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cannot get too much history in college and out of it."

William Maxwell, vice president of the Edison Company of New York, a practical and successful business man, says: "If I went to college, I should not take my college course too seriously. The outside world is lying in wait with a club for the college man who wants it to be understood that he learned something there. In college I should want to be moderately popular, but not a hero. I should rather be business manager of the football team than the halfback who scored the winning touchdown against Yale. It's a bad thing for a kid to get to thinking he is a man. The college athlete gets a lot of unfortunate newspaper notoriety and is liable to have his head badly turned by it, which makes it just so much harder for him to pull himself together when he is thrown in his tracks the very first time he tries to run with the ball in the real game of life."

Listen to what Charles M. Schwab has to say: "While I have no sympathy with this occasional prejudice against college men, yet I have found frequently that the very fact of having been denied a higher school education works in favor of the common-school boy. He has to labor after hours for his education. Nights and holidays he has hammered at the forge of ambition.

"Success is built on such habits.

"College men are likely to feel that their evenings are meant for music, society, and the theater, rather than for study that will add to their business knowledge."

A merchant doing a business of sufficient magnitude to have branches all through the United States, and in nearly all the important cities in Europe, who is himself a college graduate and incidentally a former varsity football player, recently said to the writer, "College doesn't teach men a single thing that I can use!"

There are many graduate schools of business. The purpose of these schools is to furnish to the beginner the general plan of business facts and theories which he often finds it hard to get in his early experiences. Most of the teaching is done by the study of actual cases which are analyzed and dissected by students. This system is used almost entirely nowadays in the teaching of law. Teaching under the "case system" is very like a business conference in which the leader is endeavoring, through discussion with his associates, to arrive at a sound conclusion.

The claim of these schools is that they can shoot ten times as many situations into the student during the two years in which he is with them, as he would normally learn by observation during his first ten years in business. However, in order to go through these schools requires about six

years in all of going to college; and furthermore their claim is open to argument.

There are many such business courses, and it is an open question as to whether they are worth the time they require, the specific situation and preliminary training of the candidate being taken into consideration.

To sum up: A college education is required for nearly all the professions. Otherwise, there are a great many points to consider as to whether or not it is advisable to go to college. It is a very large question.

It can, however, be confidently asserted that in either case the purpose in going to college should be serious and not frivolous. To go for athletic or social distinction, or in order to postpone getting to work, is unwise and quite unwarrantable.

The real purpose in going to college should be a serious wish to acquire knowledge for which a genuine need is felt.

RECOMMENDED READING

MORAN, SELBY A., Over 100 Ways to Work One's Way Through College (University Press, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1906).

PUPIN, MICHAEL, From Immigrant to Inventor (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1924).

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CHAPTER IV

MANUFACTURING

MAN who has achieved notable success in

both manufacturing and banking once told the writer that, if he had his life to live over again, he would choose manufacturing. He said that he had made as much money as he could use in both businesses, but that the satisfaction in manufacturing was far greater than in banking.

When the day's work is done, a manufacturer can point out of his window and say: "There in those cars beside the plant is what I have produced, what I have created to-day! That is the result of my work!" When a banker gets through his day's work, it is sometimes hard to decide whether he has really accomplished anything at all.

Ex-Governor Rollins of New Hampshire, who was successful as a banker as well as in the field of politics, says, "I believe on the whole that the opportunities for young men to start in manufacturing and make a success are greater to-day than ever before. The American market alone is so

big that if a man can turn out a single article that is slightly better than the others, the rewards are sure to be tremendous." There is, furthermore, at the time of this writing, the possibility of capturing some of the foreign markets when they are in a position to resume buying (and paying) in Europe and in South America.

If a man is going into the manufacturing business, he needs a good general education and will be helped by technical courses along the lines of his future work. It is, however, essential that the young man start at the very bottom of the business and work in overalls with the men in the plant so that he may get a comprehensive grasp of the details and correlation of all the processes of manufacture. It is, unfortunately, a fact that college life handicaps quite a few shortsighted youngsters for this career. They have acquired luxurious habits in college and a craving for social gayeties which makes them dissatisfied with life in a mill town and the hard apprenticeship that is in store for them. And they lack the tenacity of purpose to go through with it. Soiled hands for college graduates are sometimes a sore trial; they feel that the evenings should be given over to amusing themselves, and after a year or so they are looking for a white-collar job in a big city.

In order to become a successful manufacturer, a

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