8. What cases follow the prepositions super, post, sine, circa, coram, præ, trans, penes? Compound

Post, circa, trans, penes, govern the accusative case.
Sine, coram, præ, the ablative.

Super governs sometimes the accusative, sometimes the abla

tive.

the

decutio
abscutio

debeo

Time. A point of time is placed in the ablative case.
Duration of time in the accusative.

Place. Station at a place in the case of names of towns and small islands, provided they be of the first or second declension and singular number, is expressed by the locative case in a or i. If of any other declension or plural number by the ablative. Names of countries require prepositions to precede them. Motion from a place, when the place is a town or small island, is expressed by the ablative without a prepositson.

When the place is a country, by the ablative with a prepo

sition.

Motion to a place, when the place is a town or small island, is expressed by the accusative without a preposition.

When the place is a country, by the accusative with a preposition.

Space. A point of space is placed in the ablative case.
Extent of space in the accusative.

Sentences in illustration may be found in previous Nos. of this Magazine.

the assertion in the antecedent clauses.
Qui takes the subjunctive when it introduces the ground of

Qui takes the subjunctive when it has the force of ut, with a personal or possessive pronoun.

Qui after quippe, utpote, generally takes the subjunctive. Qui governs the subjunctive when we may substitute for it "although," since," "because," " ," "seeing that," &c, with a personal pronoun.

Qui also takes the subjunctive after unus and solus, signifying "alone," "only."

Qui takes the subjunctive after sum with such phrases as"sunt qui," ‚,” “erant qui," &c., and after negative and interrogative sentences, as "nemo, nihil, &c., est;" "quis est ?" "an quisquam est ?" "quotusquisque est ?" &c.; and after "est quo," "nihil est quod," "non est quod;" also after "absunt qui," "non desunt qui," &c.

Qui as a simple relative takes the indicative.

1. Give the French of the feminine sex of neveu, empereur, héros, ouvrier, veuf, époux, loup, instructeur.

2. When do vingt

and cent take the

VII. French Language.

Nièce, impératrice, héroïne, ouvrière, veuve, épouse, louve, institutrice.

Vingt and cent take the mark of the plural when preceded by a numeral which multiplies them, as quatre-vingts, deux cents, mark of the plural. another numeral they are invariable, as quatre-vingt treize, quatre-vingts livres, deux cents hommes, but if followed by cinq cent trois.'

Bien, le mieux; bon, le meilleur; petit, le moindre (le plus petit).

Aussitôt que, avant que, dès que, pendant que, tant que, tandis que.

Éteint, plu, entendu, conduit, résolu, ouvert, crû, cousu.

Translate:-However, when any one of our relations was found to be a person of a very bad character, a troublesome guest, or one we desired to get rid of, upon his leaving my house, I ever took care to lend him a riding coat, or a pair of boots, or sometimes a horse of small value, and I always had the satisfaction to find that he never came back to return them. By this the house was cleared of such as we did not like.- Oliver Goldsmith.

Cependant, s'il se trouvait que l'un de nos parents eût une mauvaise réputation; si c'était un fâcheux, quelqu'un dont nous voulions nous délivrer, j'avais toujours soin lorsqu'il nous quittait de lui prêter, soit un redingote, soit une paire de bottes, quelquefois même un cheval de peu de valeur, et j'eus toujours la satisfaction de voir qu'il ne revenait jamais les rendre. La maison était ainsi débarrassée de ceux que nous n'aimions pas.

CHAPTER VII.

REVIEW OF THE JULY (1873) PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION FOR SOLICITORS. WE have much pleasure in congratulating all the candidates who have just presented themselves for Examination, for we think that the majority of the questions are very fair and are well calculated to test their general knowledge, though one or two questions may perhaps be "ill-advised," not because they are unsuitable for an Examination Paper, but because it is absurd to ask a question which alone would require a deal of consideration, and this must be extremely embarrassing to the candidates when, in addition to the nervousness which clings to them, they remember that a very short period is allowed for answering the geographical and historical questions. For this reason, therefore, every candidate ought to be extremely well acquainted with the technicalities of each subject, so that he may not have to waste any time in recalling facts to his mind.

