the flattery and adulation which were poured upon him, he was greater in his humility, and had been greater in his deeds and words, than when he first stood upon English ground. The Duchess of Sutherland well interpreted the feelings of England's sons and daughters in her generous reception of Garibaldi. She did that which they would have done. She was honoured, and felt the honour, of being the entertainer of A MAN-the highest, noblest work of God.

But not to the distinguished merely has the Duchess shown friendship. Many whom the world would have passed or trodden under foot have been rescued and succoured by this noble lady. Art has found in her a patron, and poverty a friend. Her best works have been done without ostentation or parade, her left hand not knowing of the actions of her right; and her nearest relatives and friends being ignorant of deeds of benevolence and charity which have blest the giver and the gift. Well may we say, then, that the Duchess of Sutherland, though in the possession of a hereditary title only inferior to that of royalty, has earned for herself a still higher title, because purchased by a life having for its motto -Duty.

282

JENNY LIND.

E remember this lady best by her maiden name:

WE

the more formal one of Madame Goldschmidt is not and cannot be so familiar to English readers as Jenny Lind, truly a household name, not less loved than respected. There have been singers who have possessed gifts scarcely less than those owned by Jenny Lind, but their lives presented fewer incidents of cherished remembrance: they are specially known for their gifts for their extraordinary capacity of voice. Not so Jenny Lind. Wonderful as her powers confessedly are-greater than the greatest— yet her name is cherished by the English nation in connection with kindly deeds, and with works of charity and love. She rejoiced in the possession of her wonderful powers because they enabled her to dispense blessings, to build institutions for healing the sick, to aid the distressed, and to create joy and gladness where sadness and sorrow before had been. These deeds are more treasured remembrances, and find a firmer lodgment in the heart, than the most extraordinary vocal powers; the latter, for the moment, fill the ear with astonishment, but the former live to spread a sweet influence when the giver has departed to the final resting-place.

This excellent lady was born in the city of Stockholm, in the parish of St. Clara, October 21st, 1821. Her father was a member of the legal profession, and her mother for many years kept a boarding-school for girls. By a former marriage she had a daughter, who died before reaching adult age. Jenny Lind is her only child by second marriage. Both parents are Protestants and members of churches in Stockholm. Jenny Lind at the proper time made her first communion in the Lutheran Church, the National Church of Sweden and of all other Scandinavian countries. She remains, as she commenced,—a member of that Church. Soon after attaining her third year, she manifested an extraordinary love of music; and at this period it is reported that she could sing correctly any melody that she had once heard, with a power of voice and with a correctness of ear which did not fail to attract the attention and secure the admiration of her companions, as much as in subsequent years she astonished and delighted thousands of musical critics. On the attainment of her ninth year, when she had become a thoughtful but by no means beautiful girl, she had the good fortune to be brought into the company of Madame Lundberg, a celebrated actress at Stockholm, who was at once favourably impressed with the ease and natural grace of her singing, so that she earnestly entreated her parents to make every effort to obtain for her a musical education. This advice, so ardently seconded by Jenny herself, was

at last acceded to. Madame Lundberg then introduced the future "Nightingale" to Croelins, a music-master of great repute, who became and remained her true friend. On hearing her sing he was impressed with her extraordinary gift, and immediately predicted for her a brilliant future. Count Pucke admitted her to the musical school attached to the theatre, where she made such rapid progress that in a very short time she was permitted to enter upon stage duties, in the discharge of which she obtained considerable celebrity. Her popularity thus became so great that small musical pieces were expressly written for her, in which she manifested much dramatic as well as musical originality. Her extreme modesty obtained for her the friendship of the principal families of Stockholm, by whom she was often entertained. But this favourable public notice did not deter her from an earnest pursuit of her studies. About her twelfth year the upper notes of her voice, which had so charmed every one that had heard them, failed, so that her teacher, as well as herself, despaired of her attaining a first position in her chosen profession. Years passed away, and the deprivation still continued. During those years she was very assiduous in her musical studies, and, in addition, she rendered material aid to her mother in her school.

At length this severe trial came to an end. A portion of Meyerbeer's opera of "Robert le Diable " had been announced for performance at a grand con

cert; the part of Alice, however, was deemed so insignificant, that no singer of any reputation would undertake the part. Berg, the director of the Academy, thinking that Jenny might read the music sufficiently well, applied to her, and obtained her consent. Strange to say, on the evening of the concert, while singing the music assigned to her, her long-lost vocal power returned, and she was rewarded with rapturous applause. The director then felt assured that he could intrust her with the part of Agatha, in Weber's "Der Frieschütz," which had always been Jenny's ambition. On her appearance, her success was complete. For the next eighteen months she was the chief musical attraction of Stockholm, appearing in "Robert le Diable," "La Vestale," &c. But, notwithstanding this well-deserved fame, Jenny was not satisfied. She felt that she had much yet to attain, and resolutely set herself the task of attaining the perfection to which she aspired. The deficiency which she felt was elasticity and strength in her higher notes, to obtain which she laboured incessantly.

To perfect her attainments, by the advice of Croelins she went to Paris, to put herself under the direction of Garcia, esteemed as the most efficient master of singing in the world. To accomplish this end, accompanied by her father, she gave a number of concerts in the chief towns of Sweden and Norway, which were immensely successful. Then, alone, she