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the Assembly, and all the nobility, clergy, and gentry; and in the same town was received with all these requisite ceremo- . nies by the mayor and aldermen, as such a corporation use to pay to the supreme authority of the kingdom. So that greater evidence could not be given of an entire union in the desire of the people of returning to the king's obedience, or of more affection and respect to the person of the Lord-Lieutenant, who, by his steady pursuing those professions he had always made, by his neglect and contempt of the Parliamentarians and their prodigious power, whilst he was in England, by his refusing all overtures made by them unto him for his own particular benefit, and by their declared, manifest hatred and malice towards him, was now superior to all those calumnies they had aspersed him with, and confessed to be worthy of a joint trust from the most different and divided interests and designs. Ibid, p. 202.

November 25. A copy of the Marquis of Ormond's letter to the supreme council at Kilkenny having been obtained by Colonel Jones, and sent over to the committee of Derby House, and being read in the House of Commons, it was voted to be sent down into the Isle of Wight, to the commissioners then treating there with the king, to know if he would avow it; and in case he did disavow it, that then he would declare against the Marquis; whereupon his Majesty signified, that in case other things were composed by the treaty, the concerns should be left wholly to the management of the Houses, and in the interim wrote a letter to the Marquis, ordering him to desist from his treaty with the confederate Roman Catholics of Ireland. Ibid, p. 210.

In this month Owen Roe O'Neill was so nettled by his losses and disgrace in his late flight from Lord Inchiquin's army, that he ravaged over the whole county of Roscommon, and took Jamestown, and so obstinately besieged Carrickdrumrusk, that Rory Maguire, the murderer of the Protestants of Clones, and most of his regiment, were there slain, and in revenge for it, the garrison, being all Papists, were put to the sword. Owen Roe was so weakened by this campaign, that he offered cessation to Colonel Jones, and to carry his army to Spain, if Jones would give him liberty to do so. In the mean time, the Marquis of Antrim had some Highlanders in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford, which, being joined with the Byrnes and Cavanaghs who were of the Nuncio faction, and rejected the peace, gave such disturbance to the supreme council, that they were fain to send Sir Edward Butler and Sir Thomas Esmonde to suppress them, which was at last effected, though

not without considerable slaughter on both sides. Jones, about the same time, took Ballysannon, Nabber, and Ballyho, and many of the Scots having gone to assist the Duke of Hamilton's invasion of England, Colonel Monk, by the means of Sir Pierce Cochran and Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham, surprised Carrickfergus, and in it Monroe, whom he sent prisoner to London, and then had an easy conquest of Belfast and Colerain, and Sir Charles Coote had no very hard one of the fort of Culmore. For these good services the Parliament presented Colonel Monk with five hundred pounds, and made him governor of Carrickfergus. But in this month (November) the Irish ambassadors to the Pope returned to Ireland, and brought with them abundance of relics, but no money, as may be easily gathered from the following letter from Sir Richard Blake to Sir Roebuck Lynch, (in Beling, p. 196.)

SIR,

This day the Lord Bishop of Ferns and Mr. Plunket gave an account of their negotiation to the house; they made a full representation to his Holiness of the desperate condition of the kingdom; that, without present and good supplies, which they expected from his Holiness, there was no hope of the preservation of the Catholic religion or nation. That his Holiness was bound in justice to do it, his nuncio here having, in a general assembly of the confederates, undertaken that the sum promised to Sir Kenelm Digby for the wars of England, upon good conditions for Catholics, would be applied to the service of the Catholic confederates of Ireland; but after four months attendance their answer was, (there being no intelligence then of our distance or division with the Lord Nuncio or Owen O'Neill) that his Holiness hath sent, by the Dean of Firmo, a considerable help unto us, and that he had no account how that was disposed of; that the Turks were in Candia, and threatened Italy; that there was great scarcity of corn in Rome and the adjoining territories, and that a great sum of money must be issued to satisfy the commoners; that his predecessor, Pope Urban, had left the treasury empty, and the See deeply charged with debt; that the Cardinals and others, who had pious intentions to advance our holy cause, were poor, and hardly able to maintain their own ports, so that nothing could be expected from them. And for the conditions the agents expected from his Holiness, for religion, upon our treaty with the queen and prince, he said that it was not proper for the See Apostolic to grant any articles to heretics, though it be true that Catholic princes in Germany and other kingdoms do it. As for the nuncio's engagement that the Catholics of Ireland

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should be supplied by his Holiness in the maintenance of the war, that he had no such commission, though it was true that his Holiness would give money for conditions of religion, but none upon the event of war. Our agents heard not of our disunion and ruptures in this kingdom, until after their taking leave of his Holiness, and then when the same was known and published in Rome, they heard from some eminent persons, that what his Holiness was resolved to give for our support, he knew not to what party he would send it, being flushed in blood one against the other.

I am, &c.

RICHARD BLAKE.

This letter merits remembrance, as a warning to the Irish Papists of what support they may expect, even from Rome, to their high pretensions in Ireland, divided and distracted as they have ever been, and torn at this moment into fierce factions of vetoists and anti-vetoists; shanavests, caravats, standard men, ribbonmen, et hoc genus omne. See Hib. Ang, vol. ii. page

202.

