The valour of the garrison at this latter place preserved it, until William Sarsfield, Mayor of Dublin, raised the siege, for which service, as well as for an expedition againt O'Reilly, a Popish Chieftain in Cavan, he was knighted by the Lord Lieutenant. (Harris's History of Dublin, p.315.)

1567.-The Archbishop of Armagh was translated, at his own request, to the See of Dublin. This unusual translation may be easily accounted for: O'Neil, dealing vengeance with a heavy hand against the heretics, after he had burned the ancient Cathedral of Armagh, laid the surrounding country waste, and left it uninhabitable. (Ware's Bishops, p. 195.)

October 2.-James Mac Caghwell was promoted to the Archbishopric of Cashel, (Pat. 9 Eliz. in Rot. canc.) and in a little time after he was wounded with a skein (an old Irish weapon like a knife) by one Maurice Gibbon, Titular Archbishop of Cashel, because he would not give up the administration of the Province to him. (J. Hooker, quoted by Ware, Bishops, v. i. p. 483.) The following canon of Pope Urban justifies this diabolical act, as well as all others of the same kind, committed in the cause of the Church of Rome :

"Non eos homicidas arbitramur, quibus adversus excommunicatos Zelo Catholicæ matris Ecclesiæ ardentibus Aliquos eorum trucidasse contigerit.'

No. V.

"Spartanos (genus est audax,
"Avidumque fera) nodo cautus,

"Propiore liga."-(Sen. Hippolytus.)

1568-Sir Henry Sidney was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, (Harris's Dublin, p. 315.) and the confederate rebels of Munster implored the aid of the Pope and the King of Spain, through their Ambassadors, the Titular Bishops of Cashel and Emly. This affords another precedent for the Popish Convention of 1813.

June 20.-The Earl of Tyrone and the rebels of Ulster were defeated in battle by Sir Henry Sidney. Tyrone himself flying for succour to Alexander M'Connel, then at Clandeboy with 600 Highlanders, one of them killed the fugitive Earl, in revenge for a former injury. His head was sent to the Lord Deputy, and exposed for some time on the Castle of Dublin. A curious monument on the bridge of Athlone records this event as an aweful warning to the champions of Popery; it is singular that this monument escaped, in the storming of the castle of Athlone, by Ginkle, in 1691.

multitudes were saved from the stake only by flight, some to Holland and Flanders, and some to Dublin, and among the latter John Harvey, Abel Ellis, John Edmonds, and Henry Hough, all Cheshire men, among whom Jones, a Welch Protestant minister, officiated privately. (Robert Ware's Romish Fox.)

1571.-Printing in the Irish character was first introduced in Ireland by the Rev. Nicholas Walsh, Chancellor of St. Patrick's, in Dublin, and son of the learned and pious Patrick Walsh, who was promoted to the Sees of Waterford and Lismore, by King Edward VI. (Harris's Dublin, p. 371.)

1572. Matthew Sheyn succeeded to the Bishopric of Cork. He was a great enemy to image worship. (Ware's Bishops, v. i. p. 564.)

1573. The Earl of Desmond was committed to the keeping of the Mayor of Dublin, who told the Government that the Earl should be welcome to meat, drink, and lodging, but that he would take no charge of him, and the Earl having license to go abroad, he made his escape; upon this he was proclaimed a traitor, and a large reward offered for him living or dead. (Harris's Dublin, p. 317.)

In this year the famous rebel Gerald Fitzgerald, eleventh Earl of Desmond of this family, having a long time escaped the English in his lurking places, was now discovered by a common soldier in a poor cottage, and there slain; his head was sent to England, and set upon London bridge. This end had this great Lord, who possessed whole countries, and had at least five hundred gentlemen of his own name and race, all of whom, and his own life also, he lost within three years, very few of his family being left alive; and this disaster he fell into, by being traiterous to his Prince, at the instigation of certain Popish priests, of whom the chief was one Nicholas Saunders, an Englishman, who at the same time died miserably of famine; for running mad upon his ill success, he wandered up and down the mountains, finding nothing to sustain him. (Richard Burton's History of Ireland, page 22.)

When this man was sent as a Legate to the unfortunate Desmond, by the Pope, this was the argument he used, The Kings of England were never Kings of Ireland, but only Lords thereof, holding under the Pope. The Irish (said he) never did and never will acknowledge any temporal Sovereign but the Pope. (Columbanus ad Hibernos, No. II. page 252.)

1576.-Richard Brady sat this year, and until the year 1585, Bishop of Kilmore, 'under the Pope's title. This see lying in an unsettled and tumultuous country, in which the

Popish families of O'Reilly, O'Sheridan, and Plunket, were very numerous and powerful, it was so much neglected by the Crown of England, that even after the Reformation, the Bishops succeeded to it either by usurpation or the Papal authority. (Ware's Bishops, v. i. p. 230.)

1577.-Nicholas Walsh, the learned and ingenious Chan cellor of St. Patrick's, was promoted to the See of Ossory. (Ware's Bishops, v. i. p. 418.)

Soon after his promotion, he obtained an order that the Prayers of the Church should be printed in the Irish character and language, and a Church set apart in the shire towns of every Diocese, where they were read, and a Sermon preached to the common people, which proved an instrument of converting many of the Papists of those days. This excellent Prelate (who died afterwards by the hand of an assassin) encouraged his beloved friend, John Kerney, Treasurer of St. Patrick's, to write an Irish Catechism, and it is said to have been the first book ever printed in that character.

