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HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY FROM THE HBRARY OF PROF. GE GE F. SWAIN OCT. 20, 1933
The Author of this Work reserves the right of authorising a Translation of it.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
CHAPTER VII.
Page
1
2
3
ib.
4
5789
SPAIN AND ITALY FROM THE PEACE OF 1814 TO THE REVOLUTION OF 1820.
1. Analogy of the early history of Spain and England,
2. The colonies were not a source of weakness to Spain,
3. Colonies are always a benefit to the parent state,
4. Support which colonies afford to the mother country,.
5. What the colonial policy of the parent state should be,
6. Inevitable loss to the parent state from the separation of the colonies,
7. Tyrannical rule of old Spain over her colonies,
8. The trade of Spain was all with foreign manufacturers,
9. Want of industry in the national character,
10. The physical circumstances of Spain favoured commerce, but not manufac-
14. Difference of the towns and country in respect of political opinion,
14
19. Huge gap in the revenue from the loss of the South American colonies,
20. Constitution of 1812: how it was formed,
20
21
21. Its extreme democratic tendency,
22. Utter unsuitableness of the constitution to the generality of Spain,
23. Universal unpopularity of the Cortes and constitution,
24. Influence of the Cortes on South America,
25. Situation of Portugal: effect of the removal of the seat of government to
Rio Janeiro,
28. Ferdinand's arrival in Spain, and treatment by the Cortes,
29. Universal unpopularity of the Cortes,
30. Decree of Valencia,
VOL. II.
31. King's declaration in favour of freedom, and promise to convoke a legal
Cortes,
32
32. Universal transports in Spain at this decree, and the king's return to
Madrid,
33
33. Reflections on this event, and the obvious courses which lay open to the
king,
34
the king,
49. Treaty for the limitation of the slave-trade,
52. Death of Queen Maria Isabella of Spain,
54. Fresh revolt at Valencia, which is suppressed,
55. Causes of the revolt in the Isle of Leon,
34. Ferdinand's despotic measures. Re-establishment of the Inquisition,
35. Discontent in various quarters,
36. Revolt of Mina in Navarre,
37. Fresh arbitrary decree of Ferdinand,
38. Further violent proceedings of the king, and Porlier's revolt,.
40. Invasion of France, and retreat of the Spaniards. Fresh tyrannical acts of
41. Change of ministers, and policy at Madrid,
42. Restoration of the Jesuits, and other despotic measures,
43. Double marriages of the royal families of Spain and Portugal,
44. Creation of the kingdom of Brazil,
45. Insurrection in Valencia,
46. Abortive conspiracy in Barcelona, and death of General Lacy,
47. Papal bull regarding the contribution by the Spanish church,
48. Treaty regarding the Queen of Etruria,
50. Miserable state of Spain: its army and navy,
51. Extreme penury of the finances of Spain. Decree, April 3, 1818,
53. Disastrous fate of the first expedition to Lima,
48
49
50
51
52
58. The conspiracy is at first arrested by d'Abisbal,
56. Efforts of the Cadiz Liberals to promote it,
57. Insurrection at Cadiz,
59. D'Abisbal is deprived of the command of the expedition,
60. Additional measures of severity on the part of the Government,
61. Yellow fever at Cadiz,
53
54
55
56
57
65. Vigorous measures adopted against the insurgents,
66. Capture of the arsenal, and expedition of Riego into the interior,
67. Its defeat and failure,
70. Revolution at Madrid: the king accepts the constitution,
72. Rapid advances of the revolution,
73. Reception of the revolution at Barcelona, Valencia, and Cadiz,
75. New ministry at Madrid,
76. First measures of the new government,
77. Establishment of clubs in Madrid, and other revolutionary measures,
65
67
68
69
70
71
81. Murder of one of the body-guard, and reward of the murderers,
82. Opening of the Cortes, .
83. Report on the state of the army,
84. Majority of the Cortes: its leaders,
85. Suppression of the Jesuits, and measures regarding entails,
96. Which is followed by a revolution at Lisbon,
97. Establishment of a joint regency at Lisbon,
98. Return of Marshal Beresford, who is forced to go to England,
100. Reaction, and adoption of more moderate measures,
99. Effect of the banishment of the British,
101. Commencement of reforms in Italy,
102. Breach of the king's promise of a constitution,
103. Progressive but slight reforms already introduced,
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
104. Origin of secret societies,
105. Their origin and previous history,
106. Commencement of the Neapolitan revolution,
107. Defection of General Pepe and the garrison of Naples,
108. The king yields, and swears to the constitution,
121. Resignation of the king, and proclamation of the Prince of Carignan as
CHAPTER VIII.
RUSSIA AND POLAND, FROM THE PEACE OF 1815 TO THE ACCESSION OF
NICHOLAS IN 1825.
1. Vast growth and extent of Russia, America, and British India in recent
times,
2. Increase of Russia by the treaties of 1814 and 1815,
3. Important acquisition of Russia in the grand-duchy of Warsaw,
4. Statistics of the grand-duchy of Warsaw,
113
114
115
116
5. Establishment of the kingdom of Poland,
6. Biography of the Grand-duke Constantine,
117
8. His first acts of administration, and training of the army,
9. Great advantage to Poland from its union with Russia,
10. Great increase of its military strength,
11. Failure of the representative system in Poland,
12. Great influence of Russia,
13. Great wisdom of its external policy,
14. Their unity of purpose,
118
120
122
123
124
125
126
19. Reason of this unity. Their Asiatic habits and religious feelings,
20. Unity of interest in the empire,
131
132
21. General insufficiency of the schools to produce enlightenment,
22. The clergy,
32. Opinion of Mr Haxthausen on the serfs and their enfranchisement,
144
33. Evils of the Russian serf system,
145
34. Foreign conquest ever forced upon Russia by its climate,
146
35. Fear the universal principle of government in Russia,
147
36. General use of corporal chastisement, .
148
37. Character which these circumstances have imprinted on the Russians,