This account from Rome putting an end to all expectations of foreign succours, occasioned very serious reflections on their condition, and disposed every one to moderate their propositions for a peace so necessary for their preservation. Warner, vol. ii. P. 149.

December 19. After the Marquis of Ormond's arrival in Cork, he used his endeavours so successfully, in conjunction with Lord Inchiquin, that they quieted entirely the distractions of the army. What facilitated their work was the arrival of instructions and dispatches from the Prince of Wales, in which there was an assurance that the fleet was coming into those parts with supplies of ammunition and provision for the forces there. This, of itself, was sufficient to raise the spirits of the soldiery, but when it was added that the Duke of York would come with the fleet, and the Prince himself probably after, as soon as he had recovered strength enough from the small pox, there was no more fear of mutiny or disaffection among the forces. The coming of the Prince was, on many accounts, of so much advantage, that the Marquis of Ormond thought it his duty to press it at this time very warmly; but it did not take place. His excellency leaving the Munster army well pacified, returned, within the time he had appointed, to Kilkenny, but he was immediately taken so ill, that he could not give his answer till the nineteenth of December. In the interim he received an answer to the application he had made

to the king for a fresh authority, in the following letter, which is to be found in Carte's Collection :

ORMOND,

I hope before this, mine of this month will have come to your hands. I sent it by the way of France. This is not only to confirm the contents of that, but also to approve of certain commands to you: likewise to command you to prosecute certain instructions, until I shall, under my own hand, give you other commands. And though you will hear that this treaty is near, or at least most likely to be concluded, yet believe it not, but pursue the way you are in with all possible vigour. Deliver, also, that my command to all your friends, but not in a public way; because otherwise it may be inconvenient to me, and particularly to Inchiquin. So, being confident of your punctual observance of these my directions, I rest your most real, faithful, constant friend,

CHARLES R.

December 21. This day, the king having been ordered to Windsor Castle, arrived with a guard at Winchester, where the honourable mayor and aldermen met him at the town's end, and, as in duty heretofore, presented him with a speech, and then with their mace. The governor of the guard told them that by the act of "No Address to the King," they were all traitors, which not a little troubled the well-meaning mayor. Sanderson's History of King Charles, p. 1116.

December 22. The king arrived at Farnham, and after dinner at Bagshot, calling for his coach, he was told it was gone before; (and indeed so designed.) Then being ready to mount an excellent horse, his Majesty was troubled, as the horse had been newly pricked with a nail, and was stark lame, which being perceived, a gentleman lent him a swift gelding. This was observed, the guards were commanded for flankers till the king came off the Downs, and so he came to Windsor on Saturday night, the twenty-third of December. Here they refused to afford his Majesty any ceremony of state upon the knee, and hardly the cap, his attendance was taken away, and he was clapped up close. Ibid.

Immediately on the king's arrival, William Prynne, of Lincoln's Inn, barrister, published his Charge, being the first man that did so; whether to his eternal shame or not, we shall give you his title page, wherein we find in this case, as very often in his other pamphlets, more matter in the title-page than in all that follows in the book besides.

Mr. Prynne's Charge against the King.

Shewing That the king's design, purpose, resolution, his endeavours, practice and conversation, have always been engaged, biassed, tended to settle, establish, confirm popery, tyranny, slavery in, among, and over his dominions, subjects, people. In order to that design, end, purpose, he writ to the pope of Rome, stiling him his most holy Father, Catholique Majesty, thrice honoured Lord and Father, engaging himself to the said Pope, to endeavour to settle the popish religion only, in his dominions. And since his coming to the crown, hath extended extraordinary favours upon, protection of notorious papists, priests, jesuits, against all prosecution of laws, enacted against them; notwithstanding all his protestations to the contrary, hath raised up a most horrid, unnatural, and bloody war, arming his Roman Catholique subjects to massacre, plunder, torture, imprison, ruin, his loyal, faithful, pious, Protestant subjects; to burn, sack, spoil their cities, towns, villages, collected from the books.

Written by William Prynne, of Lincoln's Inn, Esq. being but a very small taste from the main ocean of that which he hath written concerning the King, and his ill behaviour since his coming to the crown, as also with references unto clear, satisfactory, convincing answers unto several objections concerning resisting, censuring, suspending, depriving Kings for their tyranny; yea, capitally proceeding against them, by the said Author.

To second Prynne there follow petitions pretended to be from the well affected of the county of Norfolk, from several garrisons and other such, praying for justice against the King. Prynne, an indefatigable author of most vast pieces in the Parliament's defence, had been turned out of the house, and was at this time a prisoner with the army; being now, with others, ill treated by their own stipendiaries, in the inscrutable judgment of God. Sanderson, p. 1118..

December 27. Some members out of honour and conscience forbearing, the rest of them receive the report of the thirty-eight Committee men, and their general charge against the King; which charge was, that "Charles Stuart had acted contrary to his trust, in departing from the Parliament, setting up his standard, making war against them, and thereby being the occasion of much bloodshed and misery to the people whom he was set over for good. That he gave commissions to Irish rebels, &c. and since was occasion of a second war, &c. besides what he had done contrary to the liberties of the subject, and tending

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