On the 14th of December, 1585, one James Dullard, a profligate wretch, whom the Bishop had cited into his Court for adultery, surprised him in his Palace, and stabbed him with a skein, of which he died; the murderer soon afterwards suffered the punishment due to his execrable crime, to which, it is said, he had been instigated by some wicked persons, to prevent the Bishop's proceeding in some law-suits, into which he had entered, for the recovery of the just rights and property of his See. (See Ware's Account of Bishop Walsh.)

1278.-Rory Oge O'More, a Popish Rebel, burned Naas, Carlow, Leighlin-bridge, Ballymore, and many other towns in Leinster.

On the Sunday after St. George's Day, in this year, James Bedlow, a Citizen of Dublin, did penance standing barefooted before the pulpit in Christ Church; and, at the same time, he publicly confessed his faults, which were these:

Viz. He maintained the Pope's supremacy. He alleged that one article of the Ten commandments (the second perhaps) was false; and that the Protestant Preachers, when they were out of their matter, and knew not what to say, began to rail at the Pope. All which particulars were confuted in a learned and eloquent Sermon preached by the Archbishop of Dublin. (Harris's Dublin, p. 318.)

October.-Matthew Sheyn, Bishop of Cork, publicly burned the image of Saint Dominick at the High Cross of that city, to the great grief of the superstitious people of his. Diocese. (W. Harris in Ware's Bishops, v. i. p. 564.)

D

1579.-The noted Jesuits, Allen and Saunders, applied to the King of France for pecuniary assistance to raise a Rebellion in Ireland, but met with a refusal. They then applied to the Pope and the King of Spain, from both of whom thay obtained large sums of money. They landed in Kerry, with the arch-rebel Fitzsimmons, and excited a Rebellion in the Province of Munster; but Fitzsimmons was killed soon after, and the Rebels dispersed. (Robert Ware's Romish Fox.)

1580, January 4.-That zealous and able supporter of the Protestant cause, James Ussher, afterwards successively Bishop of Meath and Lord Primate of Ireland, was born in the Parish of St. Nicholas, in Dublin. (Ware's Bishops, v. i. p. 98.)

When the garrison of Linerwick was summoned to surrender, by Lord Grey in 1580, they answered that they were sent by the Pope to reduce Ireland to the obedience of King Philip, whom the Pope had invested with the Sovereignty of Ireland. (O'Sullivan's Catholic History of Ireland, p. 278.)

April 14.-Robert Parsons and Edmund Campion, two Jesuits, were dispatched from Rome on a journey to England, for the purpose of sowing schisms in the Reformed Church.

The Popish Clergy, who had obstinately opposed the Reformation, had a short time before this fled into Flanders-not from persecution, but to sow sedition, and betray the realm to a foreign power. At the instigation of Allen, the Jesuit, they assembled at Douay, and set up a school.-The Pope gave these fugitives an annual pension for their maintenance, and to encourage them to contrive plots against Queen Elizabeth and the Protestant Religion. After some time they were obliged to leave Flanders, and removed to Scotland, where the Queen of Scots allowed them a pension, and liberty to set up another school, for the education of British and Irish youth in the principles of the Popish Religion. In this school, or seminary, as it was called, Divinity, Politics, Physic, and Handicraft Trades, were taught; but chiefly was the attention of the pupils directed to all possible methods of dividing and distracting the Protestants in principles of Religion, and drawing them from the sound form of worship, established by Queen Elizabeth and her Parliament; and they were obliged, on their entrance to it, to take a solemn oath, "to defend and maintain the Pope's supremacy against all Heretics and pretended Churches, preferring the interest of the Holy Mother Church to their own earthly gain or pleasure." The Clergy, educated at this and similar schools, were called Seminary Priests, and

became afterwards most active instruments in the Popish cause. (Romish Fox, p. 129.)

1581, November 20.-Edmund Campion, and several other Popish Priests, were tried and found guilty of High Treason at Westminster. After the condemnation of Campion, it was proved before the Queen and the Archbishop of York, by Mr. Thomas Loftus, of Yorkshire, that this Jesuit and his associates had seduced many persons from the Church of England, preaching at one time Independency, at another Anabaptism, and the doctrines of a sect called "The Family of Love," after which they were known to celebrate the Popish Mass in several places. (Romish Fox, p. 140.)

No. VI.

Semper eadem."-(Mr. Plowden.)

1581, January 10.-Mr. Thomas Loftus, a Yorkshire gen tleman, renounced the errors of the Romish Religion, and conformed to the Protestant Faith. The reason which he assigned to the Archbishop of York for doing so, was his abhorrence of the traiterous and cruel principles of Popery, and particularly a fraud practised in his neighbourhood by one Moloy, a Scotch or Irish Jesuit, who, with Campion and other Priests, had preached to great numbers of people, as Dissenters from the Established Religion, as well as from the Romish, whilst they regularly celebrated Mass for themselves in private, and plotted against the Government in Church and State. Mr. Loftus was a man of known integrity, and conti nued true to the Reformed Faith during the rest of his life. (Ware's Romish Fox, p. 141.)

January 14.-Queen Elizabeth, on the Archbishop of York' representation of the foregoing and similar transactions, issued ■ Proclamation, recalling all her subjects who had departed from her realm, under pretence of seeking education in foreign seminaries, and prohibiting the harbouring of Jesuits, Seminary Priests, or other sowers of sedition. Notwithstanding this Proclamation, the Popish Friars and Jesuits (encouraged by a division in the Privy Council) flocked into England from all parts, pretending that they came according to her Majesty's most gracious declaration, not consideriug themselves either conspirators or fugitives.

1582.-The amount of the expences of the Court of Rome, in maintaining impostors and incendiaries in the British dominions this year, was 152,000l. 5s. 4d, according to the current coin of England, of which sum 60,000l. was allotted for