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made their appearance; these Memoirs, written by the Cardinal himself or under his eye, and the manuscript of which has numerous corrections in his own hand-writing, are published for the first time. They give a complete picture of the reign of Louis XIII, from 1610 to 1638. Souvenirs Senatoriaux, by Count de Cornet, peer of France, excited, when first advertised, considerable curiosity in many persons who conceived that one of Buonaparte's Senators who remembered all he had witnessed, and would tell all he remembered, must prove not a little entertaining. If they expected any scandal they must be disappointed. The Count has nothing of the kind: one fault he has ; that of being either deficient in memory, or very niggardly of his Souvenirs: he has doubtless seen and heard many more remarkable things than he relates.

Medicine. The foundation of the Hippocratic doctrine, or the treatises of Hippocrates, translated into French, with the text on the opposite page, revised and corrected after the MSS. in the king's library, by the Chevalier De Mercy. The two volumes now published, though the last in the order of their appearance, are in fact the first in the study of the doctrine. This most valuable work now consists of ten volumes. The luminous arrangement of the whole renders the study of the works of the father of medicine far more easy and profitable. A new Medical Review has just commenced, by the title of French and Foreign Medical Review, Classical Journal of the Hotel Dieu and la Charité at Paris. No doubt can be entertained of the success of a journal which the most eminent physicans of the capital have undertaken.

Fine Arts. The first number of the 8vo. edition of Mr. Redouté's splendid work, Les Roses, is published at the very moderate price of 3 f. 50 cents. for four plates with text. Another work, equally splendid in its kind, is the views, plans, sections, and details of the cathedral of Cologne, with restorations according to the original plan, by Sulpice Boissérée (a German architect). This fine work has, we regret to say, two defects, which will prevent its be

coming so useful as it ought to be. It is printed on paper of enormously large dimensions, and will be extremely expensive, far beyond the reach of those who would derive advantage from it. The text, which is handsomely printed in a moderate folio size, is a truly classical work on the kind of architecture falsely attributed to the Goths and Arabs. The author considers the cathedral of Cologne as the type of this order of building, and a perfect model of the style. There will be five numbers, of which one is published. We understand that it cannot be sold in London for less than eighty pounds sterling.

Mr. Costé, an architect, having been invited, in 1818, by the Pacha of Egypt, to superintend several important works, was authorized to measure and to make drawings of all the edifices at Cairo and Alexandria that he might think fit to study, in order to execute his works according to the style of the country. gave him an opportunity, during his five years' residence, to make those researches which he is now going to publish, under the title of Arabic Architecture, in twelve numbers, each containing six or seven plates.

This

Education, &c.-Madame Campan's treatise on education, two vols. 8vo. is well worthy of perusal by all mothers who have the real interest of their daughters at heart. It is followed by a theatre for young persons, which, whatever may be the merit of some pieces, certainly does not deserve the honour which injudicious friendship or party spirit would fain bestow on it, of being superior to that of Madame de Genlis.

Novels.-Alonzo, or Spain, is the title of a work in four vols. 8vo. the object of which is to give a thorough insight into the customs, manners, &c. of Spain, the distinctive characters of the several provinces, and of the different classes of society. To effect this, the author, after visiting every part of the peninsula, has united his observations in this work, which he has composed in the form of a kind of drama, in which all the memorable event of this last twenty years, and the chief actors in them, are brought under review.

GERMANY.

View of Public Affairs.

