Contraction and
The anoma-
Slow progress of
Iceland, 322. Petrifying springs, ib.
expansion of gases, liquids, and solids,
lous expansion of water by cold, 324.
the congelation of water during Winter, 325. Beneficial
effects of this phenomenon, 326. Very deep lakes resist
congelation, 327. Sea water does not freeze at the same
degree as fresh water, 328. Experiment regarding the
superficial formation of ice, 329. Ice lighter than water,
and though solid floats upon its surface, 334. Meaning of
the term specific gravity, ib. Methods of ascertaining the
specific gravity of pure and salt water, 335. The construc-
tion of the hydrometer, 338. Experimental illustrations
of the specific gravities of liquids, 341. Methods of ascer-
taining the specific gravity of solids, 345. The freezing
point of water is immutable, 346. The graduation of the
Thermometer, 347. The principle upon which the Baro-
meter is constructed, 348. The examination of the freezing
of water continued, 350. Powerful expansion of water
during its transition into ice, ib. Experimental illustration
of this curious and important fact, 351. Beneficial effects
that result throughout nature from the expansive force of
water in freezing, 352. Rupture of water-pipes and bottles
by frost, 354. Burning lens formed of a block of transpa-
rent ice, 356. The antiseptic power of ice, 357. The
preservation of provisions in ice, 358. The collection of
ice in the vicinity of London, 359. The construction of
an ice-house or ice-well, 362. The sheet of ice upon a
pond frequently causes the fishes to perish by preventing
the escape of the results of their respiration, 363. Won-
derful provision made in Nature for the preservation of the
life of fishes during Winter, 364. The "frost-smoke," ib.