foundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were restored to the same footing on which they stood before the war. "It is a peace which everybody is glad of," said Sir Philip Francis, "although nobody is proud of it." The transports of public joy imposed on the opposition the necessity of accepting the peace without demur; Fox alone was suf ficiently carried away by party passion to rejoice emphatically at the success of France. "Some complain that we have not gained the object of the war," he said: "the object of the war we have not gained most certainly; I like the peace by so much the better." And in a letter to Lord Grey, who reproached him with his imprudence; “The truth is," replied Fox, "I am gone something farther in hate to the English government than you and the rest of my friends, and certainly farther than can with prudence be avowed. The triumph of the French government over the English does in fact afford me a degree of pleasure which it is very difficult to disguise."

The peace which had just been concluded was already breaking up; Bonaparte's encroaching ambition, relying on the lassitude of Europe, increased every day the pretensions of the French government. Crowds of English travellers were on the Continent, charmed to visit the new France, till now closed to their curiosity. Fox was in Paris, often in the society of the First Consul, for whom he had conceived the most lively admiration. Bonaparte was walking one day in the Louvre with his distinguished visitor, and stopped before a terrestrial globe; the First Consul touched with his finger the spot occupied by England. "See what a little place you occupy in the world!" he said to Fox, in one of those sallies of spite in which he often indulged. The Englishman's pride awoke in Fox. "That is true," he said, laying his hand in turn on the globe ;

"but with her vessels she encircles it all." Bonaparte said no more on the subject.

A temporary estrangement arose between Pitt and Addington, for the latter had sometimes failed to defend Pitt when he was violently attacked in the House, and the counsels asked for and given had not always been followed. Efforts were more than once made to bring the late minister back to power, and he now felt he could neither direct nor could he overthrow the cabinet which he had so long supported. He therefore gave up for a time frequenting the House of Commons. "I am more and more persuaded," he wrote to his friend Mr. Rose, "by all that I see of things and parties, that any part I could take at present if I were in town would be more likely to do harm than good; and that I am therefore, in every point of view, better where I am." Pitt prolonged his stay at Walmer Castle from February to May, 1803.

The condition of affairs was indeed a cause of anxiety and regret to all considerate minds: the execution of the Treaty of Amiens appeared doubtful; new revolutionary movements agitated Holland; the Cisalpine republic had just been organized under French influence; Bonaparte's mediation in Swiss affairs assured him an important and lasting influence in that country; Piedmont had been annexed to the French republic; an expedition under Colonel Sebastiani to Egypt caused the English great anxiety. The cabinets of London and Paris exchanged complaints and recriminations on the slowness which both sides showed in giving force to the treaty. "We claim the Treaty of Amiens, the whole Treaty of Amiens, and nothing but the Treaty of Amiens," said the French. England still retained Malta, under pretext that the Knights were the Knights were not yet established there, and that Malta was the only guaranty for them of

the good faith of the French. General Bonaparte expressed himself very angrily on this subject in conversation with Lord Whitworth, the English ambassador in Paris. "I would rather see you in possession of the heights of Montmartre than of Malta," he exclaimed. He then complained of the libels circulated against him in England, and also of the delays which had occurred in the trial of Peltier, a French pamphleteer and refugee, who was, however, at last declared guilty. At the same time the First Consul himself wounded the legitimate pride of England by this arrogant expression in his message to the Corps Législatif: "The government may say with just pride that England is unable at the present time to contend alone against France." Considerable armaments began to be prepared at the same time at several points on the French coasts, provoking, on the part of the English government, similar measures; a message from the king to Parliament announced that these steps had been taken.

The anger of the First Consul exhibited itself further towards the English ambassador on the occasion of a reception at the Tuileries on the 13th of March. "And so you are determined to go to war?" he exclaimed abruptly. "No," replied the ambassador, a high-bred, self-possessed Englishman; "we are too sensible of the advantages of peace." "We have already been at war for the last fifteen years "He seemed to be expecting a reply," continues Lord Whitworth, "so I said, 'That is already too long."" "But," he replied, "you want it for fifteen years longer you force me to it." He complained of the infractions of the treaty of which he accused England, rapidly turning around the circle, and fixing his angry glance upon the members of the diplomatic body, who were uneasy and