a

they took the oaths, at least, with a doubting and fcrupulous conscience. For they did not take them freely, but haggled, and kept off, fome to the last day, roaring against them all the while; and then coming about, all at once, with new-coined diftinctions and declarations, point-blánk contrary to the declared fenfe of the impofers; they differed among themfelves; every one had a falvo for his own conscience; some pretended they kept paffive obedience still, others that they were never for it. It was a fevere jeft that the common people had got up against the clergy, that there was but one thing formerly that the parliament could not do, that is, to make a man a woman; but that then, there was another, that is, to make an oath the clergy would not take."

CHA P.

State of the Proteftants, &c. p. 149. 2 Lesley, ubi fupra.

3 Id. ib.

The Irish Roman catholics, "made no fcruple to take the oath of allegiance to King William and Queen Mary, which was agreed to in the articles of Limerick; and it was generally taken by them all over the kingdom, by the direction of their clergy." Lefley's Anfw. p. 125. "The English Roman catholics, in their chapels at London, prayed publicly at the fame time, for King William and Queen Mary." Lefley, ib. p. 126.

In the Commons Journal, ann. 1695, I find the following paffage: "Mr. Weaver farther reported, that it is the opinion of this committee, that to an act in England of the 31st of Charles II. an act for the better fecuring the liberty of the fubject, there fhall be added the following provifo, viz. provided that no perfon or perfons fhall have the benefit of this act, unlefs he or they take the oaths, and subscribe the declaration made in England for this kingdom, intitled an act for abrogating the oath of fupremacy in Ireland, and appointing other oaths, &c. The queftion being put that this houfe do agree with the committee in this refolution, it paffed in the negative." Vol, ii. f. 668.

CHA P. XVIII.

The good faith of king William's and king James's officers compared.

DR. King was not ashamed to affirm," that among

2

all the articles into which K. James's officers entered, they never kept any to the proteftants." Yet thefe proteftants themselves "fpoke, at the fame time, with commendation and honour, of Sarsfield's punctual obfervation of his articles, when he took Sligo, to omit other inftances." General Ginckle owned to Major General Dorington, in the prefence of the Prince of Wirtemberg, Monfieur Marquis de la Forest, and feveral other general officers, the good ufage their prifoners had received at Limerick, and other Irish garrifons; and most of the proteftants that belonged to the north of Ireland, did then confefs, that the Irish, while among them in the fummer of 1689, kept their protections better to the proteftants, than the proteftant kept theirs to them. Even fome of the moft zealous ticklers for king William's government, have complained much, that the articles entered into with the Irish at Carrickfergus, by Marfhal Schomberg, were not were not punctually obferved. obferved. For when that

VOL. II.

punctually

general

State of the Proteft. &c. p. 149. 3 2 Lesley ubi fupra. 3 Id. ib. a "Schomberg," fays Macpherfon, "invefted Carrickfergus ; he fummoned the garrifon in vain; he opened four batteries against the place; he attacked it with the guns of the fleet; one thousand bombs were thrown into the town; the houses were laid in afhes. The garrifon, having expended their powder to the last barrel, marched out, on the ninth day, with all the honours of war. But the foldiers broke the capitulation; they difarmed and ftripped the inhabitants, without any regard to fex or quality; even women ftark naked were whipt publicly between the lines." Hift. of Gt. Brit. vol. i. p. 570.

The Journal of the moft remarkable Tranfactions in this War, publifhed at that juncture of time, thus relates this breach of articles at Carrickfergus, with refpect to the inhabitants: "The Irifh in that town, when reduced to one barrel

of

general first landed, he iffued proclamations of protection and encouragement to the Irifh, who would return to their habitations, and follow their labour; which many accepted, and a great part of the country was thereby planted, fome places in as full a manner as before the revolution; but notwithstanding these protections, the proteftant army fell upon them, and wafted their whole country; and when the Irish held out their protections, they tore them, and bid them wipe their a--e with them, and none were punished for this breach of protections."

4

Notwithstanding General Ginckle's proclamation, printed at Dublin, February 4th, 1690, wherein he affured the papifts in their majesties names," that all of them, who would submit to their majefties government, fhould be protected as to their religion, estates, and liberties; yet that did not hinder the multitude of out-lawries, and other forfeitures and proceedings against thofe papifts, who fubmitted to the govern

b

4 Lesley's Anfw.

ment

of powder only, made foldier-like terms; marching out with their arms, colours flying, ball in mouth, and other usual ceremonies in war; to be attended by a convoy, until they were within three miles of the Newry. Yet the articles, though figned by Schomberg himself, were nevertheless barbaroufly violated by the foldiers; who, without regard to age, or fex, or quality, difarmed and ftripped the town's people, forcing even women to run the gauntlet stark naked.”