Architecture. The church of St. Elisabeth, at Marburg, published by George Moller, with eighteen plates and descriptive text, fol. and the cathedral at Meissen, by Schwechten, number 1, folio. The first of these works is complete; of the second, two more numbers are expected. These two churches, no good drawings of which have hitherto been published, are well worthy the study of the architect and the antiquarian, as both show the transition from the more ancient to the more modern style of religious architecture in Germany. The church of St. Elisabeth was founded by Conrad Landgrave of Hesse, in 1235, and finished in 1285, except some additions that continued to be made to it, till 1314. The cathedral of Meissen was originally founded by the Emperor Otho I. but the present building is not of his age, and we find from history that Bishop Wittigo I. had it rebuilt-1274. Another fine work is now in a fair way of being completed, after having been suspended for several years, we mean Tischbein's Homer, after the antique. The Universal Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences, by Ersch and Gruber, proceeds in its regular steady course. 11th part is published, and the 12th The may be shortly expected. We have not before had occasion to speak of this great undertaking, which for real and solid information is expected to be equal, if not superior to any similar production of other countries. Some idea of the extent of it may be formed when we say that this 11th part of 420 pages, 4to. is occupied with the articles Bleiberg to Bolingbroke. It is estimated to extend to 30 volumes, or 60 parts. Each article is signed by the author; and all

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It is

number of 400, are engaged in it. the best writers in Germany, to the Among them are Kurt Sprengel for Botany; Jacobs and Ottfried Muller for Philology and Classical Antiquity; the librarians Ebert, Wachter, and W. Muller for Bibliography; Joseph Von Hammer, Gesenius Hartmann for the East, and a long etcetera of the most distinguished names. not to be expected that such a work can be published with rapidity, but we think that there is but little if any reason to complain that it pro ceeds too slowly. One fault we have to find is, that the copper-plates are not so numerous as might be wished, and that there is in particular a great deficiency of maps. Thus an excellent article, Bohemia, in this part, well deserved a map; the same may be said of the most learned article in this part, O. Miller's Beotia, which contains every thing relative to Greek tradition and archæology, down to the very latest discoveries and inscriptions. Some articles are evidently of the work. too short, in proportion to the extent

lished a second edition of the Letters Italy.-M. Angelo Mai has pubof Cornelius Fronto, and Marcus Aurelius, with the addition of above scriptus in the Vatican Library. Ori100 letters, taken from a Codex regin of the Venetian Fêtes, (Italian and French) by Giust. Remer Michel, 3 vols. 8vo. A Dictionary of Natural History and Chemistry, applied to the Arts, by G. Pozzi, 3 vols. 8vo. An Analytical Examination of the Faculty of Thinking, and of the Pherium, and Mania, by G. M. Scaranomena of Memory, Dreams, Delimuzza, 8vo. We regret that we are at present unable to give more than the titles of these works.

VIEW OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS.

For the first time for many months, we are enabled to postpone the affairs of Spain, as having become matters of minor consideration, and we are not sorry for it; the patriotic disinterestedness of some, the generous daring of others, rendered

vain and useless as they were by
January 26, 1824.
mercenary baseness and successful
nation to dwell
treachery, leave us but little incli-
longer than our duty absolutely com-
pels us. The contest, however, we
upon such scenes
deem far from over; the present calm

is obviously prelušive of a storm, and when that storm arises, though it may be impossible to foresee who will ride on it, and direct it, still we have little doubt it will tear up the edifice which priestcraft would cement with the blood of the people, and overwhelm both the architects and the tenants in its ruins. We are not sorry to obey the call which the new world makes on our attention, and we hope our readers will find, in the details of its rising prosperity, the same repose which they have afforded us after contemplating so long the crimes and follies of the old. Our last summary was scarcely closed when the files of the American papers brought us an account of the opening of the first session of their eighteenth congress, together with the important message of their President, Mr. Monroe. The writer, in its very outset, declares his conviction, that "there never was a period, since the establishment of their revolution, when, regarding the condition of the civilized world, and its bearing on them, there was greater necessity for devotion in the public servants to their respective duties, or for virtue, patriotism, and union in their constitution." Considering the character of Mr. Monroe, this is a peculiarly important announcement. He is not naturally an alarmist, nor is he ambitious of the fame of a fine writerwhat he feels he says; and, were we not confirmed in our opinion by subsequent passages in this message, were we to pause even here, we should not scruple to affirm that, at least in his opinion, the Holy Alliance had further aims than the extirpation of liberal sentiments in mere monarchies. It is quite plain that Mr. Monroe sees, or fancies he sees, its vast shadow stretching across the Atlantic; and we can little wonder that late events in Europe should give him a distaste to any visit from the substance. Indeed the very next sentence in this document proves clearly enough what little cordiality would be likely to arise from such a visitation. We beseech our readers just to fancy Mr. Pozzo de Borgo reciting it aloud to his imperial master in the Russian dialect. "The people being with us exclusively the sovereign, it is indispensable that full

