several years ago; that the valley belonged to this tribe at the time of making this treaty; that they have lived there ever since; that this has always been their country, and they oppose its settlement by the whites. Having been directed to inquire int the facts in reference to these Indians, and ascertain their needs, I will make this bar ter the subject of a special report.

The Indians mentioned by Agent Cornoyer in his report as being now on the Colum bia River, numbering, in his opinion, two thousand, are a source of considerable asnoyance to the agents at Warm Springs and Umatilla. They have a new and peculiar religion, by the doctrines of which they are taught that a new God is coming to them rescue; that all the Indians who have died heretofore, and who shall die hereafter are to be resurrected; that as they then will be very numerous and powerful, they wi be able to conquer the whites, recover their lands, and live as free and unrestrained as their fathers lived in olden times. Their model of a man is an Indian; they aspire to be Indians and nothing else. About four hundred of them belong at Umatilla agener. one hundred at Warm Springs, and the remainder in the Territories of Idabo and Washington. I understand that repeated ineffectual efforts have been made to ind them to return to their reservations. It has not been practicable for me to confer personally with them. It is thought, by those who know them best, that they cannot be made to go upon their reservations without at least being intimidated by the preence of a military force.

The estimates of the number of Snake Indians not now on any resevation, range from six hundred to twelve hundred. A new reservation was recently selected for them on the headwaters of Malheur River, but the selection has not been approved as yet, and the Indians are still roaming over the vast scope of country which they cla as their own. Their wants have heretofore been fully presented to you, and it is ot necessary that I should now repeat anything contained in my recent reports of thei condition.

WARM SPRINGS.

The annual report of Agent Smith has not reached this office, and not having visited this agency, I can give no information in regard to these Indians not contained in has monthly reports. It is sufficient, perhaps, to say that these reports represent affairs on this reservation as being in a prosperous condition.

SIR: I have the honor to submit this my second annual report as agent for the WallaWalla, Cayuse, and Umatilla Indians.

case,

There has been considerable improvement made by these Indians during the past year. Since the holding of the council in August, 1871, they appear to be better salesfied, and have confidence that the Government will protect them in their rights. The has induced more of them to go to work and cultivate the soil. Finding this to be the , I recommended to the superintendent that more wagons and harness be procures for them, which was done, and they were issued to them last spring, and have been of great assistance to them. Several of them have built themselves houses and barrs and enlarged their farms. I estimate that they have made and put up about 20,0**, new rails during the past winter and spring. Unfortunately, this year the crops wi be very light, in consequence of the long-protracted drought, having had no rain since February, a period of over six months, and also from the devastation made by the crickets and grasshoppers. Notwithstanding these great drawbacks, I estimate that they have raised more than last year.

Shortly after taking charge of the agency, finding that white men were pasturi”2 stock on the reservation, I immediately notified all the white settlers living in t), vicinity of the reserve, that this was in violation of the laws of the United States, ari that any person found trespassing after this notice would be prosecuted. Nearly removed their stock at once. One or two parties still continuing to herd their stock a the Indian lands in spite of the notice given them, I entered complaint in the Unite States court, and obtained judgment against them. This has had the desired eff and we have had but little trouble since from this source.

Surrounded as this reservation is by white settlers, it is almost impossible to prevent the Indians from procuring spirituous liquors. During the past year I have caused the arrest of four men for selling whisky to Indians, all of whom have been tried and convicted in the United States courts, and the parties are now undergoing the penalty. This has had a salutary effect, and it is now a rare occurrence to see a drunken Indian on the reservation.

Early in the month of August a small party of the Bannock band of Snake Indians, who were sent down by the chief of that band, paid a visit to these Indians, for the purpose of inviting them to come and see them, and make arrangements to trade with them. The Snake Indians have, until the past few years, been considered as hereditary enemies by the Indians here, and believing that much good would result from the restoration of peace and harmony between the tribes, I gave my consent for them to go. It being impossible for me to leave at the time, I sent my interpreter in charge of our Indians, with instructions to keep me advised in case any difficulty should arise. These Snake Indians procure large amounts of buffalo-robes, which they are anxious to trade with our Indians for horses, and our Indians took with them a considerable number of their ponies for the purpose of making a trade. Our Indians have all returned much pleased with their visit, and although they did not trade to a great extent, I am satisfied that it has been productive of great good; and I have received letters from white citizens residing in the Snake country, who say that the good advice given by our Indians to the Snakes to remain at peace with the whites will no doubt have great weight with those people.