English Composition.] The subjects for the theme this time present a strange contrast to those asked at the last Examination, when candidates were required to deal with "Death" and other peculiar subjects. But a man must be extremely fastidious if be makes any complaints on the present occasion. The country student had an opportunity of describing the various breeds and habits of that most useful animal the dog, while the London student, who no doubt occasionally visits the Opera, might have written a very elegant and graceful theme on that most delightful and inspired art-music. He might not only have offered his humble opinion of the various singers, saying whether he admires a soprano, contralto, alto, tenor, baritone or basso voice, but he might have shown that our greatest geniuses liked music most passionately, though we dare say few agree with Shakespeare when he says—

"The man that hath no music in himself,

Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils;
The motions of his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as Erebus :

Let no such man be trusted."

While we are bound to admit that the universal genius of this inimitable bard adorned everything it touched, we are inclined to think he might have had a motive in expressing his opinion so strongly. We all know that "human nature is human nature," and that the most gifted men have their failings. The only subject which would not admit of "lofty ?" ideas is "Meals-which you prefer, and why." We say this, because, though a talented and experienced writer might be able to mould a most interesting gastronomical" essay, youths and those who have had little practice, are apt to regard the factative portion of a theme, hence the remarks might not be very instructive. Some, however, may have selected the subject, and we sincerely trust they will not take offence at our remarks, especially when we tell them that having for years past guided the doubtful path of some hundreds of pupils, we look upon their defects as only reasonable, because, but for such defects, they would never improve. When we perceive an egregious error we check it; whereas, when it is light, we are apt to pass it over.

Now above all we wish to direct the student's attention to the employment of fluent and grammatical language as a primary step, and to remind him that no one should attempt embellishments until he has acquired a graceful style. Elegant language will follow in time, as if it were a natural qualification. We cannot be too emphatic; we say pray do not embellish, and never forget for a moment that before you can possibly attain an eminence you must lay a sure foundation. It is, we believe, unnecessary to enumerate the various expedients resorted to by eminent writers to enable them to keep their minds clear; but if any aspiring student requires a few suggestions on the subject, we shall be most happy to tell him what we know.

English Language.] Though many of these questions have never been asked before they are similar to those which have been recently asked. It would indeed be a great shame if those who have been specially prepared do not meet with success. Perhaps

some of the public schoolmen and others, who cling to "Lindley Murray's Grammar" and such books, will not be surprised if they receive a notice enclosed in an envelope! When we bear in mind question 2, we are more convinced than ever that a knowledge of the history of our language is absolutely necessary to ensure success.

English History.] The fifth question in this paper is somewhat ambiguous, and we are inclined to think that the word "what" is incorrectly employed. As we have taken the question in its true grammatical sense, we believe our answer is correctly framed. To expect a candidate to answer such a question in less than twenty minutes would be unkind. Doubtless some allowance is made; but we believe that questions requiring short answers would test the candidates more minutely. These "abstract" questions afford excellent opportunities for writing themes, and we may treat of one of them at some future time. Anticipating such questions, we put our pupils on their guard.

Geography of Europe and of the British Isles.] The questions this time require rather short answers. Here and there our own answers may be rather lengthy; but allowance must be made for one who is anxious to explain everything in a thorough

manner.

Arithmetic.] These examples are certainly not difficult, though no doubt they were puzzling to those who did not anticipate them. Our pupils had worked out most of them before the day of Examination.

Elementary Knowledge of Latin.] There is nothing in the Latin paper which calls for special comment. We refer intending candidates to the articles " Our Note-Books" and "A few Remarks on the Study of the Latin Language.”

