle des rois of Napoleon. Irish saints were equally numerous but, if the scandalous chronicles of the times be worthy of credit, the social order of that day was not the better for the circumstance. While King Mac Murrogh was running away with Queen O'Rourke, wife of O'Rory, King of Briffay, who was on a pilgrimage to St. Patrick's purgatory, his son was undergoing the operation of having those eyes put out, which bad looked too tenderly on the queen of Ossory. The gallantries of these Macs and O's from the earliest ages to the present day, recall the answer of the French Silvester Daggerwood to his manager, who asked his line of parts, " Chacun s'en tienne au metier de ses pères ; je sais que dans wolte famille, nous sommes tous amoureux de père en fils." + King Mac Turtell was King of Dublin, and held his kingdom by tribute from the King of Leinster. Not far from Dublin," says the admirable Maurice Regan, historiographer to MacMurrogh, and who wrote in French, not far from Dublin there lived an Irish king named Gillemobalmoghe. Of the territories of this prince, Michael's lane in Dublin formed a part. It is called in the black book of Christchurch, Gillemohalmogh As there is some reason to suppose that the kingdom extended as far as Swords, Sir Compton Domville may be regarded as the modern representative of the Gillemohalmogh dynasty. མ... ཐཱ རཱ ཏི ''ཐཱ ! རཱུ ནྟི? + Child's Discourse upon Trade.→“No inconsiderable: portion of the entire of Ireland has been confiscated twice, and perhaps thrice, in the course of a cen tury."Lord Clare's Speech on the Union.I The causes of absenteeship are, in fact, coeval with the first steps of English power in this country. Those that were adventurers," says Temple, in the Brst conquests, and, such lathers of the English nation as came over afterwards, |