information be laid before them on all important subjects, to enable them to exercise that high power with complete effect. To the people, every department of the government, and every individual in each are responsible; and the more full their information, the better they can judge of the wisdom of the policy pursued, and of the conduct of each in regard to it." The message then proceeds to state that, though the discussions with Great Britain, respecting the boundary line, have not yet terminated, still that a new and comprehensive negociation has been opened, by which they will be terminated, and their mutual commercial rights settled and established. A similar arrangement is in progress with France, with respect to the claim of the Republic upon that country for unjustifiable seizures and aggressions; and the question with Russia respecting the north west coast of America is also in the course of an amicable arrangement. The two next topics touched upon are such as to reflect everlasting credit upon Mr. Monroe, and to secure him the applause of every friend of humanity, no matter in what hemisphere, or under what form of government he may reside. The first is a proposal which, if acted on, would, we have no doubt, exterminate the odious traffic which has called it forth, and which now comes with double grace from the country which first set the example of this great political amelioration. "In compliance," says the document, "with a resolution of the House of Representatives, adopted at their last session, instructions have been given to all the ministers of the United States, accredited to the powers of Europe and America, to propose the proscription of the African slave trade, by classing it under the denomination, and inflicting on its perpetrators the punishment, of piracy. Should this proposal be acceded to, it is not doubted that this odious and criminal practice will be promptly and entirely suppressed." As England has not had the good-fortune to originate this proposition, we have only to hope that she will not lose the secondary glory of being the foremost in adopting it. The next proposition is founded on a principle, it

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View of Public Affairs.

seems, laid down by France in the war with Spain, of which we certainly were not before aware; namely, a determination to grant no commissions to privateers. In consequence of this concurrence with principles long maintained by the United States, "it has been deemed a favourable moment to propose to France, Russia, and Great Britain, to make this rule invariable." And "when the friends of humanity reflect on the essential amelioration to the condition of the human race, which would result from the abolition of private war on the sea, and on the great facility with which it might be accomplished, requiring only the consent of a few sovereigns, an earnest hope is indulged that these overtures will meet with an attention animated by the spirit in which they were made, and that they will ultimately be successful." We hope so too, and we are perfectly ready to join with that hope a tribute to the disinterestedness of the power with which the proposal has originated, promising, as it does, to be come of eminent maritime superiority. The message then details, at great length, the state of their internal affairs, the army, the fortifications, the militia, and the navy, whose conduct in the West Indies, in the suppression of piracy, is particularly eulogized; all these statements are considered as very satisfactory. finances of the country are next estiThe mated, and the calculation was that, on the 1st day of the year 1824, there would be found in the treasury a surplus of 9,000,000 dollars. the public debt, the president's deAs to clared conviction is that, should the United States continue at peace, the operation of the ordinary sinking fund will make the only debt remaining in the year 1835, seven millions (dollars) of five per cent. stock, and thirteen of three per cent. stock. Much pleasure is expressed at the apparent progress of the Greeks, "whose cause and name" have excluded enemies, although they have not succeeded in procuring allies. By far the most important and interesting part of this philosophical state paper is what follows with regard to the newly-organized republics of South America, to which, as we noticed in

[Feb.

