7. Name the countries and principal places through which a traveller would most naturally pass in going from Paris to St. Petersburg. 8. Give the boundaries of Switzerland and Austria respectively. 9. Specify the positions of the following places, and mention any remarkable circumstances that you know concerning them: - Belfort, Saragossa, Naseby, Dunbar, Wantage, Giants' Causeway, Portland, Tintagell, Padua, Runnymede, Ryswick, Wroxeter, Killiecrankie, Nismes, Bayeux, Cannes, Upsal, Malines, Youghal. Switzerland is bounded north by Germany (Baden, Wurtemburg and Bavaria); west by France; south by France and Italy; east by Italy and Austria. Austria is bounded north by Russia, Germany, Saxony and Bavaria; south by Italy, the Adriatic and Turkey; west by Liechtenstein, Switzerland and the Sardinian States; and east by the Russian Empire and Turkey. Belfort, a fortified town of France, dep. Haut-Rhin, on the Savoureuse. Besieged by the Prussians in the late FrancoPrussian War in 1870; but it still belongs to France. Saragossa, capital of the province of the same name and of Aragon, on the right bank of the Ebro. It was taken by the French in 1808, after a siege of eight months, memorable for a most heroic defence. Naseby, a village in Northamptonshire The troops of Charles I. were totally defeated here by the Parliamentary army, in June, 1645. Dunbar, a seaport town in Haddington, Scotland, at the mouth of the Firth of Forth. The Scots were defeated here in 1296 by Edward I. of England, and, in 1650, by Oliver Cromwell. Wantage, a village in Berkshire, where, in 849, Alfred the Great was born. Giants' Causeway, a celebrated basaltic formation, north coast of Ireland, in Antrim. The "causeway" is a platform projecting into the sea from the base of a stratified cliff, about 400 feet in height and resembling a pier, 700 feet in length and 350 feet in breadth. Portland is a peninsula off Dorset. It is famous for its immense breakwater, the foundation-stone of which was laid 25th July, 1849, under the auspices of the late Prince Consort. Tintagell, a parish in Cornwall, on its north coast. King Arthur was a native of Tintagell Castle. Padua, a fortified city in Venice, northern Italy, seat of an ancient university, where Tasso and Columbus were educated. It is the birthplace of Livy and the traveller Belzoni. Runnymede, in Surrey, between Staines and Windsor, where the barons forced King John to sign Magna Charta 15th June, 1215. Byswick, a province of the Netherlands, South Holland, south-east of the Hague. A pyramidal monument commemorates the peace concluded in 1697 between France on the one part and Germany and England, Spain and Holland on the other. Wroxeter, a town in Shropshire. Extensive remains of the ancient Uriconium were discovered near this in 1859. Killiecrankie, a famous pass in the Grampian Mountains in Perth, Scotland. A battle was fought here in 1689, in which Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, was killed. Nismes, the ancient Nemansus, a city in Languedoc, capital of the department of Gard. Its Roman remains comprise an am phitheatre, a Corinthian temple, called the Maison Carée, which is restored and serves for a museum of antiquities. Bayeux, a city in the department of Calvados, France. In its cathedral is preserved the tapestry said to be the work of Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror. Cannes, a seaport town, department of Var, France. Napoleon I. landed at Cannes from Elba, 1st March, 1815. Upsal, a city of Stockholm, on the Sala. It has a cathedral in which the Swedish kings used to be crowned; principal university in Sweden (900 students). Malines, in Antwerp, divided into two portions by the Dyle. Has a cathedral with a steeple 370 feet in height, and containing the "Last Supper" by Rubens. Youghal, a seaport town in Cork, on the west side of the estuary of the Blackwater, which forms its harbour. Here the potatoe was first introduced into Ireland by Sir Walter Raleigh, whose house is still preserved. 1. Write down the following numbers in figures:-Nineteen million four hundred and nineteen thousand and nineteen. Seven billion and seven. Twelve million four hundred and thirty-eight. Onehalf of seventeen million and fortyfour. The difference between the total of the above numbers and four million four thousand four hundred and four. 2. Explain the rule for borrowing in subtraction. In order to subtract one whole number from another, we first place the number to be subtracted under the other, with their units-figures in the same line; we then take the units-figure 4 of the lower number from that of the other, 7; thus, 4 from 7, 3, i.e. 3 units, and we place the 3 under the units-figures, to be the units-figure of the result: then we proceed to the tens-figures, and say, 1 from 2, 1, i.e. 1 ten, and we set down 1 under the tens-figures: then to the hundreds-figures, and say, 8 from 3, I cannot; but if we take or borrow 1 out of the 4 thousands (leaving 3 thousands), and treat it as 1 ten hundreds, we shall now have 13 hundreds in the upper line; we can now say, 8 from 13, 5, i.e. 5 hundreds, and we set down 5 as the hundredsfigure of the result; and we have now to take 2 thousands from 3 thousands, or, which is just the same, but more convenient in practice, instead of supposing the upper figure, 4, diminished when we borrow 1, we may suppose the lower corresponding figures, 2, increased, i.e. we may carry 1 to it, and say, 3 from 4, 1, i. e. 1 thousand; and so on. 7. One-half of the books in a bookcase have green backs, have blue, have red, and there are 50 books with no backs at all. How many books are there? 8. A. can do a piece of work in 5 days, B. in 6, and C. in 7; how much of it can they jointly do in 2 being the portion with backs of the whole, .. 50 being the portion with no backs and being of the whole, .*. 12 × 50 = 600. Ans. = days, and in what time would they exactly complete the work? 5. Write down the prepositions which govern the ablative case. 6. What is meant by Defective, Frequentative and Desiderative verbs respectively? Give examples of each. Prepositions which take the ablative only are: a, ab, abs, absque, coram, cum, de, e or ex, palam, præ, pro, sine, tenus. The last named takes a genitive of the plural, very rarely an ablative. Prepositions which take the accusative or ablative are: clam, in, sub, super, subter. 66 Examples of "clam" (1) with accusative, (2) with ablative:- (1) Verbs that have only some particular tenses and persons are called Defective; as Aio (I say), ave (hail), ausim (I may dare), cedo (give me), cœpi (I begin), faxo (I will or may do it), inquam (say I), &c., &c. (2) Frequentative verbs indicate the repetition of the action expressed in their Primitives; as Canto (from cano), voluto (from volvo), agito (from ago), rogito (from rogo), lectito (from lego), &c., &c. |