In December, 1871, I had the honor to report to your predecessor, Hon. A. B. Meacham, the great difficulties under which we labor in consequence of the large number of renegade Indians who are gathered together on the Columbia River. I should estimate that there are now, and have been for some time past, upward of two thousand of these renegades, who belong to different tribes and bands, but who are now controlled by an Indian named "Smo-hal-ler, or Big-talk, or Four Mountains." He has emissaries constantly traveling from one reservation to another, trying to induce the Indians who are residing on them to abandon their homes and join his band. These Indians are under no control whatever by the whites. Superintendents and agents have made efforts at various times to induce them to remove to the different reservations in Eastern Oregon and Washington, and Northern Idaho, but without effect. And while they are allowed to remain and defy the power of the Government, it is impossible for the several agents on the different reservations to exercise a proper control over their Indians. Complaints are constantly made by the whites of depredations committed by Indians, and which they attribute to the reservation Indians, but which in nearly all cases are committed by these renegades on the Columbia River This spring a few of our Indians, belonging to Lalse's band of the Umatillas, left the reservation to join the Indians on the Columbia, and it has only been by the greatest efforts that Homli, the chief of the Walla-Wallas, has been restrained from leaving the reservation. I am informed, unofficially, that the Government has laid off a reservation on which it is in contemplation to place all the Indians of this section of country who have no settled homes. I hope such is the case, and that they may be removed at an early day. Until this is done many of the Indians on the different reservations, seeing that nothing is done by the Government, constantly evince a desire to roam about, and cannot be induced to settle down on their farms and adopt the habits of civilization, which, I am satisfied, they would do were these Indians removed.

There has been much sickness among these Indians during a portion of the past year, and many deaths have occurred. Great difficulty has always been experienced at this agency in obtaining the services of a physician who would reside permanently on the reservation. Early this spring I fortunately obtained the services of Dr. W. C. McKay, who has agreed to remain, and since he has been here he has been unremitting in his attention to the sick; but it is impossible to give them the requisite care and attention until we have a hospital erected.

In my last annual report I called attention to the dilapidated condition of the agency buildings on this reservation. At the time this reservation was established, in 1860, a few cabins were erected, out of cottonwood poles, to serve a temporary purpose, until a saw-mill was built, and proper buildings could be erected. From some cause or other, no mills were erected for several years; finally an appropriation of $10,000 was made by Congress for this purpose. Out of this appropriation a flouring-mill and saw-mill were put up. The flouring-mill answers the purpose for which it was intended, but the saw-mill is situated so far from timber as to be almost useless; logs have to be hauled about ten miles, over a mountain-road, and cannot be procured without a heavy expense. I would therefore recommend that the saw-mill be removed to a point up the river, nearer the timber, as recommended in my last report. In that report I made a rough estimate that the cost would be about $500; since then, I have examined the river carefully, accompanied by a competent millwright, and I find that the cost will be a little more, say not to exceed $1,000, and I would respectfully ask for an appropriation of that amount, and that authority be given to me to remove the saw mill.

As soon as that is done, I am satisfied that I can make all the lumber we need at a reasonable cost.

The fourth article of the treaty of June 9, 1855, provides as follows:

ARTICLE 4. "In addition to the consideration above specified, the United States agree to erect, at suitable points on the reservation, one saw-mill and one flouring-tail. a building suitable for a hospital, two school-houses, one blacksmith-shop, one building for wagon and plow maker, and one carpenter and joiner's shop; one dwelling f each two millers, one farmer, one superintendent of farming operations, two schooteachers, one blacksmith, one wagon and plow maker, one carpenter and joiner, to each of which the necessary out-buildings."

This is a solemn provision of the treaty, and, with the exception of the building of the mills, has never been fulfilled by the Government. We have, it is true, a blacksmith's shop, and a school-house, which is also used for divine service on Sunday. These latter were put up by a former agent, Lieutenant Boyle,out of the Indians' funds, but I do not think that it is right, or that it was the intention of the Government, to take the money belonging to the Indians to do the work which the Government, by their own stipulations under the treaty, agreed to do. In the report of Hon. Felix R. Brunot, chairman of the board of Indian commissioners, who visited this agency last year, acompanied by his secretary, Thomas K. Cree, esq., I find that on page 98, report of 1571, he recommends "that the saw-mill be reconstructed in a suitable place, and the promised buildings erected for the agent and employés in a suitable place near the flouring-mill; that a manual-labor school be established, and, as soon as possible, a second one, in accordance with the treaty; that a hospital be erected and a physican employed upon the reservation." With the saw-mill removed as recommended, and a sufficient supply of lumber procured, this can be done at a moderate cost to the Government. I would respectfully submit the following estimate, viz:

For removal of saw-mill.............