French Language.] The French grammar questions are not difficult. No doubt most of the candidates qualifying in this subject expected similar questions. Most of the passages given for translation from English into French are from Oliver Goldsmith's

Vicar of Wakefield." Students should not forget to bear this in mind, although they may not have an extract from that book for some time, but they will now know what kind of passages are selected.

Taking a general view of all the papers, it was the unanimous opinion of our pupils that they could not have been more efficiently prepared.

CHAPTER VIII.

CORRESPONDENCE.

The Editor will be glad to receive COMMUNICATIONS from students and others. They must be addressed "Care of the Publishers," and will, in every instance, receive the attention they merit.

MUSE. The lines are from Campbell's "Address to Sceptics."

S. C. (Nottingham).- Sir Thomas Gresham, who founded Gresham College, was called "the royal merchant."

EXAM (Birmingham). -You must satisfy the Examiners in each paper. Candidates are not "rejected" for indistinct articulation, for this may be physical defect. Such a defect would be taken into consideration.

X. Y. Z. (Torquay).-See answer to question 11 in the Geography paper of No. 5 of this Magazine.

F. N. (Peterborough); ENQUIRER (Holyhead), and STUDENS (Winchester).—The article entitled "Our Note-Books" will explain the reason.

LANGUAGE.-(1) We can say either "I dare do such a thing," or "I dare (challenge) such a man to do it." The verb dare is both transitive and intransitive; (2) "or" is the correct pronunciation of the preposition "of;" but "f" retains its true character in the word "for."

W. M. (Redruth).—We regret to be compelled to decline your offer.

J. G. (Stafford).-(1). The twelve principal deities were, according to Ennius, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Juno, Diana, Venus, Mars, Mercurius, Jovi', Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo; (2) Dependere ab aliquo, "to depend upon a person" (figuratively), is never used for pendere ex aliquo.

HOME, SWEET HOME.-Your inquiry ought to have been addressed to some other journal. However, as we are always willing to afford information, we believe the air "Home, Sweet Home" first appeared in Howard Payne's "Clari, the Maid of Milan." In 1826 he edited a London dramatic paper called "The Opera-Glass."

FLEUR (Manchester).- See page 396 of this number. The same subjects as well as the same books will be selected for the year 1874.

QUERY (Lancaster Gate).-You will certainly be expected to answer some of the French grammatical questions. You must also satisfy the Examiners in the Latin paper. A. K. (Rochester).—You may present yourself for Intermediate Examination in H. T. 1874.

BAR (Poole).-As a rule, no Latin grammar questions are asked in the "Preliminary" for the Bar. Yes, we have a separate class reading for the M. T. Examinations. This is in answer to what we consider a “private” question, to which we would have replied through the post if you had sent your name and address.

ENQUIRER (Levenshuhve).-As your enquiry necessitates rather a lengthy reply, and you have given your address, we will send you a letter in a few days.

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

FOR SOLICITORS, FOR THE BAR, and the College of SurgEONS.

The Author of "The Student's Guide," and Editor of "The Preliminary Examination Journal and Student's Literary Magazine" (formerly of King's College, London), whose pupils have always met with greater success than those instructed by any other tutor, PREPARES CANDIDATES of defective knowledge very speedily.

References to Members of the Incorporated Law Society, Barristers, Clergymen, Doctors, and others, whose sons have passed after short periods of tuition, having previously failed three and four times with other tutors. For Syllabus (30 pages) of Testimonials and Opinions of the Law Journal, Law Times, Standard, Law Examination Reporter, Law Magazine and Review, The London Review, &c., &c., address Mr. J. ERLE BENHAM, at his Chambers, 20, Devereux Court, Temple, or to the care of Messrs. Butterworth, 7, Fleet Street, London, Her Majesty's Law Publishers.

Mr. J. Erle Benham has classes reading daily at his chambers for the Preliminary, Intermediate and Final Examinations for Solicitors. References to gentlemen of the highest legal status.

Printed by C. Roworth and Sons, Newton Street, London, W.C.