"By the report laid before the English house of commons, by Mr. AnneЛley, in 1700, it appeared that three thoufand nine hundred and twenty-one perfons had been out-lawed by king William fince the 13th of February, 1689 [the report made by the commiflioners fays, 13th February, 1688]; that all the lands belonging to forfeited perfons, amounted to more than one million and fixty thousand acres; that the most confiderable grants were made to perfons born in foreign coun tries, to Kepple, to Bentick, to Ginckle, and to Rouvigny: who had been all dignified with peerages, in one or other of the two kingdoms. That befides, a grant had paffed the great feal to Elizabeth Villiers, now Countefs of Orkney, a woman peculiarly favoured by William, of all the private eftates of the late king James, containing ninety-five thoufand acres, worth twenty-five thousand nine hundred and ninty-five pounds a

year:

ment on that affurance. As to their religion," adds Mr. Lesley, they did not complain, for king William was very gracious to them in that refpect; but as to their perfons, eftates and liberties, they cried out heavily of breach of public faith, and great oppreffion."

Mr. Lefley had before attempted to prove that these forfeiting Irish were not guilty of rebellion," how could they," fays he, "who adhered to king James, be made rebels to king William, before they had submitted to him? If you fay he had a title to Ireland, by being king of England, because Ireland is an appendix to the crown of England; I anfwer, from the beginning it was not fo; and the government of England being diffolved, as Dr. King fays, by abdication, 0.2

5 Id. ib.

and

year: And that, upon the whole, the value of Irish forfeitures amounted to three millions, three hundred and nineteen thoufand, nine hundred and forty-three pounds." Macphers. Hist. of Gt. Brit. vol. ii. p. 161-2.

There were not three thousand proteftants named in the act of attainder, paffed by king James in Ireland, 1689; and they were all quickly restored by king William: whereas the Roman catholics attainted by king William, loft all for ever, notwithstanding they were to be reinftated by the articles of Limerick. See King's State of the Proteft. p. 133.

The above 1,060,792 acres, were worth per ann. 2,11,6231. 6s. 3d. total value 2,685,130l. 5s. 9d. (befides the several denominations in the faid counties, to which no number of acres can be added, by reafon of the imperfection of the surveys); "which we humbly reprefent to your honours, as the grofs value of the lands forfeited in Ireland, fince February 13th, 1688." Rep. Commiflioners ubi fupra.

с

"The impatience of William's English adherents only ferved to confirm the Irish in their averfion to the new government. And by a fhameful difregard, and almost perpetual violation of his protections, granted to the peafantry, they forced this order alfo to croud to their old leaders, and to take arms for their fecurity." Lel. Hift. of Irel. vol. iii. p. 574.

The Irifh" faw their religion on the point of being utterly extinguished, and their remains of property ready to be feized by ftrangers; no fecurity in fubmiffion, no reliances on any promises of pardon." Lel. ubi fupra, p. 576. At Chapel-Izod, "William was employed in receiving petitions and redressing grievances, arifing from the perpetual violations of his protections." Id. ib.

and returned back to the fuppofed original contract, or firft right of mankind, to erect government for their own convenience, of confequence the tye which England had upon Ireland was diffolved, and Ireland left, as well as England, in its fuppofed original freedom, to choose what government and governors they pleased; befides all this, Dr. King's principles freed them from king William; becaufe of the prefumptions they had to think, that king intended to invade their property, lives, and religion.'

6

"The defertion (fays Mr. Macpherson on this occafion) upon which the deprivation of James has been founded in England, had not existed in Ireland. The lord lieutenant had retained his allegiance. The government was uniformly continued under the name of the prince, from whom the fervants of the crown had derived their commiffions. James himself had, for more than seventeen months, exercised the royal function in Ireland; he was certainly de facto, if not de jure, king. The rebellion of the Irifh muft therefore be founded on the fuppofition, that their allegiance is transferable by the parliament of England. A fpeculative opinion can fcarce juftify the punishment of a great majority of the people. The Irish ought to have been confidered as enemies, rather than rebels."

"The kingdom of Ireland," fays the fame author' (Macpherfon)," ever fince its reduction in 1691, ex. hibited one continued fcene of oppreffion, injuftice, and public mifery. The government of James, with all its difadvantages, his own bigotry, the infolence of the papifts, combined with the fears of the protestants, were all more tolerable than the adminiftration of William, ever fince the furrender of Limerick. Coningsby and Porter," the lords juftices, rendered themfelves

"Hift. Gr. Brit. vol. i. p. 622. 7 Id. vol. ii. p. 26.

An order of the lords juftices Porter and Coningsby, to Samuel Booth, Efq; high fheriff of the county of Kilkenny, dated 19th November, 1691, fets forth," that they were extremely furprized at the fréquent complaints they received from all parts of the kingdom, notwithstanding their proclamation to the contrary, of the ill treatment of the Irish, who were in

arms