For necessary buildings for agent and employés, and building hospital.
For manual-labor school, and furnishing same

$1.00

3. (R

12.0

The estimates above submitted are very low, and I sincerely hope that an appropri ation may be made at the next session of Congress. With this small amount we could soon have buildings erected that would accommodate the agent and employés, an also erect a hospital for the sick, and a manual-labor school where the Indian children could be boarded. The boys, in addition to the usual branches of an English education. could be taught to work, and the girls could be instructed in housewifery and needlework.

The only school which we now have in operation is a day-school, with a daily attendance of 27 scholars. The children have made considerable advancement, many of them being able to read in the Fourth Reader; and also have made great progress in arithmetic; and the girls have also been taught to sew and kuit; they can nearly all make their own clothes, and some of them can cut them out as well as make them up. Still, if we have a manual-labor school, we could have many more scholars. As it is, many of the Indians live at too great a distance from the school to be able to send their children without great inconvenience; but if the children could be boarded and lodged, I am satisfied that we could soon have at least double the number of scholars now in attendance, who could be trained in habits of industry, and where they won'd be away from the contaminating influences by which they are constantly surrounded in the homes of their parents.

The building now used as a day-school is used for divine services on Sunday: although it will accommodate about one hundred and fifty persons, it is now entirely too small, and I am now preparing to enlarge it, and expect to have it done before the winter sets in. We will then have a building which will accommodate over two bu dred. This was absolutely necessary to be done, as the number attending the church is gradually increasing.

Before closing this report, I feel it my duty to refer to what I believe to be an unintentional error in the last annual report of the late superintendent, Hon. A. B. Meacham, in reference to schools on this reservation. He says: "At least one-half the Indians on the reservation are very much opposed to the Catholic religion, and wil not consent to have their children educated in that church." There is no doubt that a large number of the Indians are still wedded to their old superstitions, and are opposed to any religion whatever. There are a few families, certainly not more than six, who, many years ago, received some religious instruction from the Presbyterian missionaries, but all of these send their children regularly to school, and they them selves punctually attend divine service on Sunday. With these few exceptions, all those who profess to have any religion at all are Catholics, having received religions instruction from the priests of that church; and many of them are not only profess

ing Christians, but, by their daily life and actions, show that they are not only Christians in name but in practice; and I am happy to say that their numbers are increasing, and it is to be devoutly hoped that all may yet be brought to hear the words of truth. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

T. B. ODENEAL, ESQ.,

Superintendent Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon.

N. A. CORNOYER, United States Indian Agent.

SIR: In accordance with instructions, I have the honor to submit the following as my fifth annual report of the condition of the Indians under my charge. The number of Indians belonging to this agency is about as follows:

I was unable to make a new census during the year. The last census was taken with great care, and believing the deaths to have been equal to the births during the time, I have therefore adopted it as being much nearer correct than I could hope to approximate in any other way. Of the number above mentioned about sixty are absent without leave, and refuse to return. They belong to a religious sect known as Smobollahs, and refuse to obey the laws of the white men. They left this agency while under the charge of my predecessor, and I have been unable to induce their return. With the above exception, the Indians are contented, and their advancement during the year toward civilization has been great. With few exceptions, they have abandoned all their former manners and customs. Seventy-seven have made a profession of Christianity, manifesting a great interest in the cause of their Redeemer. Our Sabbath-school will, in interest, equal any in the country. Our house is filled to its utmost capacity every Sabbath, by old and young, male and female, all manifesting great interest in all the teaching. We have two Bible-classes, numbering twelve each, advancing very rapidly, now able to read verse about, while the teacher explains the meaning. The hearers are all classified, with a suitable teacher for each class.

I cannot speak in too high terms of the day-school. The advancement for the year has been much greater than during all the time since the agency was established." The school-list contains 72 names. The average attendance for six months ending June 1 was 51. Since that time to September 1, the average has been 26. In a few days the former number will again be attained. There are children reading well, writing good, legible hand, well versed in geography and arithmetic, who, one year ago, were unable to speak understandingly one word of the English language, thus fully showing that Indian children, with even not such good facilities for learning, equal, if not exceed, white children in progress. Their social condition has been much improved during the year. Their dress and deportment at church will compare favorably with white people. Many of them take a leading part in our religious exercises. They are rapidly learning to sing from books, and they are generally good singers. I regret to say that the building intended for a female school was blown down last spring, when near completion; the material being destroyed, the progress was retarded. I am doing, and have done, all the work in the building myself, and am building it neatly, and therefore I have been comparatively slow in my finishing it. In about two weeks I expect to have it ready for school. The size is 18 by 42 feet in the clear, with all the conveniences of a two-story building. When finished, it will be worth $1,500, all at my own private expense. I expect to do more by the aid of the proposed school than has yet been done for these Indians. In this building I propose to teach domestic economy, of which they know almost nothing, yet so essential to make their homes desirable. They should know how to prepare vegetables for the table. They do not know how to cook vegetables, and hence seek wild game, often leaving their crops to waste. They would soon abandon the chase and settle down to the quiet lives of farmers, and would soon prove self-supporting, industrious, and happy; also, they