our last, the United States had previously sent ambassadors, an interchange of which we find has since the difference of system which exists taken place. After briefly noticing with regard to the policy of the United States, and that of the Holy Alliance, Mr. Monroe says explicitly, and to the amicable relations existing "We owe it, therefore, to candour, between the United States and these powers, to declare that we should consider any attempt upon their part of this hemisphere, as dangerous to to extend their system to any portion isting colonies or dependencies of any our peace and safety. With the exEuropean power, we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But, with the governments who have de clared their independence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly spirit towards the United States." This language is clear, manly, and decided; but, lest any misunderstanding should, by possibility, exist on this most interesting subject, the President again reverts to it in the following terms :"Our policy, in regard to Europe, the wars which have so long agitated which was adopted at an early age of that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same; which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns government de facto as the legitimate of any of its powers; to consider the government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy; meeting, in all instances, the just claims of every power-submitting to injuries from tinents, circumstances are eminently none. But, in regard to those conand conspicuously different. impossible that the allied powers It is to any portion of either continent should extend their political system without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can any one believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible,

therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any form, with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain, and those new governments, and their distance from each other, it must he obvious that she never can subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in the hope that other powers will pursue the same course." This is not to be misunderstood; it amounts to neither more nor less than a distinct declaration of war against any European power which may interfere to assist Spain in the re-conquest of her revolted colonies; and it is obvious enough that, considering the distance of any European Belligerent from the seat of warfare, the necessity for importing thither large military reinforcements, the comparative proximity of the United States, and her rapidly increasing naval preponderance, the menace is not likely to be made in vain. Great Britain, with her fleet, is the only state whose co-operation could induce even a chance of success, and this co-operation, if rumour speaks truly, is not at all likely to be afforded. The British government is said to have declared that though it will not interfere with any attempt on the part of Spain herself to recover her South American possessions, still that it will not recognize the transfer of her mere nominal sovereignty to any other power for that purpose. As to Spain's attempting their subjugation in her present state, it is utterly ridiculous-wasted as she is with internal dissension, without money, credit, or confidence, trusting for the preservation of her own local tranquillity to a foreign army, she cannot, mid all her follies, dream of a chimera so wild as the successful invasion of South America. It would be almost as easy for her to reproduce Columbus and discover another continent. Almost immediately after the delivery of the message, we find by intelligence from Washington, that the committee on foreign affairs were summoned by the chairman, Mr. Forsyth, to meet on the adjournment of the house. On this subject the Association of New York remarks-"We have little doubt from information obtained from other sources, that the extraordinary call of the committee

is in consequence of a formal proposition having been made by the British government to our government, to unite in the defence of the South American States, against any efforts of Spain with the sovereigns called the Holy Alliance." If this be true, as there seems every probability that it is, the battle is but begun, and those powers who have thought proper to dictate a form of internal despotism to an unoffending state may yet meet a terrible re-action. One thing certain is, that the message has excited the utmost enthusiasm throughout the United States, and has produced such a sensation, that the re-election of Mr. Monroe to the Presidency for a further term of four years is talked of. The democratic papers say, that this document deserves to be placed by the side of their immortal declaration of independence. On the opening of the Congress, the Columbian ministers were invited to a grand dinner given by the President; they were dressed in plain suits of black, and their simple habiliments formed a striking contrast with the splendid decorations of the European ambassadors, which were ostentatiously displayed on the occasion. While on the subject of America we must not cmit to mention, that a very generous spirit seems to have been roused throughout the republic in favour of the Greeks. Assemblies were holding in every state, subscriptions were rapidly pouring in, the theatres were giving benefits, and the colleges collecting contributions in their support; the students at Yale College in Connecticut subscribed 500 dollars. This is as it should be-while the hoary dotards of the old world are conspiring to put down liberty, it is delightful to observe that the young spirits of the new world are confederating, as it were, in vindication of human nature, thus odiously degraded. We have given more room than usual to this interesting document, and we have done so for two reasons; first, because the intelligence from every European state is meagre in the extreme; and next, and chiefly, because we consider its publication of paramount importance, as likely in short to produce a new era in the political alliance of Great Britain and America. We fervently hope it may, and

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