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APPENDIX,

CONTAINING

The Names of the Discoverers, Historians, and Narrators of the principal Facts which are embodied in this Work.

AGRICOLA first described Bismuth.

ALISON records the hurricane produced during the conflagration of Moscow.

ALLEN and PEPYS ascertained the quantity of carbonic acid that is exhaled by a healthy adult in twenty-four hours; they also made important experiments regarding Priestley's discovery of the renovation of vitiated air by growing plants.

APPLEGATH and COWPER applied the steam-engine to the printing-machine.

ARCHIMEDES is supposed to have discovered what is now termed the "specific gravity of gold.”

BACON, LORD, must be considered as the founder of "Inductive Philosophy," real knowledge being in his view

Y

"not a couch whereupon to rest a searching and restless spirit; or a terrace for a wandering and variable mind to walk up and down with a fair prospect; or a tower of state for a proud mind to raise itself upon; or a fort, or commanding ground for strife and contention; or a shop for profit and sale, but a rich store-house for the glory of The Creator and the relief of man's estate."

BALARD discovered Bromine.

BALDWIN made several experiments upon phosphorescent substances.

BANKS, Sir J. remarked the fact of the sun-burn on the back of a silver-fish, when exposed to sunshine after the felling of the trees around the pond.

BASIL VALENTINE discovered the metal Antimony.

BERARD accurately examined the changes sustained by the atmosphere during the ripening and decay of fruits. BERGMAN introduced methods of analysing Waters. BERTHOLLET proposed chlorine as a bleaching agent. BERZELIUS discovered Selenium. First obtained pure Silicium. Discovered Thorium. Discovered Zirconium. BERZELIUS and HISINGER discovered the metal

Cerium.

BLACK, DR. discovered the composition of Chalk, First proved that the thermometer affords no correct insight into the absolute quantity of heat necessary to produce a given temperature; or in other words, that bodies have different capacities for heat. Discovered the amount of heat that becomes latent during the thawing of ice and the liquifaction of other substances. Discovered the latent heat of steam.

BOYLE, HON. ROBERT, corroborated Van Helmont's original experiment with the willow tree. Improved

the air-pump, and rendered it an available apparatus for philosophical research. Made the first accurate researches concerning the exhaustion and condensation of air. Records the fact of aroma being retained by the air with persistent force, and travelling with it many miles out to sea. Introduced the form of the air thermometer, as shown at page 318. "Turned his mind with much earnestness to the construction of a scale for thermometers, and seems to have had it in contemplation to set out with the temperature at which water begins to freeze;" but he did not prosecute this inquiry, fearing that many objections would be raised against its practice.

BRADLEY and ROEMER discovered the motion of light to be progressive, and that it is about eight minutes and thirteen seconds in passing from the sun to the earth.

BRANDE made numerous and highly important experiments regarding the chemistry of organic bodies. Discovered the presence of Nitrogen in the Alkaloids or active principles of Barks, Opium, &c. Made the first accurate experiments upon a large scale, regarding the destructive distillation of coal, its produce, the purification of the gas, and its illuminating power.

BRANDT discovered Cobalt. Discovered Phosphorus. First pointed out the characters of Arsenicum.

BRAUN discovered that mercury might be frozen by artificial cold.

CALLIMACHUS first observed the beauty of the acanthus diverted from its original position of growth; and invented the Corinthian capital.

CANTON made many experiments upon phosphorescent light.

CAVENDISH, HON. H., demonstrated the composition of

nitric acid; and its formation by the passage of electricity through confined air. Discovered the composition of salt-petre or nitrate of potash. First examined the nature of Hydrogen. Discovered the composition of Water.

CELSIUS introduced 0 and 100 degrees to denote the freezing and boiling point of water; this is the most philosophical scale, and commonly employed on the continent. CHAPTAL probably originally proposed the employment of chlorine as a bleaching agent in the arts.

CHRISTISON investigated the action of poisons upon plants.

CLAYTON discovered that inflammable gas might be obtained by the distillation of coals.

COURTOIS discovered Iodine.

CRAWFORD made numerous experiments upon the сараcity of bodies for heat.

CRONSTEDT discovered Nickel.

CROUNE was probably the first to discover that Water expanded when cooled to a certain degree; but the Florentine academicians accurately examined the phenomenon.

CULLEN discovered that cold was produced by the evaporation of ether and alcohol at common temperatures. DALTON investigated many of the phenomena concerning the evaporation of water.

DANIELL ascertained the rate of the evaporation of water, during different states of the atmosphere. Invented the only accurate hygrometer, for ascertaining the actual amount of watery vapour present in the atmosphere. Brought the barometer to its present state of perfection and excellence.

DARCET discovered that diamonds might be burned;

Lavoisier corroborated the experiment, and ascertained that carbonic was produced, as from the combustion of charcoal.

DAVY, SIR H., discovered Barium, Boron, Calcium, Lithium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Strontium. The composition of Common-salt, and that Lime, Sand, Clay, Magnesia, Potash, Soda, were oxides of metals. Suggested the existence of Fluorine. Demonstrated the nature of Chlorine. First devised methods of analysing soils. Discovered that some soils heat and cool more readily than others. Pointed out the doctrine of the proper application of manures. Ascertained the composition of the gas emitted from the mud of stagnant waters. Discovered silica as the coating or clothing of grasses, and melted a wheat-straw into a globule of glass, by intense heat. Explained the philosophy of the old proverb regarding the morning and evening rainbow. Discovered the existence of water in crystals and pebbles of silica. Investigated the nature of flame, the combustion of "fire-damp," and crowned his masterly researches by the discovery of the Miners' Safety Lamp. DELHUYART discovered Tungstenum.

DESCOTILS and TENNANT simultaneously discovered Iridium.

DREBBEL and SANTORIO divide between them the honour of the discovery of the thermometer.

FAHRENHEIT discovered that upon mixing ice and salt, an intense degree of cold is produced. Introduced 32 and 212 degrees to denote the freezing and boiling point of water; and this scale is universally adopted in England. FARADAY corroborated the fact discovered by Caven