buy their wearing apparel ready-made, paying three or four times as much as it is worth. This I would hope to remedy by teaching the women to make clothing. I propose to have all women who wish to learn, taught the various branches. The oversight of this work I propose to put into the hands of our school-teacher's wife, a lady eminently calculated for such a work, and a practical teacher. If the Government can consistently give me aid in this great work, I am sure that no better use could be found for the money. One thousand dollars or less, per annum, would bear all necessary expenses, including pay of teacher, incidentals, &c. Should no aid be granted me, I shall carry the school on to the best of my ability, at my own expense.

Iestablished a temperance society here last winter, with seventy names attached to the pledge, and I take pleasure in saying that few have violated their pledge, showing that they are fully as capable of keeping a moral obligation as are their white brothers. Their system of polygamy, buying and selling wives, &c., has been entirely aban doned. And when a couple now wish to marry, they come to church, and I marry them lawfully; and thus the abandonment of wives to distress, and sometimes even to starvation, as of old, has been prevented.

Gambling and drunkenness died gradually among them with the rise and advance of religion, those professing Christianity abstaining from principle, and frowning down the practice in others. One might live here for years and not hear a boisterous er angry word; they are peaceful, law-abiding people, and always obey to the letter a

decision from the court of head-men.

They have been unusually successful in agricultural pursuits during the year. Yet the yield per acre has been small. They had about 600 acres sown in wheat; the yield was about 6,000 bushels. I estimate the yield of oats to be 1,000 bushels; they have heretofore paid little attention to oat-raising, and seed-oats were furnished in a very limited quantity last spring. The potato crop is very large. I estimate that 60 acres were planted in potatoes, yielding 30 bushels per acre, or 1,800 bushels. The corn crop is also large, at least 50 acres, yielding 20 bushels per acre, or 1,000 bushels. The crop of assorted vegetables very large, and is hard to estimate, but will reach 1,500 bushels. They will have a large surplus, for which there is a ready market.

In anticipation of a failure of crops, I gave them leave to go into the mountains to dig roots, which are an excellent substitute for bread, and they obtained a large quantity. I furnished them with the usual amount of salt, and gave them permission to go to the Dalles fisheries; they were very successful in their salmon-catch. I estimate that 10 tons of salt and 2 tons of dried salmon were put up. This will give them a good supply of provision aside from their crops, and will enable them to dispose of their cereals for cash.

For the last three years their crops have been a failure. I was compelled, this spring to purchase seed-wheat, oats, and potatoes. Not having funds on hand, and the neces sity being so urgent, I was compelled to purchase on time. The potatoes I bought of Indians belonging and living at this agency.

The disposition to leave the agency to search for food is much less than in former years, showing a great change for the better.

I would again most earnestly recommend a boarding or manual-labor school, for this reason: the Indians are too far apart for their children to attend school at the agency, many living twelve miles distant. We have no provision for more than one teachet, There are over one hundred children at this agency who ought to be at school, and would be if they had the opportunity. I propose to make a small addition to our houses, and then we will have ample room for the accommodation of every child on the reservation.

We are now much better supplied with agricultural implements than ever before. We need more wagons, and are putting up very substantial wagons, as fast as our limited means will allow.

I am pleased to report that some of the Indians are learning to be quite good me chanics. One, who works at the harness trade, is able to do a good job; is also a good boot and shoe maker. He has made over twenty sets of harness, besides repairing a a great many saddles, &c. We have another just out of his apprenticeship to the same trade. We have two more who repair guns very well-one doing the wood, the other the iron work. They only work for the amusement, as there is no fund at my disposs for board and lodging of apprentices. They are naturally very ingenious, and, with a little encouragement, would make good mechanics. I hope some provision will be made in regard to this matter.

I wish to call your attention to the fact that our saw-mill is distant some eigh miles from the timber, requiring heavy teams to draw the logs to the mill. I again urge the importance of moving the mill some twelve miles from its present location te where there is a dense forest of timber. There is a great demand for building-mate rial, and the great cost at present seriously retards our getting enough lumber to al the demand. The place selected for the new mill is about half way from here to the Sonnamarsha country, which was surveyed last summer, and is destined to be the most important part of this reservation. I presume there are fully 1,600 acres of gvoù.