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ARTICLE X.

RIGHTS RESERVED.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.—[Id.

ARTICLE XI.

LIMITATION OF JUDICIAL POWER.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by the citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.-[Proposed March 5, 1794: Ratified Jan. 8, 1798.

ARTICLE XII.

ELECTION OF PRESIDENT.

The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vicepresident, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for president shall be the president, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote: a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the senate shall choose the vice-president: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States.-[Proposed Dec. 12, 1803; ratified Sept. 25, 1804.

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of president and vice-president, no senator or representative, or person

holding office under the United
States, shall serve as......

Executive Power, shall be vested in a president 2
Exports, duties on, prohibited......

Ex post facto law, prohibited....

Habeas Corpus, can only be suspended in cases
of rebellion or invasion..

Impeachment, all civil officers liable to.......
Imposts, power to levy.

Importation, of persons, not to be prohibited
prior to 1808..

Judges, to hold office during good behavior...... compensation, not to be diminished...

Judicial Power, where vested....

the cases to which it extends... Judicial Proceedings, etc., of each state entitled to full faith and credit in every other state....

Jury, trial by, secured...

trial by, secured-amendments...
trial in suits at common law-amd'ts

Law, the constitution, the laws and treaties of the United States declared the supreme.....

of states, in choosing a president by the house of representatives-12th amendment, also

Receipts and Expenditures, account of, to be

published

1 Records, etc., faith and credit to be given to...

Representatives, house of, how composed..

qualifications of members..

how apportioned.

not to exceed one for every 30,000.

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may punish or expel a member.

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that the accused, in criminal prosecu tions, shall enjoy the right of a speedy public trial, by an impartial jury of the vicinage, and the means necessary for his defense... that, in civil cases, facts tried by a jury shall only be re-examined according to the rules of the common law..... that, in suits at common law, where the value shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved...

that excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted...

Rights, that the enumeration of certain, shall not operate to disparage others retained

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any speech or debate in the house... 1 shall not be appointed to certain offices 1

Senators and Representatives, election of, how

prescribed......

Senator, shall not be an elector of president... 2 1 Slaves. See Persons.

Speaker, how chosen...

States, restrictions on powers of...

new, may be admitted into the Union how formed within the jurisdiction of other, or by the junction of two or

more

judges of, bound to consider constitu-
tion and laws of United States su-
preme
majority of all, necessary to the choice
of president...

each to be guaranteed a republican
form of government; protection
against invasion and domestic vio-
lence

Taxes, on persons imported, not to exceed ten dollars

direct, how apportioned...
capitation or direct, shall be laid only

in proportion to census

on exports, prohibited....

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Territory, or property of the United States,
congress to make rules concerning... 4
Test, religious, shall not be required....
Titles. See Nobility....

Title, from foreign state. See Presents..
Treason, defined....

Treasury, money drawn from, only by appro-
priation.....

Treaties, the supreme law........

Vacancies, how filled..

în representation in congress, how
filled

Vessels, to enter, clear, and pay duties in the
States in which they arrive, or from
which they depart

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Vice-President, of the United States, how elected-12th amendment, also...... 2 qualifications for-12th amendment... shall, in certain cases, discharge the duties of president.....

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pelled to be against himself..5th amendment

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5 Vote, etc., how passed. See Resolution..... Warrants, for searches, etc., when and how to issue..... ....4th amendment

5 Witness, in criminal cases, no one com

TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO.

TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS AND SETTLEMENT, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC.

Dated at Guadalupe Hidalgo, 2d February, 1848: Exchanged at Queretaro, 30th May, 1848: Ratified by the President United States, 16th March, 1848: Proclaimed by the President United States, 4th July, 1848.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A PROCLAMATION.

WHEREAS, a treaty of peace, friendship, limits and settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, was concluded and signed at the City of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, which treaty, as amended by the senate of the United States, and being in the English and Spanish languages, is word for word as follows:

IN THE NAME OF ALMIGHTY GOD:

The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony and mutual confidence, wherein the two people should live, as good neighbors, have for that purpose appointed their respective plenipotentiaries-that is to say, the president of the United States has appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the president of the Mexican Republic has appointed Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Couto and Don Miguel Atristain, citizens of the said republic, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respec tive full powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of peace, arranged, agreed upon and signed the following

TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS AND SETTLEMENT, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA AND THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC.
ARTICLE I.

There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of places or persons.

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Immediately upon the signature of this treaty, a convention shall be entered into between a commissioner or commissioners appointed by the general-in-chief of the forces of the United States and such as may be appointed by the Mexican Government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place, and that, in the places occupied by the said forces, constitutional order may be re-established, as regards the political, administrative and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military occupation.

ARTICLE III.

Immediately upon the ratification of the present treaty by the government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter (provided this treaty shall then have been ratified by the government of the Mexican Republic, and the ratifications exchanged,) immediately to desist from blockading any Mexican ports, and requiring the former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practicable, withdrawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican Republic to points that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the sea ports not exceeding thirty leagues; and such evacuation of the interior of the republic shall be completed with the least possible delay; the Mexican Government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their

march and in their new positions, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be dispatched to the persons in charge of the custom houses at all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by the Mexican Government to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debt for duties on importations and on exportations not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact account shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exports collected at such custom houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, from and after the day of the ratification of this treaty by the government of the Mexican Republic, and also an account of the cost of collection; and such entire amount, deducting only the cost of collection, shall be delivered to the Mexican Government, at the city of Mexico, within three months after the exchange of ratifications.

The evacuation of the capital of the Mexican Republic by the troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulations, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner, if possible.

ARTICLE IV.

Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, all castles, forts, territories, places and possessions which have been taken or occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican Republic as about to be established by the following article, shall be definitively restored to the said republic, together with all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the government of the Mexican Republic. To this end, immediately upon the signature of this treaty orders shall be dispatched to the American officers commanding such castles and forts, securing against the removal or destruction of any such artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. The city of Mexico, within the inner line of intrenchments surrounding the said city, is comprehended in the above stipulations, as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of war, etc. The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican Republic, by the forces of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or sooner, if possible; the Mexican Government hereby engaging, as in the foregoing article, to use all means in its power for facilitating such evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants.

If, however, the ratification of this treaty by both parties should not take place in time to allow the embarkation of the troops of the United States to be completed before the commencement of the sickly season at the Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a friendly arrangement shall be entered into between the general-in-chief of the said troops and the Mexican Government, whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places, at a distance from the ports not exceeding thirty leagues, shall be designated for the residence of such troops as may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the space of time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season shall be understood to extend from the first day of May to the first day of November.

All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. It is also agreed that if any Mexicans should now be held as captives by any savage tribe within the limits of the United States, as about to be established by the following article, the government of the said United States will exact the release of such captives, and cause them to be restored to their country.

ARTICLE V.

The boundary line between the two republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to its western termination; thence northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the River Gila (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same); thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific Ocean. The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid down in the map entitled "Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by various Acts of the Congress of said Republic, and construed according to the best Authorities. Revised edition. Published at New York, in 1847, by J. Disturnell." Of which map a copy is added to this treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the undersigned plenipotentiaries.

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